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H
GCSE
STATISTICS
Higher Tier Paper 2

Monday 19 June 2023 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a calculator Question Mark
• mathematical instruments.
1

Instructions 2
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Draw diagrams in pencil. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions.
5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. 6
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 7
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
8
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross out any work you do not want
to be marked. 9
10
Information 11
• The marks for the questions are shown in brackets.
12
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You may ask for more answer paper and graph paper. These must be 13
tagged securely to this answer booklet. 14
15

TOTAL

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

1 Tirunesh asks 50 people which of the following instruments they play,

• piano (P)
• violin (V)
• trombone (T).

The results are shown in the diagram.

Tirunesh chooses one person at random.

1 (a) Circle the probability that this person plays the piano.
[1 mark]

10 22 23 14
50 50 50 50

1 (b) Circle the value of P(V | T).

[1 mark]

1 5 7 5
6 9 18 11 2

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2 The cumulative frequency step polygon represents the number of tickets bought by box

18 customers one morning.

Circle the number of customers who bought 3 tickets.

[1 mark]

5 7 8 15 1

3 Tony is investigating students’ scores in statistics exams.

He says that it depends on the following factors,

• time spent studying

• score in maths exams.

Circle the term that best describes the type of data Tony uses.
[1 mark]

1
bivariate multivariate qualitative categorical

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4 The table shows information about births in the UK in 2010 and 2019. box

Year

2010 2019

Number of births 807 300 712 700

Total population 62 260 000 66 650 000

Birth rate 10.7

Source: ONS

4 (a) Complete the table by finding the birth rate in 2010.

Use the formula

number of births
birth rate = × 1000
total population
[2 marks]

4 (b) The birth rate in Iceland in 2019 was 12.5

Jack concludes,

“Iceland had a higher number of births than the UK in 2019 because it had a
higher birth rate.”

Comment on Jack’s conclusion.

[1 mark]

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5 An app allows students to complete work set by their teacher. box

Mr Roper wants to test the effectiveness of the app in an experiment.

He tells his class of 30 students that they have a test next week.
To revise, he gives the app to half of the class, whilst the other half just use their books.
Mr Roper ensures that there are the same numbers of boys and girls in each group.

5 (a) Name one other consideration for Mr Roper when grouping the students.
[1 mark]

5 (b) The test scores for the app group are shown in the stem-and-leaf diagram.

5 (b) (i) Work out the median score.

[1 mark]

Answer %

5 (b) (ii) Show that the interquartile range is 20%

[2 marks]

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5 (c) The percentage scores of the 15 students who were in the book group are, box

71 46 57 37 50

44 69 40 58 83

42 56 39 55 79

Use these results to complete the back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram that shows both
sets of results on the same diagram.
Remember to complete the key and the labels for the diagram.
[4 marks]

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5 (d) Using your stem-and-leaf diagram and the values from part (b), box

compare statistically the scores in the test for those who revised using the app and
those who used their books.
[5 marks]

5 (e) Give one criticism of the experiment set up by Mr Roper.

[1 mark]

14

Turn over for the next question

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6 Frieda, Piran and Elliot are investigating the most popular type of ice cream or ice lolly of box

the 1200 students at their school.

They want to take a sample of 60 students.
They each suggest a sampling method to collect the data.

Frieda’s method
Ask the first 60 students who arrive at school.

Piran’s method
Number each student on the register from 1 to 1200
Use a random number generator to find a starting point between
1 and 20
Choose to ask every 20th student after the starting point.

Elliot’s method
For each year group, put all the names of the students in a hat.
Pick 5% of the names out for each year group.
Ask each of these students.

6 (a) Write down the name of Frieda’s method.

[1 mark]

Answer

6 (b) (i) Write down one advantage of Piran’s method.

[1 mark]

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6 (b) (ii) Write down one disadvantage of Piran’s method. box

[1 mark]

6 (c) (i) Write down the name of the sampling technique Elliot suggests.
[1 mark]

Answer

6 (c) (ii) The table shows the number of students in each year group at their school.

Year Number of students

7 260

8 200

9 178

10 280

11 282

Calculate the number of students Elliot should sample from Year 7

[2 marks]

Answer

Question 6 continues on the next page

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6 (d) The table shows the most popular types of ice cream or ice lolly and the percentage of box

people of different ages and gender who chose them in the UK.

Gender (%) Age category (%)

Ice cream
or All Male Female 18–24 25–49 50–64 65+
ice lolly
Magnum 28 27 28 12 22 39 42

Fab 8 9 8 11 11 6 1

Solero 8 6 9 7 8 8 7

Twister 7 6 7 11 10 2 2

Feast 6 5 7 6 9 6 1

Calippo 5 6 4 7 6 3 2

Orange 3 3 2 1 1 3 10

Cornetto 3 2 3 2 3 2 1

Other 32 36 32 43 30 31 34

Source: adapted from YouGov

Compare the preferences of different age groups.

[2 marks]

Comparison 1

Comparison 2

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DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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7 Leanne wants to buy a ticket to fly from Manchester to Greece next year. box

Tickets are released by the airline exactly six months in advance of departure.
She investigates how the price of tickets changes over these six months.
She draws this scatter graph showing the ticket price, £P, plotted against the time in
months, t, since the tickets were released.

Leanne calculates that the equation of the regression line for her data is,

P = 32t − 16
7 (a) Interpret the value of 32 in Leanne’s equation.
Give your answer in context.
[1 mark]

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7 (b) Leanne does not want to pay more than £100 for her ticket next year. box

Use the equation of the regression line to predict the latest time after tickets are released
that Leanne could buy a ticket.
[2 marks]

Answer months

7 (c) Give a reason, in context, why the regression equation is not appropriate when the
tickets are initially released.
[1 mark]

7 (d) The product moment correlation coefficient for Leanne’s data is 0.91

Leanne says,

“This shows there is a strong linear relationship.”

Looking at the scatter graph, is Leanne’s conclusion appropriate?

Tick () a box.

Yes No

Give a reason for your answer.

[1 mark]

Turn over for the next question

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8 The table shows average house prices in the UK. box

Year Average price (£)

2016 283 000

2017 280 000

Source: ONS

8 (a) Comment on the reliability of the source of the data.

[1 mark]

8 (b) Using 2016 as the base year, show that the index number for 2017, to 1 decimal place,
is 98.9
[1 mark]

8 (c) Using 2016 as the base year, the index number for 2020 is 107.0

8 (c) (i) A house purchased in 2016 cost £430 000

Calculate an estimate for the value of this house in 2020.

[2 marks]

Answer £

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8 (c) (ii) Carla bought a house for £215 000 in 2016 and sold it for £233 000 in 2020. box

Did Carla’s house increase by a greater proportion than the index number for 2020
suggests?

Tick () a box.

Yes No

You must show your working.

[2 marks]

8 (d) The table shows some index numbers relating to average house prices for a town.

Year Index number

2017 100

2019 96.2

2021 104.2

Andy says,

“Average house prices in the town increased by 8% from 2019 to 2021.”

Is Andy’s conclusion valid?

Tick () a box.

Yes No

Give a reason for your answer.

[1 mark]

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9 An airline records the length of delay, in minutes, whenever a flight is delayed. box

The histogram represents this information for flights in May.

Flights in May

9 (a) Calculate an estimate for the number of flights in May that were delayed by
more than 20 minutes.
[3 marks]

Answer

9 (b) (i) Give a reason why it is not possible to calculate the exact value of the mean length of a
delay from the histogram.
[1 mark]

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9 (b) (ii) Give a reason why the mean may not be representative for the length of a delay in May. box

[1 mark]

9 (c) The histogram represents the length of delay, in minutes, for flights in June.

Flights in June

The director of the airline says,

“The range for the length of a delay was smaller in June than in May.”

Complete these sentences to comment on this statement.

[2 marks]

The director may be correct because

The director may not be correct because

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10 Jutta works in the finance department for a retailer. box

The table shows information about monthly sales figures over the past 40 months.

Sales, x (£000s) Frequency

0 ⩽ x < 10 2

10 ⩽ x < 20 5

20 ⩽ x < 30 11

30 ⩽ x < 40 14

40 ⩽ x < 50 8

10 (a) Draw a frequency polygon to represent Jutta’s data.

[3 marks]

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10 (b) Jutta chooses two of the months at random to examine their sales figures. box

Calculate the probability that the sales figure for both months is at least £20 000
You must show your working.
[3 marks]

Answer

10 (c) Calculate an estimate of the median monthly sales.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
[3 marks]

Answer £ 9

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11 A triathlon is an athletics event which has three sections, box

• a swim
• a cycle
• a run.

11 (a) Owen wants to investigate whether there is a relationship between the times taken for
the swim and cycle sections.

Suggest a possible hypothesis for Owen’s investigation.

[1 mark]

11 (b) Owen uses some of the results from the 2016 Olympic Games.

The table shows information for 8 different athletes.

Swim Cycle Rank Rank

Athlete Difference
(min : sec) (min : sec) Swim Cycle

Brownlee 17:24 55:04 1 3 –2

Schoeman 17:25 55:01 2 1 1

Murray 18:20 55:35 8 5 3

Pereira 18:03 55:52 7 6 1

Van Riel 17:27 55:03 4 2 2

Mola 17:37 56:18 6 8 –2

Royle 17:26 55:05 3 4 –1

Bailie 17:31 56:11 5 7 –2

Source: triathlon.org

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11 (b) (i) Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the times taken to complete box

the swim and cycle sections.

6∑ d 2
Use rs = 1 −
n(n 2 − 1)

You may use the blank column in the table to help you.
[3 marks]

Answer

11 (b) (ii) Interpret the value of the answer found in part (b)(i) in context.
[1 mark]

Question 11 continues on the next page

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11 (c) The values of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between other sections of the box

triathlon are shown in the table.

Spearman’s rank correlation

Sections
coefficient

Swim and Run –0.50

Cycle and Run –0.26

Owen says,

“There is a stronger relationship between the swim and run sections than
between the cycle and run sections.”

Is Owen correct?

Tick () a box.

Yes No

Give a reason for your answer.

[1 mark]

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12 The weighted mean of two numbers is calculated. box

One number has a value of 16 and a weighting of 7

The other number has a value of 11 and a weighting of 3

Circle the value of the weighted mean of the two numbers.

[1 mark]

12.5 13.5 14.5 19.7 1

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13 A soft drink is sold in cans which are filled by a machine. box

Balasz takes a sample of cans every hour.

He finds the mean amount of drink in each sample.
The table shows the mean of each sample.

Sample
number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mean
amount 150.5 149.3 150.0 149.6 151.3 150.8 149.8 151.2 149.3 151.6
(ml)

The control chart shows some of the sample means and the warning and action limit
lines.

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13 (a) Complete the control chart. box

[2 marks]

13 (b) The machine is set so that,

• the mean amount of drink in a can is x ml

• the standard deviation of the sample mean is y ml

The warning limit lines for the machine are drawn at x + 2y and x – 2y

Use the control chart to write down the value of x and work out the value of y
[2 marks]

x=

y=

13 (c) (i) Balasz actually took Sample 6 immediately after analysing Sample 5

Comment on whether this was appropriate.

Give a reason for your answer.
[1 mark]

13 (c) (ii) Explain what action Balasz should take based on Sample 10
[1 mark]

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14 In a talent show each contestant is given a mark by the judging panel. box

The marks of all contestants can be modelled by a normal distribution with a mean of 60
and a standard deviation of 15
Daisy, Helen and Poppy each audition for the talent show.
Their standardised scores are shown in the table.

Contestant Standardised score

Daisy –0.8

Helen –2.2

Poppy 1.6

14 (a) To qualify for the next round in the competition a contestant needs a mark of 80 or more.

Show that Poppy qualifies for the next round.

value − mean
Use standardised score =
standard deviation
[2 marks]

14 (b) (i) How does Daisy’s mark compare with Helen’s mark?
[1 mark]

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14 (b) (ii) How does Daisy’s mark compare with the marks of all contestants? box

[1 mark]

Turn over for the next question

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15 Almaz wants to estimate the number of frogs in a lake. box

• She captures a sample of 380 frogs and tags them.

• She returns the frogs to the lake.

• A week later she collects a second sample of 405 frogs.

• In this second sample 3 of the frogs have tags.

15 (a) Show that an estimate of the number of frogs in the lake is approximately 51 000
[2 marks]

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15 (b) Two years ago, Almaz estimated that there were 59 000 frogs in the lake. box

She concludes that the number of frogs in the lake has decreased by about 13%

Do you agree with Almaz?

Tick () a box.

Yes No

Show your working.

You should also refer to three factors that could affect the accuracy of Almaz’s estimate,
including any assumptions made.
[4 marks]

Factor 1

Factor 2

Factor 3

END OF QUESTIONS

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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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