F–6976 Sub.

Code
7BMA1C1

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

First Semester

Mathematics

CALCULUS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

dn y
1. If y  log ax  b then find .
dx n

dn y
y  log ax  b GÛÀ –IU PõsP.
dx n

2. Define evolute.

Áøμ¯Ö : ö\[÷Põmkz uÊÂ.

3. Write down the formula for radius of curvature in polar

co-ordinates.

•øÚ¯ B¯[PÎÀ ÁøÍÄ Bμ® Põq® `zvμzøu GÊxP.

4. Define an asymptote to the curve.

ÁøÍÁøμ°ß •i»õz öuõk÷PõkPøÍ Áøμ¯Ö.

  
2 2
5. Prove that : 
0

sin n x dx  cosn x dx .
0

 
2 2
{ÖÄP :  sin n x dx   cosn x dx .
0 0

 co sec
4
6. Evaluate : x dx .

©v¨¤kP :  co sec 4 x dx .

7. Evaluate  xy dx dy taken over the positive quadrant of

the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 .

x 2  y 2  a 2 GßÓ Ámhzvß ªøP PõÀ £Sv°ß «x

 xy dx dy –ß ©v¨¦ PõsP.
8. Define Jacobian of two variables.

Cμsk ©õÔPÎß áU÷Põ¤¯øÚ Áøμ¯Ö.

9. Define Beta function.

¥mhõ \õºø£ Áøμ¯Ö.

 x 1  x 
7 8
10. Evaluate : dx .
0

1
©v¨¤kP :  x 7 1  x 8 dx .
0

2 F–6976
 Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

3
11. (a) Find yn where y  .
x  12x  1
3
y GÛÀ yn –IU PõsP.
x  12x  1
Or
(b) Find the envelope of the family of a straight lines
y  tx  2at  at 3 where t is the parameter.

y  tx  2at  at 3 GßÓ ÷|º÷PõkPÎß Sk®£zvØS

uÊÂø¯U PõsP, CvÀ t Gߣx AÍĸ.

12. (a) Prove that the   r  equation of r  a 1  cos   is

r3
2  .
2a
r3
r  a 1  cos   –ß   r  \©ß£õk  2  GÚ
2a
{ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Find the asymptotes of x 3  2x 2 y  xy 2  2 y 3  4 y 2 
2xy  y  1  0 .

x 3  2x 2 y  xy 2  2 y 3  4 y 2  2xy  y  1  0 –ß
•i»õz öuõk÷PõkPøÍU PõsP.

x tan 1 x dx .
2
13. (a) Evaluate :

©v¨¤kP :  x 2 tan 1 x dx .

Or

3 F–6976
 (b) Obtain the reduction formula for I n  tan n x dx . 

I n  tan n x dx –ß SøÓzuÀ Áõ´¨£õmøh¨ u¸Â.

a b

  x 
2
14. (a) Evaluate :  y 2 dx dy .
0 0

a b

  x 
2
©v¨¤kP :  y 2 dx dy .
0 0

Or

 x  y e
4 xy
(b) Evaluate dx dy , where R is the square
R
with vertices (1, 0), (2, 1), (1, 2) and (0,1).

R Gߣx (1, 0), (2, 1), (1, 2) ©ØÖ® (0,1) GßÓ

 x  y e
4 xy
•øÚPøÍ Eøh¯ \xμö©ÛÀ dx dy –
R
©v¨¦ PõsP.

1 
15. (a) Prove that     .
2

1 
    GÚ {ÖÄP.
2

Or

2
(b) Evaluate : 
0
tan  d .


2
©v¨¤kP : 
0
tan  d .

4 F–6976
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Show that the evolute of the cycloid x  a   sin   ;

y  a 1  cos   is another cycloid.

x  a   sin   ; y  a 1  cos   GßÓ ÁøÍÁøμUS

ö\[÷Põmkz uÊÂ ©ØöÓõ¸ ÁøÍÁøμ GÚU PõmkP.

17. Find the asymptotes of x  y 2 x  2 y x  3 y  

 
2a x 2  y3  2a 2 x  y x  2 y   0 .

x  y 2 x  2 y x  3 y  
2a x 2  y3   2a 2 x  y x  2 y   0 –ß •i»õz
öuõk÷PõkPøÍU PõsP.

18. Evaluate :

e
2x
(a) cos 3x dx

x
3
(b) cos 2x dx .

©v¨¤kP :

e
2x
(A) cos 3x dx

x
3
(B) cos 2x dx .

5 F–6976
19. Evaluate  xyz dx dy dz taken through the positive
octant of the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 .

x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 GßÓ ÷PõÍzvß ªøP Gs©õn® «x

 xyz dx dy dz –I ©v¨¤kP.

20. Prove that :  m, n  

m n  .
m  n 

{ÖÄP :  m, n  
m n  .
m  n 

————————

6 F–6976
 F–6977 Sub. Code
7BMA1C2

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

First Semester

Mathematics

ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Write down the expansion for (1  x )  n .

(1  x )  n &ß Â›øÁ GÊxP.

2. Write the formula for log (1  x ) .

log (1  x ) &ß `zvμzøu GÊxP.

3. What is the general form of Quadratic equation?

C¸ £ia \©ß£õmiß ö£õx ÁiÁ® ¯õx?

4. Define reciprocal equation.

Áøμ¯Ö : uø»RÌ \©ß£õk.

5. Define Sturms function.
Áøμ¯Ö : ìh®ì \õº¦.

6. What is the use of Newton’s method?

{³mhß •øÓ°ß £¯ß ¯õx?

7. Give the formula for cos n .

cos n : Âß `zvμzøu GÊxP.

n
 1
8. Expand :  x   .
 x
n
 1
 x   I ›zx GÊxP.
 x

9. Prove that cos h 2 x  sin h 2 x  1 .

{ÖÄP : cos h 2 x  sin h 2 x  1 .

10. Write the formula for cos hx .

cos hx &ß `zvμzøu GÊxP.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions choosing either (a) or (b).

1 1 1
   ....
e2  1
11. (a) Prove : 2  1! 3! 5! .
e  1 1  1  1  1  ....
2! 4! 6!
1 1 1
   ....
e2  1 1! 3! 5!
{ÖÄP : 2 
e  1 1  1  1  1  ....
2! 4! 6!

Or

2 F–6977
 5 5.7
(b) Find the sum of the series   ... ... ...
3.6 3.6.9

5 5.7
  ... ... ... GßÓ öuõh›ß TkuÀ PõsP.
3.6 3.6.9

12. (a) Solve the equation 4 x 3  24 x 2  23x  18  0 given

that the roots are A.P.

4 x 3  24 x 2  23x  18  0 GßÓ \©ß£õmøhz wºUP.

Cuß ‰»[PÒ A.P. °À EÒÍÚ GÚU
öPõkUP¨£mkÒÍx.

Or

(b) Increase the roots of the equation

4 x 5  2x 3  7 x  3  0 by 2.

4 x 5  2x 3  7 x  3  0 GßÓ \©ß£õmiß ‰»[PøÍ 2

BÀ AvP›UP.

13. (a) Show that x 3  3x  1  0 has only one real root and
calculate it correct to 2 decimals by Newton’s
method.

x 3  3x  1  0 ØS J÷μ J¸ ö©´ ‰»® uõß C¸US®

GÚ {ÖÄP. ÷©¾® AuøÚ 2 u\© Chzv¸zu©õP
{³mhß •øÓ°À PõsP.

Or

3 F–6977
 (b) Apply Horner’s method to find the root of the
equation.

x 3  9x 2  23x  14  0 which lies between 4and 5

correct to 2 places.

x 3  9x 2  23x  14  0 GßÓ \©ß£õmiØS 4ØS®

5ØS® Cøh¨£mh ‰»zøu 2 u\© Chz v¸zu©õP
íõºÚº •øÓ°À PõsP.

14. (a) Express cos 5 in terms of cos  .

cos 5 &øÁ cos  &ß EÖ¨¦PÎÀ öÁΰkP.

Or

(b) Solve : sin ( / 6   )  0.51 .

wºUP : sin ( / 6   )  0.51 .

15. (a) Prove that sin h 1 ) ( x )  log ( x  x 2  1 )) .

{ÖÄP : sin h 1 ) ( x )  log ( x  x 2  1 )) .

Or

(b) Expand sin h 5 ( x ) in terms of hyperbolic functions.

sin h 5 ( x ) I Av£μÁøͯ \õº¦PÎß EÖ¨¦PÎÀ

›UP.

4 F–6977
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Show that

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
log 12  1         2     3  ....
2 3 4 4 5 4 6 74

{ÖÄP :

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
log 12  1         2     3  ....
2 3 4 4 5 4 6 74

17. Find the condition that the equation

x 4  px 3  qx 2  rx  s  0 should have 2 roots  , 

connected by the relation     0 .

    0 GßÓ öuõhº£õÀ CønUP¨£mkÒÍ  ©ØÖ®

 &øÁ x 4  px 3  qx 2  rx  s  0 GßÓ \©ß£õmiß C¸

‰»[PÍõP ö£ÖÁuØPõÚ {£¢uøÚø¯U PõsP.

18. Obtain the positive root of the equation x 3  3x  4  0

correct to 2 places of decimals using Newton’s method.

{³mhß •øÓ°À 2 u\© Chz v¸zu©õP x 3  3x  4  0

GßÓ \©ß£õmiß ªøP ‰»zøuU PõsP.

5 F–6977
19. Expand cos5  sin 4  in terms of cos  .
cos5  sin 4  I cos  Âß EÖ¨¦PÎÀ ›UP.

20. If cos ( x  iy )  r (cos   i sin  ) , prove that

1  sin ( x   ) 
y log   .
2  sin ( x   ) 
1  sin ( x   ) 
cos ( x  iy )  r (cos   i sin  ) GÛÀ y  log  
2  sin ( x   ) 
GÚ {ÖÄP.

————————

6 F–6977
 F–6978 Sub. Code
7BMA2C1

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Second Semester

Mathematics

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY OF 3D AND VECTOR

CALCULUS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Find the angle between the planes 2x  y  z  6 ;

x  y  2z  3 .
2x  y  z  6 ; x  y  2z  3 GßÓ uÍ[PÐUS Cøh¨£mh
÷PõnzøuU PõsP.

2. Write the equation of the plane in intercept form.

öÁmkz xsk Ái»õÚ uÍzvß \©ß£õmøh GÊxP.

3. Define skewlines.
\ºÄ ÷PõkPøÍ Áøμ¯Ö.

4. Find the centre and radius of the sphere

2 x 2  2 y 2  2z 2  2 x  4 z  5  0 .

2 x 2  2 y 2  2z 2  2 x  4 z  5  0 GßÓ ÷PõÍzvß ø©¯®

©ØÖ® Bμ® PõsP.

5. Write the general equation of right circular cone.

÷|ºÁmhU T®¤ß ö£õx \©ß£õmøh GÊxP.
6. Define cylinder.
E¸øÍø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

7. Define  .
 –I Áøμ¯Ö.
    
8. If F  xz 3i  2x 2 yzj  2 yz 4 k , find   F .
    
F  xz 3i  2x 2 yzj  2 yz 4 k GÛÀ   F –IU PõsP.

9. Define surface integral.

÷©Ø£μ¨¦ öuõøP°hø» Áøμ¯Ö.

10. State Green’s theorem.

QŸÛß ÷uØÓzøu GÊxP.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Find the equation of the plane through the point
1,  2, 3 and the intersection of the planes
2x  y  4 z  7 and x  2 y  3z  8  0 .
2x  y  4 z  7
©ØÖ® x  2 y  3z  8  0 GßÓ
uÍ[PÒ öÁmk® ©ØÖ® 1,  2, 3 GßÓ ¦ÒÎ ÁÈ÷¯
ö\À¾® uÍzvß \©ß£õmøhU PõsP.

Or
(b) Find the symmetrical form of the equation of the
line of intersection of the planes x  5 y  z  7  0 ;
2x  5 y  3z  1  0 .
x  5 y  z  7  0 ; 2x  5 y  3z  1  0 GßÓ uÍ[PÎß
öÁmkU÷Põmiß \©a^º ÁiÁzøuU PõsP.

2 F–6978
 x  1 y  10 z  1
12. (a) Show that the lines   ;
3 8 2
x  3 y 1 z  4
  are coplanar.
4 7 1
x  1 y  10 z  1 x  3 y 1 z  4
  ;   GßÓ
3 8 2 4 7 1
÷PõkPÒ J¸ uÍzvÀ Aø©¢uøÁ GÚU PõmkP.

Or
(b) Find the equation of the sphere passing through the
points 0, 0, 0 , 0, 1,  1,  1, 2, 0  and 1, 2, 3 .

0, 0, 0 , 0, 1,  1,  1, 2, 0 

©ØÖ® 1, 2, 3 GßÓ
¦ÒÎPÒ ÁÈ÷¯ ö\À¾® ÷PõÍzvß \©ß£õmøhU
PõsP.

13. (a) Prove that the equation

2 2 2
ax  by  cz  2ux  2vy  2wz  d  0 represents a
u2 v2 w2
cone if   d.
a b c

u2 v2 w2
   d GÛÀ
a b c
ax 2  by 2  cz 2  2ux  2vy  2wz  d  0 GßÓ
\©ß£õk J¸ T®ø£U SÔUS® GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Find the equation of right circular cylinder whose
x y z
axis is   and radius 5.
2 3 6
x y z
Aa_   BPÄ® Bμ® 5–BPÄ® öPõsh
2 3 6
÷|ºÁmh E¸øÍ°ß \©ß£õmøhU PõsP.

3 F–6978
 
14. (a) If r is the position vector of any point px , y, z  ,
 
prove that grad r n  nr n 2r .

¦ÒÎ px , y, z  –ß {ø» öÁUhº r GÛÀ
 
grad r n  nr n 2r GÚ {ÖÄP.
Or

(b) Find the values of a, b, c for which

   
F  x  y  az i  bx  3 y  z  j  3x  cy  z k is
irrotational.
   
F  x  y  az i  bx  3 y  z  j  3x  cy  z k
Gߣx _Ç»ØÓx GÛÀ a, b, c &ß ©v¨¦PøÍU PõsP.
     
15. (a) If F  2xy  z 3 i  x 2 j  3xz 2k , evaluate  F .dr
C

where C is any path joining 1,  2, 1 to 3, 1, 4  .

     
F  2xy  z 3 i  x 2 j  3xz 2k GÛÀ 
F .dr PõsP.
C

C[S C Gߣx 1,  2, 1 ©ØÖ® 3, 1, 4  I ÷\ºUS®

£õøu.
Or
    
(b) If F  2zi  xj  yk , evaluate 
V
F .dv where V is

the region bounded by the surfaces x  0 , y  0 ,

x  2 , y  4 , z  x2 , z  2
    
F  2zi  xj  yk GÛÀ  F .dv –I PõsP. V
V
Gߣx

x 0, y 0, x 2, y  4 , z  x 2 , z  2 GÝ®

¦Ó¨£μ¨¦PÍõÀ Aøh¨£mh £Sv.

4 F–6978
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Find the perpendicular distance from P 3, 9,  1 to the

x  8 y  31 z  13
line   .
8 1 5
x  8 y  31 z  13
P 3, 9,  1 –¼¸¢x   GßÓ ÷Põmiß
8 1 5
ö\[Szx öuõø»øÁU PõsP.

17. Find the shortest distance of the lines

x  2 y  6 z  34 x  6 y 7 z 7
  and   .
2 3  10 4 3 2
x  2 y  6 z  34 x  6 y 7 z 7
  ©ØÖ®   GßÓ
2 3  10 4 3 2
÷PõkPÐUS Cøh¨£mh SøÓ¢u £m\yμzøuU PõsP.

18. Find the equation of the right circular cone whose vertex
x y z
is at the origin, whose axis is the line   and
1 2 3
which has a verticle angle 60.
x y z
Bv°À •øÚø¯²®,   GßÓ ÷Põmøh Aa\õPÄ®,
1 2 3
©ØÖ® ö\[SzxU ÷Põn® 60–²® öPõsh ÷|ºÁmhU
T®¤ß \©ß£õmøhUPõsP.

19. Prove that :

      
 
  
 
(a) curl f  g   g   f  f   g  f div g  g div f

r
(b) div   2 r .
r
{ÖÄP :
    
(A) curl f  g    g   f  f   g  f div g  g div f
    

 r
(B) div   2 r .
r

5 F–6978
20. Verify Gauss divergence theorem for the vector function
   
F  x 3  yz i  2x 2 yj  2k over the cube bounded by
x  0 , y  0 , z  0 , x  a , y  a and z  a .
x  0 , y  0 , z  0 , x  a , y  a ©ØÖ® z  a GÝ®
   
Áõ®¦øh¯ PÚ \xμzvß «x F  x 3  yz i  2x 2 yj  2k
GÝ® öÁUhº \õº¤ØS Põì £õ´Äz ÷uØÓzøu \›£õºUP.

———————

6 F–6978
 F–6979 Sub. Code
7BMA2C2

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Second Semester

Mathematics

SEQUENCES AND SERIES

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define a sequence.

öuõhøμ Áøμ¯Ö.

2. Define bounded sequence.

Á쮦 öuõhøμ Áøμ¯Ö.

3. Define Cauchy sequence.

Põæ öuõhøμ Áøμ¯Ö.

4. Define limit superior of the sequence.

öuõh›ß ÷©À Áμ®ø£ Áøμ¯Ö.

5. Define the sequence of partial sums.

£Sv TkuÀ öuõhøμ Áøμ¯Ö.
 1
6. Discuss the convergence  3
n 1
.

1
 3
n 1
J¸[Suø» ÂÁõv.

1 1 1
7. Show that the series 1     .... converges.
2 3 4
1 1 1
1    .... J¸[S® GÚ PõmkP.
2 3 4

8. Define a absolutely convergent series.

uÛ J¸[SuÀ Á›ø\ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

9. Define the rearrangement of the terms of the series.

Á›ø\°ß EÖ¨¦PÒ ©õØÔ Aø©zuÀ Áøμ¯Ö.

10. Define Cauchy product of series.

£›ø\°ß Põæ ö£¸UPø» Áøμ¯Ö.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Prove that any convergent sequence is a bounded

sequence.
G¢u J¸ J¸[S® öuõh¸® Á쮦 öuõhº GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or
n
(b) Prove lim 1.
n 2
n 1
n
{ÓÄP lim 1.
n 2
n 1

2 F–6979
12. (a) State and Prove Cesaro’s theorem.
^\÷μõÂß ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

Or
n!
(b) Prove lim  0.
n   nn

n!
{ÖÄP lim  0.
n   nn

13. (a) State and prove Cauchy’s general principle of

convergence.
Põæ°ß ö£õx J¸[SuÀ öPõÒøPø¯ TÔ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Discuss the convergence  ne n2
.

 ne n2
J¸[Suø» ÂÁõv.

14. (a) State and Prove Dirichlet’s test.

i›a»miß ÷\õuøÚø¯ TÔ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Prove that any absolutely convergent series is
convergent.
G¢u J¸ uÛ J¸[S® Á›ø\²® J¸[S® GÚ {ÖÄP.

15. (a) State and prove Riemann’s theorem.

Ÿ©õÛß ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) State the sufficient condition for the convergence of
Cauchy product of two series.
Á›ø\PÎß Põæ ö£¸UP¼ß J¸[Su¾UPõÚ
÷£õx©õÚ {£¢uøÚø¯ TÖ.

3 F–6979
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

 1
16. Show that lim  a n   1 where a  0 is any real number.
n  
 
 1
lim  a n   1 , a  0 J¸ ö©´ Gs, GÚ {ÖÄP.
n  
 

17. State and Prove Cauchy’s second limit theorem.

Põæ°ß CμshõÁx GÀø» ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

18. State and Prove Kummer’s test.

S®©›ß ÷\õuøÚø¯ TÔ {ÖÄP.

19. State and Prove Leibnitz’s test.

½¤Ûmêß ÷\õuøÚø¯ TÔ {ÖÄP.

20. State and Prove Merten’s theorem.

ö©ºmhÛß ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

————————

4 F–6979
 F–6980 Sub. Code
7BMA3C1

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Third Semester

Mathematics

ABSTRACT ALGEBRA

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10 × 2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Show that in a group x 2 = x if and only if x = 0 .

S»zvÀ x 2 = x ⇔ x = 0 GÚ PõmkP.

2. Define alternating group.

JßÖÂmh S»® Áøμ¯Ö.

3. Define subgroup and give one example.

EmS»® Áøμ¯Ö ©ØÖ® J¸ GkzxUPõmk u¸P.

4. Show that any cyclic group is abelian.

G¢u J¸ \UPμ S»•® B¤¼¯ß GÚ PõmkP.

5. Define normal subgroup.

÷|ºø© EmS»® Áøμ¯Ö.

6. Define inner automorphism.

EÒ ußÛ¯À¦ – Áøμ¯Ö.
7. Verify 0 a = a 0 = 0 in a ring R.
0 a = a 0 = 0 ø¯ Áøͯ® RÀ \›£õº.

8. Prove f : C → C defined by f ( x ) = z is an isomorphism.

f : C → C À f ( x ) = z Gߣx C¯ö»õ¨¦ø© GÚ {ÖÄP.

9. Show that Ker ( f ) is an ideal.

Ker ( f ) J¸ ^ºÁøͯ® GÚ PõmkP.

10. Prove any Euclidean domain is a principal ideal domain.

G¢u J¸ ³UÎm Aμ[P•® •ußø© ^º Aμ[P©õS® GÚ
{ÖÄP.

Part B (5 × 5 = 25)
Answer all questions.

11. (a) Let G be a group and a, b ∈ G , then show that

ax = b and ya = b have unique solutions for x and
y in G .
G J¸ S»®, a, b ∈ G GÛÀ ax = b ©ØÖ®
ya = b US J÷μ wºÄ ( x , y ∈ G ) Esk GÚ PõmkP.
Or
(b) If G be a group in which ( ab)n = a nbn for three
consecutive integers and for all a, b ∈ G , then prove
G is abelian.
‰ßÖ Akzukzu •Ê GsPÐUS ( ab)n = a nbn , G
J¸ S»®, ∀ a, b ∈ G GÛÀ G J A¥¼¯ß S»®
GÚ PõmkP.

12. (a) Show the union of two subgroups is again a

subgroup if one is contained in the other.
C¸ EmS»[PÎß ÷\º¨¦ EmS»©õP C¸UP JßÖ
©ØöÓõßÔÝÒ C¸US® GÚ PõmkP.
Or

2 F–6980
 (b) Let G be a group and a, b ∈ G , then prove order of
ab = order of ba .
G J¸ S»®, a, b ∈ G GÛÀ ab &ß Á›ø\ = ba &ß
Á›ø\ GÚ {ÖÄP.

13. (a) Prove that isomorphic image of an abelian group is

abelian.
A¥¼¯ß S»zvß C¯ö»¨¦ø© ¤®£•® A¥¼¯ß
GÚ {ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Show that the set of all inner automorphisms forms
a normal subgroup.
GÀ»õ EÒ ußÛ¯À¦PøͲ® öPõsh Pn® J¸
÷|ºø© EmS»® GÚ PõmkP.

14. (a) Show that the ring Q of Quaternion is a skew field

but not a field.
|õßPÛß Áøͯ® Q BÚx ÁøÍÄ PÍ® BÚõÀ
PÍ® AÀ» GÚ PõmkP.
Or
(b) Prove that the only idempotent elements of an
integral domain are 0 and 1.
Gs Aμ[Qß uß AkUSPÒ 0 ©ØÖ® 1 ©mk÷© GÚ
{ÖÄP.

15. (a) Let p be any prime, then show that ( p) is a

maximal ideal in Z .
p £Põ Gs GÛÀ Z À ( p) J¸ «¨ö£¸ Gs
Aμ[P® GÚ PõmkP.
Or
(b) Let f : R → R′ be a homomorphism and let S be a
subring of R , then show that f (S ) is a subring of
R′ .
f : R → R′ C¯ö»õ¨¦ø©, S BÚx Rß
E£Áøͯ® GßP. f (S ) BÚx R′ &ß E£ Áøͯ®
GÚ PõmkP.

3 F–6980
 Part C (3 × 10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. If a permutation is a product of r transpositions and also

s transpositions, show that either r and s are both even or
both odd.
J¸ Á›ø\ ©õØÓ©õÚx r Ch©õØÓ[PÎß ö£¸UPÀ
÷©¾® s Ch©õØÓ[PÎß ö£¸UPÀ GÛÀ r AÀ»x s
Cμsk÷© JØøÓ AÀ»x Cμsk÷© Cμmøh GÚ PõmkP.

17. State and prove Lagrange’s theorem.

»Uμõßâß ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

18. Let G be a cyclic group generated by ‘ a ’ and let

f : G → G be a mapping such that f ( x y ) = f ( x ) f ( y ) ,
then show that f is an automorphism ⇔ if f (a ) is a
generator of G .
G J¸ \UPμ S»®, a Auß E¸ÁõUQ, f : G → G BÚx
f ( x y ) = f ( x ) f ( y ) GÝ©õÖ ÷PõºzuÀ GÛÀ f BÚx
ußÛ¯À¦ ⇔ f (a ) BÚx G &ß E¸ÁõUQ GÚ PõmkP.

19. Prove that the set F of all real numbers of the form
a + b 2 is a field.

a + b 2 ÁiÁ® öPõsh ö©´ GsPøÍ öPõsh Pn®

F BÚx PÍ® GÚ PõmkP.

20. State and prove fundamental theorem of homomorphism.

ö\¯ö»õ¨¦ø©°ß Ai¨£øh ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

————————

4 F–6980
 F–6981 Sub. Code
7BMA3C2

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Third Semester

Mathematics

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define Exact equation.

xÀ¼¯©õÚ \©ß£õmøh Áøμ¯Ö.

2. Solve : p2  5 p  6  0 .

wºUP : p2  5 p  6  0 .

X
3. How will you find ?
 
X
&ø¯ GÆÁõÖ Põs£õ´?
 
4. Find the complementary function of
 
x D  8xD  12 y  x 4 .
2 2

x D
2 2
 8xD  12  y  x 4
&ß {쨦a \õº¦ PõsP.

5.  
Solve : y2  4 xy1  4 x 2  3 y  e x .
2

wºUP : y2  4 xy1  4 x 2  3 y  e x .
2
6. Write the criterian of integrability.
öuõøP°h¼ß Áμß•øÓø¯ GÊxP.

7. Eliminate the arbitrary function from z  f x 2  y 2 .  

 
z  f x 2  y 2 &¼¸¢x ÂvPmk¨£õhØÓ \õºø£ }USP.

8. Solve : p  y2q 2 .

wºUP : p  y2q 2 .

9. Define : Trajectory.
Áøμ¯Ö : GÔÄÁøμ.

10. Write Torricelli’s law.

÷hõ›ö\¼°ß Âvø¯ GÊxP.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a)    
Solve : y xy  2x 2 y2 dx  x xy  x 2 y2 dy  0 .

wºUP : yxy  2x 2 y2 dx  x xy  x 2 y2 dy  0 .

Or
(b) Solve : x 2  1  p2 .

wºUP : x 2  1  p2 .

d3 y 2
2 d y dy
12. (a) Solve : x 3 3
 3 x 2
x  y  x  log x .
dx dx dx

d3 y 2
2 d y dy
wºUP : x 3 3
 3 x 2
x  y  x  log x .
dx dx dx

Or

2 F–6981
 dx dy dz
(b) Solve : 2
 2  2 .
x  yz y  zx z  xy

dx dy dz
wºUP : 2
 2  2 .
x  yz y  zx z  xy

13. (a) 
Solve : xD 2  2x  1 D  x  1 y  e x . 

wºUP : xD 2  2x  1 D  x  1 y  e x . 
Or
(b) Verify the condition of integrability
2x 2 2

 2xy  2xz  1 dx  dy  2zd  0 .

öuõøP°h¼ß {£¢uøÚø¯ \›£õºUP

2x 2 2

 2xy  2xz  1 dx  dy  2zd  0 .

Eliminate h and k from x  h    y  k   z 2  r 2 .

2 2
14. (a)

x  h 2  y  k 2  z 2  r 2 &¼¸¢x h ©ØÖ® k I
}USP.

Or

(b) Solve : z  px  qy  1  p2  q 2 .

wºUP : z  px  qy  1  p2  q 2 .

15. (a) Find the orthogonal trajectory of x 2 / 3  y2 / 3  a 2 / 3 .

x 2 / 3  y2 / 3  a 2 / 3 &ß ö\[Szx GÔÄÁøμø¯P PõsP.

Or
(b) Explain free fall of bodies.
ö£õ¸mPÎß PmhØÓ ÃÌa]ø¯ ÂÁ›.

3 F–6981
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16.  
Solve : D 2  4 D  3 y  sin 3x cos 2x .

wºUP : D 2  4 D  3 y  sin 3x cos 2x .

log x sin log x   1

17. 
Solve : x 2 D 2  xD  1 y   x
.

log x sin log x   1

wºUP : x 2 D 2  xD  1 y  .
x

d2 y
18. Solve using variation of parameters 2
 n2 y  sec nx .
dx
AÍÄPÎß ©õÖ£õmk •øÓø¯¨ £¯ß£kzv wºUP
2
d y
2
 n2 y  sec nx .
dx

19. Solve by Charpits Method p2  qy  2 y2  2z  0 .

\õº¤mì •øÓ°À wºUP : p2  qy  2 y2  2z  0 .

20. Explain the Brachisto chrone problem.

¤μõ]ì÷hõ U÷μõß PnUøP ÂÁ›.

————————

4 F–6981
 F–6982 Sub. Code
7BMA4C1

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Fourth Semester

Mathematics

TRANSFORM TECHNIQUES

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1.  
Prove : L t1 / 2 

3/2
2s
.

{ÖÄP : L t1 / 2  

3/2
.
2s

2. 
Find : L sin3 2t . 
PõsP : L sin3 2t  .

 1 
3. Find : L1  .
3 
 s  2 

 1 
PõsP : L1  .
3 
 s  2 
  s 
4. Find : L1  2 .
 s 1

 s 
PõsP : L1  2 .
 s 1

5. Define even function.

Cμmøha \õºø£ Áøμ¯Ö.

6. Write the formula for ' an ' in the Fourier cosine expansion
of f x  in 0,  .

0,  À f x  –ß L§›¯º öPõø\ß Â›ÂÀ ' an ' –ß

`zvμzøu GÊxP.

7. Define : Fourier cosine integral.

Áøμ¯Ö : L§›¯º öPõø\ß öuõøP±k.

8. State linear property.

÷|›¯À £sø£ TÖP.

9. What is Z-transform?

Z–E¸©õØÓ® GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

 z 
10. Find : z 1  a 
.
z e 

 z 
PõsP : z 1  a 
.
z e 

2 F–6982
 Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) 
Find : L te t sin t . 
PõsP : L te t sin t .

Or


e t  e 2t
(b) Prove : 
0
t
dt  log 2 .


e t  e 2t
{ÖÄP : 0
t
dt  log 2 .

 s2 
12. (a) Find : L1  .

 s2  4 s  5 2 
  
 s2 
PõsP : L1  .
 
 s2  4 s  5 
 
2

Or

dx dy
(b) Solve :  2x  3 y  t ,  3 x  2 y  e 2t where
dt dt
x 0   0, y0   0 .

dx dy
wºUP :  2x  3 y  t ,  3 x  2 y  e 2t CvÀ
dt dt
x 0   0, y0   0 .

3 F–6982
 a
0 f x  is odd
 a
13. (a) Prove : f x dx  
 .
a 2 f x dx f x  is even

 0

a
0 f x  is JØøÓ
odd
 a
{ÖÄP : f x dx  
 .
a 2 f x  
dx f x  is even
Cμmøh
 0
Or
 1 1 1
(b) Prove : 1     ....
4 3 5 7
 1 1 1
{ÖÄP : 1     ....
4 3 5 7
1
14. (a) Find the Fourier cosine transform of .
x  a2
2

1
–ß L§›¯º öPõø\ß E¸©õØÓzøuU PõsP.
x  a2
2

Or
(b) State and prove Parseval’s identity.
£õºêÁÀ \©Ûø¯ TÔ {ÖÄP.
 2n  3 
15. (a) Find : z  .
 n  1n  2

 2n  3 
PõsP : z  .
 n  1n  2
Or
 z 4 
(b) Find : z 1  2 .
 z  5z  6 

 z 4 
PõsP : z 1  2 .
 z  5z  6 

4 F–6982
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Evaluate :
 cos 2t  cos 3t 
(a) L 
 t 

e t sin 2 t
(b) 
0
t
dt .

©v¨¤kP :
 cos 2t  cos 3t 
(A) L 
 t 

e t sin 2 t
(B) 
0
t
dt .

d2 y dy
17. Solve using Laplace transform : 2
4  5 y  5 where
dt dt
y0   0 , y0   2 .
»õ¨»õì E¸©õØÓzøu¨ £¯ß£kzv wºUP :
d2 y dy
2
4  5 y  5 AvÀ y0   0 , y0   2 .
dt dt
18. Find a cosine series in the range of 0,  for
 
x 0x
 2
f x    .
  x 
  x 
2
 
x 0x
2
f x    –ØS 0,  Ãa]À öPõø\ß öuõhº
  x   x  
 2
PõsP.

5 F–6982
 x x  a
19. Find the Fourier transform of f x    .
0 x  a

x x  a
f x    –ØS L§›¯º E¸©õØÓ® PõsP.
0 x  a

20. Solve the difference equation yn  3  3 yn  1  2 yn   0

where y0   4, y1  0 and y2  8 .
yn  3  3 yn  1  2 yn   0 GßÓ ÷ÁÖ£õmka
\©ß£õmøhz wºUP CvÀ y0   4, y1  0 ©ØÖ® y2  8 .
_____________

6 F–6982
 F–6983 Sub. Code
7BMA4C2

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Fourth Semester

Mathematics

LINEAR ALGEBRA

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all the questions.

1. Define a Vector Space.

öÁUhº öÁÎø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

2. What is span of a set?

J¸ Pnzvß }mh® GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

3. Define : Linear independence.

Áøμ¯Ö : ÷|›¯À \õº£ØÓx.

4. What is a rank?
uμ® GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

5. Define : Inner product space.

Áøμ¯Ö : Emö£¸UPÀ öÁÎ.

6. What is an orthogonal complement?

ö\[Szx {쨤 GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

7. Define symmetric matrix.

\©a^º Aoø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.
8. Define rank of a matrix.
J¸ Ao°ß uμzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

1 2 
9. Find the characteristic equation of   .
3 4 
1 2 
  &ß ]Ó¨¤¯À¦ \©ß£õmøhU PõsP.
3 4 

10. State Cayley-Hamilton Theorem.

öP´¼ ÷íªÀhß ÷uØÓzøu GÊxP.

Part B (5  5 = 25)
Answer all the questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Prove that the intersection of two subspaces of a

vector space is a subspace.
öÁUhº öÁ롧 C¸ EÒöÁÎPÎß öÁmk Pn•®
J¸ EÒöÁÎ GÚ {ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Prove that T : R2  R2 defined by
T a, b  2a  3b, a  4b is a linear
transformation.
T a, b  2a  3b, a  4b
GÚ Áøμ¯ÖUP¨£mh
2 2
T :R R Gߣx J¸ ÷|›¯À E¸©õØÓ® GÚ
{ÖÄP.
12. (a) Prove that the vectors 1, 2, 1 , 2, 1, 0 and
1,  1, 2 are linearly independent.
öÁUhºPÒ 1, 2, 1 , 2, 1, 0  ©ØÖ® 1,  1, 2
GߣøÁ ÷|›¯À \õº£ØÓøÁ GÚ {ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Prove : If V  A  B then dim V  dim A  dim B .
{ÖÄP : V  A  B GÛÀ dim V  dim A  dim B .
2 F–6983
13. (a) Obtain the matrix of the linear transformation
T  V2 R   V2 R  defined by T a, b   b, a 
w.r.to standard basis.
ÁÇUP©õÚ AiUPnzøu¨ ö£õ¸zx
T a, b   b, a  GÚ Áøμ¯ÖUP¨£mh ÷|›¯À
E¸©õØÓ® T  V2 R   V2 R  &ß Aoø¯¨ ö£ÖP.
Or
(b) State and prove Schwartz’s inequality.
ìSÁõºmêß \©Ûßø©ø¯ TÔ {ÖÄP.
3 3 4
 
14. (a) Find the inverse of  2  3 4  .
0  1 1 
 
3 3 4
 
 2  3 4  &ß ÷|º©õÖ PõsP.
0  1 1 
 
Or
(b) Show that the system of equations x  2 y  z  11 ;
4 x  6 y  5z  8 ; 2x  2 y  3z  19 is inconsistent.
x  2 y  z  11 ; 4 x  6 y  5z  8 ; 2x  2 y  3z  19
GßÓ \©ß£õkPÎß öuõS¨¦ JÆÄø©¯ØÓx
GÚUPõmkP.
15. (a) Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for the matrix
1 2  1 
 
A  1 1 2  .
2 4  2
 
1 2  1 
 
Ao A   1 1 2  &ØS öP´¼ ÷íªÀhß
2 4  2
 
÷uØÓzøua \›£õºUP.
Or
(b) Define the following terms with an example :
(i) Bilinear form (ii) Quadratic form.
RÌÁ¸® EÖ¨¦PøÍ J¸ GkzxUPõmkhß Áøμ¯Ö :
(i) C¸©õÔ ÁiÁ® (ii) C¸£i ÁiÁ®.
3 F–6983
 Part C (3  10 = 30)
Answer any three questions.

16. State and prove fundamental theorem of homomorphism.

ö\¯À©õÓõU ÷Põºzu¼ß Ai¨£øhz ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

17. Prove that any two bases of a finite dimensional vector

space have the same number of elements.
J¸ •iÄÖ £›©õn•ÒÍ öÁUhº öÁ롧 G¢u C¸
AiUPn[PЮ \© GsoUøP°À EÖ¨¦Pøͨ
ö£ØÔ¸US® GÚ {ÖÄP.

18. Let V be a finite dimensional inner product space. Let W

be a subspace of V. Then prove that V  W  W  .
V Gߣx J¸ •iÄÖ £›©õn® öPõsh Emö£¸UPÀ öÁÎ
GßP. W Gߣx Vß EÒöÁÎ GÛÀ V  W  W  GÚ
{ÖÄP.
1 2  1 3 
 
19. Find the rank :  2 4 1  2  .
3 6 3  7
 
1 2  1 3 
 
uμzøuU PõsP :  2 4 1  2  .
3 6 3  7
 

20. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix
8 2  2
 
A 3 3  1 .
 24 8  6 

 8 2  2
 
Ao A   3 3  1  &ß IPß ©v¨¦PÒ ©ØÖ® IPß
 24 8  6 
 
öÁUhºPøÍU PõsP.
————————

4 F–6983
 F-6984 Sub. Code
7BMA5C1

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL – 2022

Fifth Semester

Mathematics

REAL ANALYSIS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define a bounded set in a metric space.

J¸ ö©m›U öÁΰÀ Á쮦øh¯ Pnzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

2. State Minkowski’s Inequality

ªß öPÍìQ°ß \©Ûßø©ø¯U TÖP.

3. Define limit point.

GÀø»¨¦ÒÎø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

4. Define dense set and give an example.

Ahºzv¯õÚ Pnzøu Áøμ¯Özx J¸ GkzxUPõmk öPõk.

5. Define uniform continuity.

^μõÚ öuõhºa]ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

6. Define homeomorphism.
ÁiöÁõ¨¦ø©ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.
7. Define a connected space.
J¸ Cøn¢u öÁÎø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

8. Give an example of a disconnected space.

Cøn¨£ØÓ öÁÎUS J¸ GkzxUPõmk öPõk.

9. Show that every finite subset of any metric space is

compact.
G¢u J¸ ö©m›U öÁΰ¾® JÆöÁõ¸ •iÄÖ EmPn•®
Pa]u©õÚx GÚ {ÖÄP.

10. Define a compact metric space.

J¸ Pa]u©õÚ ö©m›U öÁÎø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Show that finite union of open sets is open.

vÓ¢u Pn[PÎß •iÄÖ ÷\º¨¦® vÓ¢ux GÚU Põmk.

Or
(b) State and prove Holders inequality.
÷íõÀh›ß \©Ûßø©ø¯U TÔ {ÖÄP.

12. (a) Show that x is a limit point of A if and only if

every neighbourhood of x contains infinitely many
distinct points.
x BÚx A °ß GÀø»¨¦ÒÎ BÁuØS ÷uøÁ¯õÚ
©ØÖ® ÷£õx©õÚ {£¢uøÚ x ß JÆöÁõ¸
Asø©¯•® GsnØÓ uÛzu ¦ÒÎPøͨ
ö£ØÔ¸¨£uõS® GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or

2 F-6984
 (b) If A and B are sets of the first category, show that
A  B is also the first category.
A ©ØÖ® B •uÀ ÁøP°Ú Pn[PÒ GÛÀ A  B
•uÀ ÁøP°Ú® GÚU PõmkP.

13. (a) Show that the constant function is continuous.

©õÔ¼a \õº¦ öuõhºa]¯õÚx GÚUPõmk.

Or
(b) Show that the identity function is continuous.
\©Ûa\õº¦ öuõhºa]¯õÚx GÚUPõmk.

14. (a) Show that continuous image of a connected space is

connected.
J¸ Cøn¢u öÁ롧 öuõhºa]¯õÚ ¤®£®
öuõhºa]¯õÚx GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) If A is a connected subset of the metric space M,
and A  B  A show that B is connected.

A BÚx ö©m›UöÁÎ M–ß J¸ Cøn¢u EmPn®

©ØÖ® A  B  A GÛÀ B Cøn¢ux GÚ {ÖÄP.

15. (a) Show that the product of two compact spaces is

compact.
C¸ Pa]u öÁÎPÎß ö£¸UP¾® Pa]u©õÚx GÚ
{ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Show that closed subset of a compact metric space is
compact.
J¸ Pa]u©õÚ öÁ롧 ‰i¯ EmPn® Pa]u©õÚx
GÚ PõmkP.
3 F-6984
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Prove the following :

(a) The set of all rational numbers Q is countable.
(b) The countable union of countable sets is countable.
RÌÁ¸ÁÚÁØøÓ {ÖÄP :
(A) ÂQu•Ö GsPÎß Pn® Q GsohzuUPx GÚ
{ÖÄP.
(B) GsohzuUP Pn[PÎß GsohzuUP ÷\º¨¦®
GsohzuUPx GÚ {ÖÄP.

17. Prove :
(a) Any intersection of closed sets is closed.
(b) Finite union of closed sets is again closed.
{ÖÄP :
(A) ‰i¯ Pn[PÎß G¢u J¸ öÁmk® ‰i¯x
(B) ‰i¯ Pn[PÎß •iÄÖ ÷\º¨¦ ‰i¯x.

18. Prove that f  g and f  g are continuous if f and g are

continuous.
f ©ØÖ® g öuõhºa] GÛÀ f  g ©ØÖ® f  g
öuõhºa]¯õÚx GÚ {ÖÄP.

19. Show that A  R is connected if and only if A is an

interval.
A  R Cøn¢uuõP C¸¨£uØS ÷uøÁ¯õÚ ©ØÖ®
÷£õx©õÚ {£¢uøÚ A J¸ CøhöÁίõP C¸zu»õS® GÚ
{ÖÄP.

20. Show that a continuous function defined on a compact

space is uniformly continuous.
J¸ Pa]u©õÚ öÁ롧 «x Áøμ¯ÖUP¨£mh J¸
öuõhºa]¯õÚ \õº¦, ^μõÚ öuõhºa] GÚ {ÖÄP.

————————

4 F-6984
 F–6985 Sub. Code
7BMA5C2

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Fifth Semester

Mathematics

STATISTICS – I

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Section A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define : Arithmetic mean.

Áøμ¯Ö : Tmk \μõ\›.

2. Write the formula for ‘  ’.

‘  ’ ØPõÚ `zvμzøu GÊxP.

3. Define r th central moment.

r BÁx ø©¯¨ ö£¸UPzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

4. State the formula for Bowley’s coefficient of skewness.

ö£Í¼°ß ÷PõmhU öPÊÂØPõÚ `zvμzøuU TÖP.

5. What is perfect correlation?

ö\Ư JmkÓÄ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?
6. Prove :    bxy byx .

{ÖÄP :    bxy byx .

2 x 3
7. Evaluate taking h  1 .
Ex 2

2 x 3
h  1 GÚU öPõsk I ©v¨¤kP.
Ex 2

8. Prove : ( AB )  ( ABC )  ( ABr ) .

{ÖÄP : ( AB )  ( ABC )  ( ABr ) .

9. Write the formula for Fisher’s index number.

¤å›ß SÔ±mk GsoØPõÚ `zvμzøu GÊxP.

10. What are the components of a time series?

Põ»z öuõhºPÎß TÖPÒ ¯õøÁ?

Section B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all the questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Find the median.

Cøh{ø» AÍÄ PõsP
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
f 8 10 11 16 20 25 15 9 6

Or
(b) Find the coefficient of variation :
©õÖ£õmkU öPÊøÁU PõsP.
20, 22, 27, 30, 40, 48, 45, 32, 31, 35
2 F–6985
12. (a) Derive the relation between r and r .
r ©ØÖ® r CøÁPÐUS Cøh°»õÚ öuõhºø£z
u¸Â.

Or
(b) Find Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness.
PõºÀ ¤¯º\Ûß ÷PõmhU öPÊøÁU PõsP.
Wage 10 11 12 13 14 15
T¼
Frequency 2 4 10 8 5 1
Aø»öÁs

13. (a) Find correlation coefficient.

JmkÓÄU öPÊ PõsP
x 3 4 6 7 10
y 9 11 14 15 16

Or
(b) Find the rank correlation coefficient.
uμ JmkÓÄ öPÊ PõsP.
P 35 56 50 65 44 38 44 50 15 26
Q 50 35 70 25 25 58 75 60 55 35

14. (a) Find v3 from the data given below.

öPõkUP¨£mh uPÁÀPμ¸¢x v3 PõsP.

x 0 1 2 5
vx 2 3 12 147

Or

3 F–6985
 (b) If ( A )  ( )  ( B )  (  )  N / 2 prove that

(i) ( AB )  ( )

(ii) ( A )  (B )

( A )  ( )  ( B )  (  )  N / 2 GÛÀ

(i) ( AB )  ( )

(ii) ( A )  (B ) GÚ {ÖÄP.

15. (a) Find aggregate index number of 1991 taking 1990

as the base.

1990I Ai¨£øh¯õPU öPõsk 1991ß ö©õzuU

SÔ±mk Gs PõsP.
Commodities Price in 1990 Price in 1991
ö£õ¸mPÒ 1990À Âø» 1991À Âø»

A 50 70

B 40 60

C 80 90

D 110 120

E 20 20

Or

(b) Explain measurement of trends.

÷£õUSPøÍ AÍÂkuø» ÂÁ›.

4 F–6985
 Section C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Find mean, median and mode.

\μõ\›, Cøh{ø» AÍÄ ©ØÖ® •Pk PõsP.

Class 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29
ÁS¨¦

Frequency 3 5 10 20
{PÌöÁs

Class 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49

ÁS¨¦

Frequency 12 6 3 1
{PÌöÁs

17. Fit the curve y  ab x

y  ab x ÁøÍÁøμø¯ ö£õ¸zxP.

x 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957

y 201 263 314 395 427 504 612

18. If the regression lines are 4 x  5 y  33  0 and

20x  9 y  107  0 , and if  y2  16 find x , y , rxy and  x .

4 x  5 y  33  0 ©ØÖ® 20x  9 y  107  0 Gß£Ú J¸

÷£õUSU ÷PõkPÒ ©ØÖ®  y2  16 GÛÀ x , y , rxy ©ØÖ®  x
PõsP.

5 F–6985
19. Find the value of  when
(a) x  42
(b) x  38
(A) x  42
(B) x  38 GÝ® ÷£õx  ß ©v¨¦ PõsP.
x 40 50 60 70 80 90
 184 204 226 250 276 304

20. Find all weighted index numbers.

AøÚzx {øÓ°mh SÔ±mk GsPøÍ PõsP.
Commodity Base Year Current Year
ö£õ¸Ò Ai¨£øh Bsk |h¨£õsk
Price Quantity Price Quantity
Âø» AÍÄ Âø» AÍÄ
A 6 50 10 56
B 2 100 2 120
C 4 60 6 60
D 10 30 12 24
E 8 40 12 26

————————

6 F–6985
 F–6986 Sub. Code
7BMA5C3

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Fifth Semester

Mathematics

OPERATIONS RESEARCH — I

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10 × 2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Write any two features of O.R.

O.R. ß Cμsk A®\[PøÍ GÊxP.

2. Define: L.P.P.
Áøμ¯Ö. L.P.P.

3. Define: surplus variable.

Áøμ¯Ö : E£› ©õÔ.

4. Write the dual problem:

C¸©U PnUøP GÊxP.
Max Z = 5x1 + 3x2
S.t.
3x1 + 5x2 ≤15
5x1 + 2x 2 ≤10
x1 , x2 ≥ 0
5. What is a Transportation Problem?
÷£õUSÁμzxU PnUS GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

6. Define : Initial basic feasible solution.

Áøμ¯Ö : B쮣 Ai¨£øh Cø\¢u wºÄ.

7. Define : Assignment Problem.

Áøμ¯Ö : JxURmkU PnUS.

8. What is a balanced Assignment problem?

\©©õÚ JxURmk PnUS GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

9. What is a sequencing Problem?

Á›ø\ ©õØÖU PnUS GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

10. Define : Total elapsed time and idle time.

Áøμ¯Ö : ö©õzuU Ph¢u ÷|μ® ©ØÖ® ÷Áø»¯ØÓ ÷|μ®.

Part B (5 × 5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Explain Simplex method in detail.

uÛ £ß•P •øÓø¯ ›ÁõP ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Show that the following system of linear equations

has a degenerate solution
RÌPõq® J¸ £i \©ß£õkPÎß Aø©¨¦US J¸
]øu¢u wºÄ C¸US® GÚ {ÖÄP.
2x1 + x 2 − x 3 = 2
3x1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 3

2 F–6986
12. (a) Explain Charnes Big M method.

\õºßì ö£›¯ M •øÓø¯ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Prove that the dual of the dual is primal.

J¸ C¸©zvß C¸©® •uß©® GÚ {ÖÄP.

13. (a) Solve using North West Corner Rule:

Áh÷©ØS ‰ø» Âvø¯¨ £¯ß£kzvz wºUP

A B C D Supply/ÁÇ[PÀ

S1 5 3 6 2 19

S2 4 7 9 1 37

S3 3 4 7 5 34

Demand/÷uøÁ 16 18 31 25

Or

(b) Explain Least Cost method

«a]Ö ö\»ÂÚ •øÓø¯ ÂÁ›.

14. (a) Write the Mathematical formulation of an

Assignment Problem.

JxURmkU PnUQß Pou Aø©¨ø£ GÊxP.

Or

3 F–6986
 (b) Solve the following assignment Problem:
RÌÁ¸® JxURmk PnUøP wºUP:
E F G H

A 18 26 17 11

B 13 28 14 26

C 38 19 18 15

D 19 26 24 10

15. (a) Solve the following sequencing problem :

RÌÁ¸® Á›ø\©õØÖU PnUøP wºUP:
Job ÷Áø»
A B C D E F
Machines M1 3 12 18 9 15 6
C¯¢vμ[PÒ M2 9 18 24 24 3 15

Or
(b) Solve the following sequencing problem :
RÌÁ¸® Á›ø\©õØÖU PnUøP wºUP:
Job ÷Áø»
A B C D E F G
Machines M1 3 8 7 4 9 8 7
C¯¢vμ[PÒ M2 4 3 2 5 1 4 3
M3 6 7 5 11 5 6 12

Part C (3 × 10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Explain the advantages and limitations of O.R. models.

O.R. ©õv›PÎß |ßø©PÒ ©ØÖ® Á쮦PøÍ ÂÍUSP.

4 F–6986
17. Use dual simplex method to solve the following L.P.P.
RÌÁ¸® L.P.P.&I C¸© £ß•P •øÓø¯¨ £¯ß£kzvz
wºUP :
Max Z = 2x3
Subject to
− x 1 + 2x 2 − 2 x 3 ≥ 8
− x1 + x 2 + x 3 ≤ 4
2x 1 − x 2 + 4 x 3 ≤ 10
x1 , x 2 , x 3 ≥ 0

18. Find the optimal solution to the following T.P. :

RÌPõq® T.P.&°ß Ezu© wºÄ PõsP
A B C D Supply/ÁÇ[PÀ

I 6 1 9 3 70

II 11 5 2 8 55

III 10 12 4 7 90

Demand/÷uøÁ 85 35 50 45

19. Find the optimum Assignment schedule:

JxURmk PnUøPz Ezu© wºÄUS wºUP :
1 2 3 4 5

A 8 4 2 6 1

B 0 9 5 5 4

C 3 8 9 2 6

D 4 3 1 0 3

E 9 5 8 9 5

5 F–6986
20. Find the minimum elapsed total time of 2 jobs and 5
machines using graphic method
Machines
Job 1 Sequence A B C D E
time (in hrs) 6 8 4 12 4
Job 2 Sequence B C A D E
time (in hrs) 10 8 6 4 12
Cμsk ÷Áø»PÒ ©ØÖ® I¢x C¯¢vμ[PÎÀ «a]Ö
ö©õzu Põ» ÷|μzøu PnUQkÁuØS Áøμ£h •øÓø¯
£¯ß£kzxP.
C¯¢vμ[PÒ
÷Áø» 1 Á›ø\ A B C D E
÷|μ® (©oPÎÀ) 6 8 4 12 4
÷Áø» 2 Á›ø\ B C A D E
÷|μ® (©oPÎÀ) 10 8 6 4 12

———————

6 F–6986
 F–6987 Sub. Code
7BMAE1A

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022

Fifth Semester

Mathematics

Elective : GRAPH THEORY

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

2q
1. Prove:   .
p
2q
{ÖÄP :   .
p

2. Define: Isomorphism.
\©J¨¦ø©ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

3. Define : Connectivity.
Áøμ¯Ö : Cøn¨¦ø©.

4. Define : n -connected graph and n-line connected graph.

Áøμ¯Ö : n -&Cøn¢u Áøμ¦ ©ØÖ® n -&Âή¦ Cøn¢u
Áøμ¦.

5. Define: Eccentricity and central point.

Áøμ¯Ö : ø©¯U÷Põmh® ©ØÖ® ø©¯¨¦ÒÎ.
6. Define : matching and perfect matching.

Áøμ¯Ö : ö£õ¸zuÀ ©ØÖ® ö\Ư ö£õ¸zuÀ.

7. What do you mean by planar and non-planar graph?

\©uÍ ©ØÖ® \©uÍ©ØÓ Áøμ¦ £ØÔ } AÔÁx ¯õx?

8. Give two examples of non-planar graphs.

\©uÍ©ØÓ Áøμ¦PÐUS C¸ GkzxUPõmkPÒ öPõk.

9. What is a directed graph? Give an example.

vø\°mh Áøμ¦ GßÓõÀ GßÚ? J¸ GkzxUPõmk öPõk.

10. What do you mean by tournament and score?

÷£õmi ©ØÖ® ©v¨ö£s £ØÔ } AÔÁx ¯õx?

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Prove that any self complementary graph has 4n

(or) 4n  1 points.

G¢u J¸ uß {쨦 Áøμ¤¾® 4n AÀ»x 4n  1

¦ÒÎPÒ C¸US® GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or

(b) Prove :     p .

{ÖÄP :     p .

2 F–6987
 p 1
12. (a) Show that a graph G with p points and  
2
is connected.
p 1
p ¦ÒÎPÒ ö£ØÖ®   GÚÄ® EÒÍ J¸
2
Áøμ¦ G Cøn¢ux GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Prove that if G is a graph in which the degree of
every vertex is at least 2 then G contains a cycle.
J¸ Áøμ¦ G &À JÆöÁõ¸ •øÚ°ß £i²®
SøÓ¢ux 2 GÛÀ G J¸ _ØøÓ¨ ö£ØÔ¸US® GÚ
{¹¤.

13. (a) Find the number of perfect matching in the

Complete Graph K 2n .
•Ê Áøμ¦ K 2n ß ö\Ư ö£õ¸zu[PÎß
GsoUøPø¯U PõsP.

Or
(b) State and Prove Hall’s Marriage Theorem.
íõÀì v¸©n ÷uØÓzøu TÔ {ÖÄP.

14. (a) In any connected planar  p, q  graph  p  3 with r

3r
faces show that q  and q  3 p  6 .
2
r •P[PÒ öPõsh G¢u J¸ Cøn¢u \©uÍ  p, q  ,

 p  3 Áøμ¤ØS® q  3r ©ØÖ® q  3 p  6
2
GÚU Põmk.

Or
(b) Show that every uniquely n -colourable graph is
n  1 connected.
uÛzu n -ÁsnªhzuUP Áøμ¦ JÆöÁõßÖ® n  1
Cøn¢ux GÚ {ÖÄP.

3 F–6987
15. (a) If G is a tree with a points with n  2 then show
that f G ,       1
n 1
.

G Gߣx n ¦ÒÎPÒ n  2 öPõsh J¸ ©μ® GÛÀ

f G ,       1
n 1
GÚ {ÖÄP.

Or
(b) Prove that the coefficients of f G ,   alternate in
sign.
f G ,   &ß SnP[PÎß SÔ Akzukzx ©õÖ£k® GÚ
{ÖÄP.

Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Show that the maximum number of lines among all p

 p2 
point graphs with no triangles is   .
4 
•U÷Põn[PÒ AØÓ p ¦ÒÎ Áøμ¦PÎÀ «¨ö£¸
 p2 
Âή¦PÎß GsoUøP   GÚUPõmkP.
4 

17. Show that the following statements are equivalent for a

connected graph G .

(a) G is Eulerian.

(b) Every point of G has even degree.

(c) The set of edges of G can be partitioned into cycles.

4 F–6987
 J¸ Cøn¢u Áøμ¦ G À RÌ Á¸® TØÖPÒ \©õÚ©õÚøÁ
GÚ {ÖÄP.
(A) G J¸ B´»›¯ß
(B) G ß JÆöÁõ¸ •øÚ²® Cμmøh¨£i Eøh¯x.
(C) G ß Âή¦PÎß Pn® _ØÖUPÍõP TÔhzuUPx.

18. Show that the following statements are equivalent in a

 p, q  graph G .
(a) G is a tree.

(b) Every two points of G are joined by a unique path.

(c) G is connected and p  q  1 .

(d) G is acyclic and p  q  1 .

J¸  p, q  Áøμ¦ G À RÌ Á¸® TØÖPÒ \©õÚ©õÚøÁ GÚ

{ÖÄP.

(A) G J¸ ©μ®.

(B) G ß G¢u C¸ ¦ÒÎPЮ J¸ uÛzu £õøu¯õÀ

CønUP¨£k®.

(C) G Cøn¢ux ©ØÖ® p  q  1 .

(D) G _ØÓØÓx ©ØÖ® p  q  1 .

19. Prove :  K n   n if n is odd n  1 and  K n   n  1 if

n is even.

{ÖÄP : n JØøÓ n  1 GÛÀ  K n   n ©ØÖ® n

Cμmøh GÛÀ  K n   n  1 .

5 F–6987
20. Prove that the edges of a connected graph G  V , E  can
be oriented so that the resulting digraph is strongly
connected if every edge of G is contained in at least one
cycle.
G ß JÆöÁõ¸ Âή¦® SøÓ¢ux J¸ _ØÔÀ
Aø©¢v¸¢uõÀ, ÂøÍÄ vø\Áøμ£õÚx Á¼ø©¯õP
Cønzv¸US©õÖ J¸ Cøn¢u Áøμ¦ G  V , E  ß
Âή¦PøÍ vø\°h •i²® GÚ {ÖÄP.

————————

6 F–6987
 F–6988 Sub. Code
7BMAE2A

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Fifth Semester

Mathematics

Elective — NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all the questions.

1. Define transcendental equation and give an example.

iμõß]ßöhßhÀ \©ß£õmøh Áøμ¯Özx Euõμn® öPõk.

2. Show that a root of x 3  x  1  0 lies between 1 and 2.

x 3  x  1  0 GßÓ \©ß£õmiß J¸ ‰»® 1&US® 2US®

Cøh°À Aø©²® GÚUPõmk.

3. Prove that 3 y0  y3  3 y2  3 y1  y0 .

3 y0  y3  3 y2  3 y1  y0 GÚ {ÖÄP.

4. Write down the Newton’s forward interpolation formula.

{³mhÛß •ß÷ÚõUS Cøhaö\¸uÀ `zvμzøu GÊxP.

5. State the Simpson’s rule.

]®\ßì Âvø¯U TÖP.

6. State the trapezoidal rule.
iμõ]\õ´hÀ Âv°øÚU TÖP.

7. What is method of factorization?

Põμo¨£kzx® •øÓ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

8. State Gauss-Seidal method.

Põì&^hÀ •øÓø¯ TÖ.

9. Write the nth approximation formula of Picard’s method.

¤UPõmì •øÓ°ß n&BÁx ÷uõμõ¯ ©v¨ø£ Põq®
`zvμzøu GÊxP.

10. Write down the formula for Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta

method.
|õßPõ® £i μ[÷P&Smhõ `zvμ® GÊxP.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Find the root of the equation x 3  3x  5  0 by the

method of false position.
x 3  3x  5  0 GßÓ \©ß£õmiß ‰»zøu ¤øÇ{ø»
•øÓ°À PõsP.

Or
(b) Find a real root of the equation x 3  2x  5  0
correct to 4 decimal places by Newton Raphson
Method.
x 3  2x  5  0 \©ß£õmiß ö©´ ‰»zøu |õßS u\©
v¸zu©õP {³mhß μõ¨éß •øÓ°À PõsP.

2 F–6988
12. (a) Using Newtons forward difference formula, find the
value of f 2 from the following table.
x 4 5 7 10 11 13
f(x) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

{³mhÛß •ß÷ÚõUS ÷ÁÖ£õk •øÓø¯¨

£¯ß£kzv, ¤ßÁ¸® AmhÁøn°¼¸¢x f 2 ß
©v¨ø£U PõsP.
x 4 5 7 10 11 13
f(x) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

Or
(b) Using Lagrange’s formula find the function f x 
from the following :
x 0 2 3 6
f(x) 659 705 729 804

»Uμõßâß `zvμ® £¯ß£kzv RÌUPshÁØÔ¼¸¢x

f x  PõsP.
x 0 2 3 6
f(x) 659 705 729 804

1
dx
13. (a) Evaluate 1 x
0
2
, using Trapezoidal rule with

h  0.2 .
1
dx
iμõ¤\õ´hÀ Âvø¯¨ £¯ß£kzv 1 x
0
2
I, h  0.2

GÚUöPõsk ©v¨¤kP.

Or

3 F–6988
 3
1
(b) Evaluate  x dx , using Simpson’s rule.
4

3
3
3
1
 x dx PõsP.
4
]®¨éß Âv¨£i
3 3

14. (a) Solve the system 2x  y  z  10 , 3x  2 y  3z  18 ,

x  4 y  9z  16 by using Gauss Elimination
method.
Põêß }UPÀ •øÓø¯ £¯ß£kzv 2x  y  z  10 ,
3x  2 y  3z  18 , x  4 y  9z  16 GßÓ Aø©¨ø£z
wºUP.

Or
(b) Solve the system 5x  2 y  z  4 , 7x  y  5z  8 ,
3x  7 y  4 z  10 by using Gauss-Jordon Method.

Põì ÷áõºhõß •øÓø¯ £¯ß£kzv 5x  2 y  z  4 ,

7x  y  5z  8 , 3x  7 y  4 z  10 GßÓ \©ß£õkPøÍ
wºUP.

15. (a) Use Taylor series method, find y0.1 to four

decimal places from y'  x  y ; y0   1 .2

y'  x  y 2 ; y0   1 &¼¸¢x

|õßS u\© y0.1 I
ìuõÚ[PÎÀ öh´»º öuõhº•øÓø¯¨ £¯ß£kzvU
PõsP.

Or
(b) Solve y'  x  y ; y0   1 by Picard’s method, find
y0.2 .

¤UPõºiß •øÓ ‰»® y'  x  y ; y0   1 wºUP,

y0.2 &IU PõsP.

4 F–6988
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Find the root of x sin x  cos x  0 to three decimal places

by Newton Raphson Method.
{³mhß&μõ¨\ß •øÓ ‰»® 3 u\© ìuõÚ[PÐUS
x sin x  cos x  0 ß ‰»® PõsP.

17. Using Newtons forward interpolation formula find

y1895  from the following :
x 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
y 46 66 81 93 101

{³mhÛß •ß÷ÚõUS Cøhaö\¸PÀ Áõ´¨£õmøh

£¯ß£kzv RÌUPshÁØÔ¼¸¢x y1895  &ß ©v¨ø£U
PõsP.
x 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931
y 46 66 81 93 101

1
1 3
18. Evaluate  1  x dx
0
by Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s
8
rule.
1
3 1
iμõ¤\õ´hÀ ©ØÖ® ]®\ß
8
•øÓPÎÀ  1  x dx ß
0

©v¨ø£U PõsP.

19. Find the solution, to three decimals of the system

83x  11 y  4 z  95
7x  52 y  13z  104
3x  8 y  29 z  71
using Gauss-Seidal methods.

5 F–6988
 83x  11 y  4 z  95
7x  52 y  13z  104
3x  8 y  29 z  71
GßÓ \©ß£õmkUS Põì ^hÀ •øÓø¯ £¯ß£kzv ‰ßÖ
u\©¯[PÎÀ wºÄ PõsP.

dy
20. Solve  1  y 2 , y0   0 take h  0.2 , using Runge-
dx
Kutta fourth order formula y0.2 and y0.4  .

dy
 1  y 2 , y0   0 ©ØÖ® h  0.2 GÛÀ μ[÷P Smhõ
dx
|õßPõ® Á›ø\ `zvμ® £¯ß£kzv y0.2 ©ØÖ® y0.4  &ß
©v¨ø£U PõsP.

————————

6 F–6988
 F–6989 Sub. Code
7BMA6C1

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Sixth Semester

Mathematics

MECHANICS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Section A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. State parallelogram law of forces.

Âø\PÎß CønPμ Âvø¯U TÖP.

2. What is unlike parallel forces?

Gvöμvº Cøn Âø\PÒ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

3. Define coefficient of friction.

Eμõ´ÄU öPÊøÁ Áøμ¯Ö.

4. Define the Common Catenary.

\õuõμn \[Q¼¯zøu Áøμ¯Ö.

5. Define the angle of projection.

GÔö£õ¸Ò ÷Põnzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

6. Write down the formula for greatest distance of the

projectile from the inclined plane.
\õ´uÍzvß ÷©À GÔxPÒ Aøh²® AvP yμzvØPõÚ
`zvμzøu GÊxP.
7. Define implusive force.
E¢x Âø\ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

8. Define an oblique impact.

\õ´ÁõÚ ÷©õuø» Áøμ¯Ö.

9. Define an equiangular spiral.

\©÷Põn _¸Ò Áøμ¯Ö.

10. Define central force.

ø©¯ Âø\ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

Section B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) State and prove Triangle Law of Forces.

Âø\PÎß •U÷Põn Âvø¯U TÔ {¹¤.
Or
(b) State and prove Lami’s Theorem.
»õª°ß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.

12. (a) If three coplanar forces acting on a rigid body, keep

it in equilibrium. Show that they must either be
concurrent or be all parallel.
J¸ PmiÖUP¨ ö£õ¸Îß «x ö\¯À£k® ‰ßÖ J¸
uÍ Âø\PÒ K´Ä {ø»°À C¸¢uõÀ AøÁ J¸
¦ÒΰÀ ö\¯À£k® Âø\PÍõP÷Áõ AÀ»x
AøÚzx® Cøn Âø\PÍõP÷Áõ C¸US® GÚ
{ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Show that the tension at any point of a catenary is
T  WY .
\[Q¼¯zvß G¢u ¦ÒΰÀ C¸US® CÊÂø\
T  WY GÚ {¹¤.

2 F–6989
13. (a) Obtain the range on an inclined plane of a
projectile.
\õ´uÍzvß Kº GÔö£õ¸Îß Ãaø\U PõsP.
Or
(b) Find the maximum range of an inclined plane.
J¸ xPÒ \õ´uÍzvÀ CÓ[S® ÷£õx Auß «¨ö£¸
Ãaø\ PõsP.
14. (a) Find the velocities of two smooth spheres after a
direct impact between them.
Cμsk ÁÇÁǨ£õÚ ÷PõÍ[PÒ JßÖUöPõßÖ
÷|μi¯õP ÷©õxQÓx GÛÀ ÷©õu¾US¨¤ß
÷PõÍ[PÎß vø\ ÷ÁP[PøÍU PõsP.
Or
(b) A ball of mass 8 gm moving with a velocity of 10 cm
per sec. impinges directly on another of mass 24 gm
moving of 2 cm per sec in the same direction. If
1
e  , find the velocities after impact. Also calculate
2
the loss of kinetic energy.
ÂÚõiUS 10 ö\.«. vø\÷ÁPzxhß |Pº¢x
öPõsi¸US® 8 Qμõ® {øÓ²ÒÍ J¸ £¢x A÷u
vø\°À ÂÚõiUS 24 Qμõ® {øÓ²ÒÍ ©ØöÓõ¸
1
£¢xhß ÷|›À ÷©õxQÓx. e  BP C¸¨¤ß,
2
÷©õu¾US¨¤ß AÁØÔÀ vø\÷ÁP[PøÍ PõsP.
©ØÖ® C¯UP BØÓ¼À HØ£k® CǨø£²®
PnUQkP.
15. (a) A particles describes the orbit r n  a n cos n under a
central force, find the law of force.
J¸ xPÒ ø©¯ Âø\°ß RÌ r n  a n cos n GßÓ
£õøu°À C¯[SQßÓx GÛÀ Auß Âø\ Âvø¯U
PõsP.
Or
(b) Derive the Pedal equation of a central orbit.
ø©¯Âø\¨ £õøu°ß £õu \©ß£õmøh PõsP.
3 F–6989
 Section C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. State and prove Varignon’s Theorem.

÷Á›PÛß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {¹¤.

17. Obtain the Cartesian equation of the Catenary.

\[Q¼¯zvß Põºj]¯ß \©ß£õk PõsP.

18. Prove that the path of a projectile is parabola.

J¸ GÔö£õ¸Îß £õøu £μÁøͯ® GÚ {ÖÄP.

19. Find the loss of kinetic energy due to oblique impact of

two smooth spheres.
Cμsk ÁÇÁǨ£õÚ ÷PõÍ[PÎß \õ´Ä ÷©õu»õÀ HØ£k®
C¯UP BØÓ¼ß CǨ¤øÚ PnUQkP.

20. Derive the differential equation of a central orbit.

ø©¯Âø\°ß RÌ C¯[S® C¯UPzvß ÁøPöPÊ
\©ß£õmøhU PõsP.

————————

4 F–6989
 F–6990 Sub. Code
7BMA6C2

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Sixth Semester

Mathematics

COMPLEX ANALYSIS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

z2  4
1. Evaluate : Lt .
z 2
z 2
z2  4
©v¨¤kP : Lt .
z 2
z 2

2. Prove that the function f z   z is nowhere differentiable.

f z   z GßÓ \õº¦ ÁøPUöPÊ G[S® ÁøP°hzuUPuÀ»

GÚ {ÖÄP.

3. Define Bilinear Transformation.

C¸ ÷|›¯À E¸©õØÓzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

4. Find the invariant points of the transformation

1
w .
z  2i
1
w GßÓ E¸©õØÓzvß, {ø»¨¦ÒÎPøÍU PõsP.
z  2i
 dz
5. Evaluate  z 3
C
where C is z  2  5 .

dz
C Gߣx z  2  5 GÛÀ  z 3
C
IU PõsP.

6. State Liouville’s theorem.

¼÷¯õÂÀ¼ß ÷uØÓzøu GÊxP.
7. State Laurent’s theorem.
»õμßmiß ÷uØÓzøu GÊxP.
8. Define a double pole.
Cμmøh x¸Á ¦ÒÎø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.
9. Find the residue of cot z at z  0 .
cot z &US z  0 &À Ga\® PõsP.
10. State argument theorem.
ÂÁõu ÷uØÓzøu TÖ.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

 xy 2 x  iy 
 , z0
11. (a) Show that the function f z    x 2  y 4 is
0, z 0

not differentiable at z  0 .
 xy 2 x  iy 
 , z0
f z    x 2  y 4 GßÓ \õº¦ z  0 &À
0, z 0

ÁøP°hzuUPuÀ» GÚU PõmkP.
Or
(b) Find an analytic function f z   u  iv if
vx , y   x 4  6x 2 y 2  y 4 .
vx , y   x 4  6x 2 y 2  y 4 GÛÀ f z   u  iv GßÓ
£Sx{» \õºø£U PõsP.

2 F–6990
12. (a) Show that a bilinear transformation having 0 and
 as fixed points is of the form w  az .
0 ©ØÖ®  &I {ø» ¦ÒÎPÍõ´U öPõsh C¸ ÷|›¯À
E¸©õØÓ® w  az GßÓ ÁiÁzvÀ C¸US® GßÖ
{ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Prove that any bilinear transformation preserves
cross ratio.
Kº C¸ ÷|›¯À E¸©õØÓ® SÖUS ÂQuzøu
÷£qQÓx GÚ {ÖÄP.
b b

13. (a) Prove that  f t dt   f t  dt .

a a

b b

 f t dt   f t  dt GÚ {ÖÄP.
a a

Or
(b) State and prove fundamental theorem of algebra.
C¯ØPouzvß Ai¨£øhz ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.
z
14. (a) Find the Laurent’s series for about
z  1z  2
z  2 .
z
z  2 &À &ß »õμßm öuõhøμ GÊxP.
z  1z  2
Or
(b) State and prove Riemann’s theorem.
Ÿ©õß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.
z 1
15. (a) Calculate the residue of at its poles.
z 2  2z
z 1
GßÓ \õº¤ß x¸Á¨ ¦ÒÎPÎÀ Auß
z 2  2z
Ga\zøuU PõsP.
Or
(b) State and prove Rouche’s theorem.
÷μõa]ß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.

3 F–6990
 Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Derive Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian form.

Põæ&Ÿ©õß \©ß£õkPøÍ Põºj]¯ß Aa_PÎÀ u¸Â.

az  b
17. Prove that a bilinear transformation w  where
cz  d
ad  bc  0 maps the real w axis into itself if and only if
a, b, c, d are real.

az  b
w , ad  bc  0 GßÓ C¸£i E¸©õØÓ® z uÍzvß
cz  d
ö©´¯aø\, w uÍzvß ö©´¯a\õP ©õØÓ ÷uøÁ¯õÚ ©ØÖ®
÷£õx©õÚ {£¢uøÚ a, b, c, d Gß£Ú ö©´ö¯sPÍõS®
GÚ {ÖÄP.

18. State and prove Cauchy’s theorem.

Põæ°ß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.

19. State and prove Taylor’s theorem.

öh´»›ß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.

d 2
2

20. Prove that :  1  a sin   ,  1  a  1 .

0 1  a2
d 2
2

{ÖÄP :  1  a sin   ,  1  a  1 .
0 1  a2

————————

4 F–6990
 F–6991 Sub. Code
7BMA6C3

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Sixth Semester

Mathematics

STATISTICS — II

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Section A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define probability.
{PÌuPøÁ Áøμ¯Ö.

2. What is mathematical expectation?

Pou Gvº£õºzuÀ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

3. Define Normal Distribution.

C¯À{ø»¨ £μÁø» Áøμ¯Ö.

4. Define Poisson Distribution.

£õ´\õß £μÁø» Áøμ¯Ö.

5. Define Null Hypothesis.

öÁØÖ Gk÷PõøÍ Áøμ¯Ö.

6. What is Type-I and Type-II error?

ÁøP&I ©ØÖ® ÁøP&I ¤øÇ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?
7. Define Student’s ‘t’ distribution.

©õnÁºPÎß ‘t’ £μÁø» Áøμ¯Ö.

8. State any two properties of F-test.

F&÷\õuøÚ°ß H÷uÝ® Cμsk £s¦PøÍ GÊxP.

9. Write any two uses of Chi-Square Test.

 2 &÷\õuøÚ°ß Cμsk £¯ßPøÍ GÊxP.

10. Define ANOVA.

ANOVA Áøμ¯Ö.

Section B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) If A, B are independent events. Prove that

   
P A  B   1  P A P B .

A, B Gß£Ú \õº£ØÓ {PÌa]PÒ GÛÀ

   
P  A  B   1  P A P B GÚU PõmkP.

Or

(b) A random variable X has the following probability

function :
Value X : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(X) : 0 K 2K 2K 3K K2 2K2 7K2 + K

(i) Find ‘K’.

(ii) Evaluate P X  6  , P X  6  .

2 F–6991
 X GßÓ \©Áõ´¨¦ ©õÔ°ß {PÌuPÄ \õº¦.
©v¨¦ X : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(X) : 0 K 2K 2K 3K K2 2K2 7K2 + K

GÛÀ (i) K&ß ©v¨¦ PõsP.

(ii) P X  6  , P X  6  &IU PõsP.

12. (a) Determine the binomial distribution for which the

8
mean is E X   4 and V X   . Also find it’s mode.
3

8
E X   4 ©ØÖ® V X   öPõsh D¸Ö¨¦ £μÁø»U
3
PõsP. ÷©¾® Auß •PøhU PõsP.

Or
(b) State the properties of normal distribution.
C¯À{ø» £μÁ¼ß £s¦PøÍ GÊxP.

13. (a) A sample of 1000 products from a factory are

examined and found to be 2.5% defective. Another
example of 1500 similar products from another
factory are found to have only 2% defective. Can we
conclude that the products of the first factory are
inferior to those of the second?
J¸ öuõÈØ\õø»°À ÷\õvUP¨£mh 1000 ©õv›PÎÀ
2.5% £ÊuõÚøÁ. C÷u ö£õ¸Ò u¯õ›US® ©ØöÓõ¸
öuõÈØ\õø»°À ÷\õvUP¨£mh 1500 ©õv›PÎÀ 2%
£ÊuõÚøÁ. •uÀ öuõÈØ\õø» ö£õ¸mPÒ
CμshõÁøuÂh uμ® SøÓ¢ux GÚ P¸u •i²©õ?

Or

3 F–6991
 (b) A normal population has a mean of 6.48 and S.D. of
1.5. Is a sample of 400 members mean is 6.75. Is the
difference significant.
C¯À{ø» •Êø© öuõSv \μõ\› 6.48 ©ØÖ® v.Â. 1.5
öPõskÒÍx. 400 EÖ¨¤ÚºPÒ öPõsh ©õv›°ß
\μõ\› 6.75. C¢u ÷ÁÖ£õk ö£õ¸m£kzuUTi¯uõ?

14. (a) A sample of 26 bulbs gives a mean life of 990 hours

with a S.D. of 20 hours. The manufacturer claims
that the mean life of bulbs is 1000 hours. Is the
sample not upto the standard?
26 £À¦PÒ öPõsh ©õv› \μõ\› B²mPõ»® 990
©oPÒ ©ØÖ® 20 ©oPÒ v.Â.&²® öPõkUQÓx.
EØ£zv¯õͺ £À¦PÎß B²mPõ»® 1000 ©oPÍõP
C¸UP ÷ÁskQÓõº. ©õv›PÒ uμzvß AÍÄUS
CÀø»¯õ?

Or
(b) Two random samples drawn from 2 normal
populations are given below. Test whether 2
populations have the same variance.
Sample I 20 16 26 27 23 22 18 24 25 19 – – n = 10
Sample II 17 23 32 25 22 24 28 6 31 33 20 27 n = 12

2 C¯À{ø» CÚ[Pμ¸¢x GkUP¨£mh Cμsk

Áõ´¨¦U TÖPÒ R÷Ç öPõkUP¨£mkÒÍx. 2
CÚ[PЮ J÷μ £μÁØ£i öPõskÒÍÚÁõ GÚ
÷\õvUP.
©õv› I 20 16 26 27 23 22 18 24 25 19 – – n = 10

©õv› II 17 23 32 25 22 24 28 6 31 33 20 27 n = 12

4 F–6991
15. (a) Test the hypothesis that   8 given that S  10 for
a random sample of size 51.

Áõ´¨¦U TÖ ©õv› AÍÄ 51&ØPõÚ S  10 GÚU

öPõkUP¨£mi¸¨¤ß   8 GßÓ Gk÷PõøÍ ÷\õvUP.

Or
(b) Five coins are tossed 320 times. The number of
heads observed is given below. Examine whether
the coin is unbiased.
No. of heads 0 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Frequency 15 45 85 95 60 20 320

I¢x |õn¯[PÒ 320 •øÓ _sh¨£kQÓx.

PshÔ¯¨£mh uø»PÎß GsoUøP R÷Ç
öPõkUP¨£mkÒÍx. |õn¯® ¤ÓÌa]¯ØÓuõ GÚ
÷\õvUP.
uø»PÎß GsoUøP 0 1 2 3 4 5 ö©õzu®

{PÌöÁs 15 45 85 95 60 20 320

Section C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. State and prove Baye’s theorem.

÷£°°ß ÷uØÓzøu GÊv {ÖÄP.

 d r 
17. If X ~ B n, P  then prove that  r 1  pq ur r 1  .
 dP 

 d r 
X ~ B n, P  GÛÀ  r 1  pq ur r 1  GÚ {ÖÄP.
 dP 

5 F–6991
18. In a big city 325 men out of 600 men were found to be
smokers. Does this information support the conclusion
that the majority of men in this city are smokers?
J¸ ö£›¯ |PμzvÀ 600&À 325 BsPÒ ¦øP ¤i¨£ÁºPÍõP
PshÔ¯¨£mkÒÍÚº. C¢u uPÁÀ, |Pμzvß
ö£¸®£õßø©¯õÚ BsPÒ ¦øP¤i¨£ÁºPÒ GßÓ
•iøÁ Bu›UQÓuõ?

19. Two horses A and B were tested according to the time (in
seconds) to run a particular track with the following
results :
Horse A 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
Horse B 29 30 30 24 27 29 –

Test whether the two horses have the same running

capacity.
J¸ SÔ¨¤mh £õøu°À Kh GkzxU öPõÒЮ ÷|μzøu¨
ö£õ¸zx (ö|õiPÎÀ) Cμsk SvøμPÒ A ©ØÖ® B&ø¯
÷\õvzuuß •iÄPÒ ¤ßÁ¸©õÖ.
Svøμ A 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
Svøμ B 29 30 30 24 27 29 –

Cμsk SvøμPЮ J÷μ Kk® vÓßöPõshøÁ¯õ GÚ

÷\õvUP.

20. Analyse the variance in the following Latin square.

A8 C18 B9
C9 B18 A16
B11 A10 C20
¤ßÁ¸® »iß ÁºUPzvß ©õÖ£õmøh Bμõ´P.
A8 C18 B9
C9 B18 A16
B11 A10 C20
————————

6 F–6991
 F–6992 Sub. Code
7BMA6C4

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Sixth Semester

Mathematics

OPERATIONS RESEARCH — II

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Part A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all the questions.

1. Define : Replacement Problem.

Áøμ¯Ö : C¯¢vμ ©õØÖU PnUS.

2. What is salvage value?

PÈÄ Âø» GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

3. Write any two reasons for carrying inventory.

\μUøP Gkzxa ö\ÀÁuß C¸ Põμn[PøÍ GÊx.

4. Define : Economic Order Quantity.

Áøμ¯Ö : ]UPÚ ÷Pm¦ AÍÄ.

5. What are transient and steady state?

©õÖ{ø» ©ØÖ® ^º{ø» GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

6. What is Birth-Death Process?

¤Ó¨¦&CÓ¨¦ •øÓ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?
7. Define : Critical Path.
Áøμ¯Ö : _¸UP¨£õøu.

8. Define : Optimistic Time and Pessimistic Time.

Áøμ¯Ö : \õuP ÷|μ® ©ØÖ® |®¤UøP¯ØÓ ÷|μ®.

9. Define : Two Person Zero Sum Game.

Áøμ¯Ö : C¸ |£º §ä⯠TkuÀ Âøͯõmk.

10. Define : Saddle Point.

Áøμ¯Ö : ÷\n¨ ¦ÒÎ.

Part B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all the questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) The purchase cost of a car is Rs. 21,500. The scrap
value and maintenance cost are as follows. When
should the car be replaced?
J¸ Põ›ß Áõ[Q¯ Âø» ¹. 21,500. Auß PÈÄ Âø»
©ØÖ® £μõ©›¨¦ ö\»Ä ¤ßÁ¸©õÖ. G¨÷£õx Põøμ
©õØÓ ÷Ásk®?
Year 1 2 3 4 5
Á¸h®
Maintenance Cost 900 1,500 2,000 2,700 4,000
£μõ©›¨¦ ö\»Ä
Scrap Value 16,000 15,200 13,300 12,100 10,500
PÈÄ Âø»

Or

2 F–6992
 (b) Purchase price of a machine is Rs. 3,000 and its
running cost is given in the table. The discount rate
is 0.10. When should the machine be replaced.

J¸ C¯¢vμzvß Áõ[Q¯ Âø» ¹. 3,000 ©ØÖ® Auß

Kmha ö\»Ä AmhÁøn°À EÒÍÁõÖ. uÒУi
ÂQu® 0.10. G¨÷£õx A¢u C¯¢vμzøu ©õØÓ
÷Ásk®?
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Bsk

Running Cost 500 600 800 1,000 1,300 1,600 2,000

Kmha ö\»Ä

12. (a) Explain the types of inventories.

\μUQ¸¨¤ß ÁøPPøÍ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Find the optimum order quantity for a product for

which price breaks are as follows :

Quantity Unit Price (Rs.)

0  Q1  500 10.00

500  Q2 9.25

The monthly demand for the product is 200 units,

the cost of storage is 2% of the unit cost and the cost
of ordering is Rs. 100.

3 F–6992
 ¤ßÁ¸® Âø» CøhöÁÎPøÍU öPõsh J¸
ö£õ¸Îß Ezu© ÷Pm¦ AÍÄ PõsP.

AÍÄ J¸ A»Qß Âø»

0  Q1  500 10.00

500  Q2 9.25
A¨ö£õ¸Îß ©õuõ¢vμ ÷uøÁ 200 A»SPÒ
øÁzv¸¨¦a ö\»Ä Kº A»Qß Âø»°À 2% ©ØÖ®
÷Pm¦a ö\»Ä ¹. 100.

13. (a) Explain the characteristics of Queueing Model.

Põzv¸¨¦ ©õv›°ß ]Ó¨¤¯À¦PøÍ ÂÁ›.

Or

(b) Explain M |M |1: |FIFO  Model.

M |M |1: |FIFO  ©õv›ø¯ ÂÁ›.

14. (a) Distinguish between PERT and CPM.

PERT ©ØÖ® CPM I ÷ÁÖ£kzxP.

Or

(b) Construct a PERT Network.

PERT Áø»¨¤ßÚø» ÁiÁø©UP.

Activity 1-2 1-4 1-7 2-3 3-6 4-5 4-8 5-6 6-9 7-8 8-9
ö\¯À
Time 2 2 1 4 1 5 8 4 3 3 5
÷|μ®

4 F–6992
15. (a) Find the value of the game.
Âøͯõmiß ©v¨ø£U PõsP.
B

5 1 
A  
3 4 

Or
(b) Solve using dominance property.
÷©»õsø©¨ £sø£¨ £¯ß£kzvz wºUP.
12 10 6 
 
 8 6 7
 2 3 4 

Part C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. The cost of a machine is Rs. 6,100 and its scrap value is
Rs. 100. The maintenance costs are as follows. Find out
when the machine should be replaced.
J¸ C¯¢vμzvß Âø» ¹. 6,100 ©ØÖ® Auß PÈÄ ©v¨¦
¹. 100. Auß £μõ©›¨¦ ö\»Ä ¤ßÁ¸©õÖ. A¢u
C¯¢vμzøu G¨÷£õx ©õØÓ ÷Ásk® GÚU Psk¤i.
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Á¸h®
Maintenance cost 100 250 400 600 900 1,200 1,600 2,000
£μõ©›¨¦a ö\»Ä

17. Explain the various costs associated with inventory.

\μUQ¸¨¦hß öuõhº¦øh¯ £À÷ÁÖ ö\»ÄPøÍ ÂÁ›.

5 F–6992
18. Discuss the elements of Queueing System.

Põzv¸¨¦ Aø©¨¤ß EÖ¨¦PøÍ ÂÁõv.

19. Draw the network and determine the critical path for the
following data :

RÌPõq® uPÁÀPÐUS Áø»¨¤ßÚÀ Áøμ¢x _¸UP¨

£õøuø¯U PõsP.
Activity/ö\¯À to tm tp

1-2 2 5 14

1-3 9 12 15

2-4 5 14 17

3-4 2 5 8

4-5 6 6 12

3-5 8 17 20

20. Solve the following game graphically.

RÌÁ¸® Âøͯõmøh Áøμ£h® ‰»® wºUP.

1 3  3 7 
A  
2 5 4  6

————————

6 F–6992
 F–6993 Sub. Code
7BMAE3A

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Sixth Semester

Mathematics

Elective — DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Section A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define conditional statements with examples.

{£¢uøÚU TØøÓ GkzxUPõmkhß Áøμ¯Ö.

2. Show that  P P .

 P   P GÚ {ÖÄP.
3. State associative law for composition of relations.
Cøn¨¦ EÓÂØPõÚ ÷\º¨¦ Âvø¯ GÊxP.

4. Define Lattice homomorphism.

¤ßÚÀ ö\¯ö»õ¨¦ø©ø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

5. Define minimum distance of encoding function.

SÔ÷¯ØÓÀ \õº¤ß «a]Ö öuõø»Ä Áøμ¯Ö.

6. Define maximum likelihood decoding function.

«¨ö£¸ \õzv¯©õÚ SÔ»UPÀ \õºø£ Áøμ¯Ö.
7. Define finite automaton.
•iÄÖ uõÛ¯[Qø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.

8. Define equivalent automata.

\©õÚ©õÚ uõÛ¯[QPøÍ Áøμ¯Ö.

9. Define one-step deviation.

J¸ £i »UPzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

10. Define content-sensitive grammer.

Content-sensitive grammer&I Áøμ¯Ö.

Section B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Draw the parsing tree for the formula

p   q   p  q .
p   q   p  q  GßÓ `zvμzvØPõÚ £õº][
©μzøu ÁøμP.
Or
(b) Prove that Q P  
Q  P Q  is a
tautology.

Q P  
Q  P 
Q Gߣx J¸ ö©´®ø© GÚ
{ÖÄP.

12. (a) If A, B and C be sets, R is a relation from A to B and

S is a relation B to C then prove that
S  R 1  R 1  S 1 .
A, B ©ØÖ® C Gß£Ú Pn[PÒ, R Gߣx A&°¼¸¢x
B&UPõÚ EÓÄ ©ØÖ® S Gߣx B&°¼¸¢x C&UPõÚ
EÓÄ GÛÀ S  R   R 1  S 1 GÚ {ÖÄP.
1

Or
(b) Prove that every chain is modular.
JÆöÁõ¸ \[Q¼²® ÂPØ£©õÚx GÚ {ÖÄP.

2 F–6993
13. (a) Show that m, m  1 parity check code can detect
one error.
m, m  1
Cμmøh ÷\õuøÚ SÔ±k J¸ ¤øÇø¯
PshÔ¯•i²® GÚU PõmkP.

Or
(b) Prove that eH is a group code.
eH Gߣx J¸ S»USÔ±k GÚ {ÖÄP.

14. (a) Construct a finite automaton M accepting ab, ba .

ab, ba &øÁ HØÖUöPõÒЮ •iÄÖ uõÛ¯[Q M&I
E¸ÁõUSP.

Or
Construct an NFA accepting L  { x  a, b : x  3
*
(b)
and third symbol of x from the right is a } .

L  { x  a, b : x  3 ©ØÖ® x&ß ‰ßÓõ® SÔ±k

*

Á»v¼¸¢x a } .

15. (a) Construct a grammer for the language

L  a ib j : i  j  0.

 
L  a ib j : i  j  0 GßÓ ö©õÈUS C»UPn®
E¸ÁõUSP.

Or
(b) Construct a regular grammer which will generate
all strings of 0’s and 1’s having n odd number of 0’s
and odd numbers of 1’s.
0&UPÎß n JØøÓ GsPÒ ©ØÖ® 1&PÎß JØøÓ
GsPøÍU öPõsh AøÚzx \μ[PøͲ® E¸ÁõUS®
JÊ[S C»UPn® E¸ÁõUSP.

3 F–6993
 Section C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Show that R  S can be derived from the premises

P  Q  S  , R  P and Q.

RSI P  Q  S  , ©ØÖ® QRP BQ¯

•uØ÷PõÒPμ¸¢x Á¸ÂUP»õ® GÚU PõmkP.

17. Show that the direct product of any two distributive

lattice is a distributive lattice.
Cμsk £[Rmk Áø»¯[PÎß ÷|μi¨ ö£¸UP¾® J¸
£[Rmk Áø»¯÷© GÚU PõmkP.

18. State and prove properties of distance function  .

yμ \õº¦  &ß £s¦PøÍ GÊv {ÖÄP.

19. If L is a set accepted by an NFAM then prove that there

exists a FAM which accepts L.
NFAM-BÀ HØÖUöPõÒͨ£k® Pn® L GÛÀ L&I
HØÖUöPõÒЮ J¸ FAM E¸ÁõS® GÚ {ÖÄP.

20. Construct a grammer G such that L G   {W  a, b : W

has equal number of a’s and b’s}.
L G   {W  a, b : W \©©õÚ GsoUøP°À a&UPÒ ©ØÖ®
b&UPøÍ öPõsi¸US®}, GÝ©õÖ J¸ C»UPn®
E¸ÁõUSP.

————————

4 F–6993
 F–6994 Sub. Code
7BMAE3B

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022.

Sixth Semester

Mathematics

Elective — FUZZY ALGEBRA

(CBCS – 2017 onwards)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum : 75 Marks

Section A (10  2 = 20)

Answer all questions.

1. Define Fuzzy Set.

öuÎÂÀ»õ Pnzøu Áøμ¯Ö.

2. Define Strong a -cut.

Á¾ÁõÚ a &öÁmk Áøμ¯Ö.

3. State the axioms of Fuzzy Complement.

öuÎÂÀ»õ {쨤°ß AiU÷PõÒPøÍ GÊxP.

4. Define t-norm.
t&ö|Ô©zøu Áøμ¯Ö.

5. What is dual triple?

C¸© •®ø© GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

6. State De-Morgan Laws for Fuzzy sets.

öuÎÂÀ»õ Pn[PÐUPõÚ i&©õºPß ÂvPøÍ GÊxP.

7. Define Fuzzy equivalence relation.

öuÎÂÀ»õ \©õÚ EÓøÁ Áøμ¯Ö.
8. Define Fuzzy compatibility relations.
öuÎÂÀ»õ •μoßø© EÓøÁ Áøμ¯Ö.

9. Define Fuzzy partial ordering.

öuÎÂÀ»õ £Sv Á›ø\¨£kzuø» Áøμ¯Ö.

10. What is lattice?

Áø»¯® GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

Section B (5  5 = 25)

Answer all questions, choosing either (a) or (b).

11. (a) Explain Fuzzy variable.

öuÎÂÀ»õ ©õÔø¯ Áøμ¯Ö.
Or
(b) Prove that a Fuzzy set A on is convex iff
A dx1  1   x 2   minA x1 , A x 2  .
&ß «uõÚ öuÎÂÀ»õ Pn® A SÂÁuØS
÷uøÁ¯õÚx® ÷£õx©õÚx©õÚ {£¢uøÚ
A dx1  1   x 2   minA x1 , A x 2  GÚ {ÖÄP.

12. (a) Prove that every Fuzzy complement has at most one
equilibrium.
JÆöÁõ¸ öuÎÂÀ»õ {쨤²® AvP£m\® J¸
\©{ø»ø¯ öPõsi¸US® GÚ {ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Show that for all a, b  0, 1 , imin a, b  i a, b
 mina, b where imin denotes the drastic
intersection.
AøÚzx a, b  0, 1 &ØS®, imin a, b  i a, b
 mina, b
GÚU PõmkP. C[S imin Gߣx
Áßø©¯õÚ öÁmøhU SÔUQÓx.

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13. (a) Prove that C ua, b  i C a , C b .
C ua, b  i C a , C b GÚ {ÖÄP.
Or
(b) Discuss Fuzzy numbers.
öuÎÂÀ»õ GsPøÍ ÂÁõvUP.
14. (a) State the properties of arithmetic operations on
class intervals.
ÁS¨¦ CøhöÁ롧 «uõÚ GsPou ö\¯¼°ß
£s¦PøÍ GÊxP.
Or
 0 . 3 0 .5 0 . 8  0.9 0 .5 0 . 7 0 . 7 
   
(b) If P   0 0.7 1  and Q  0.3 0 .2 0 0 . 9 
0.4 0.6 0.5  1 0 0.5 0.5
find P  Q .
 0 . 3 0 .5 0 . 8  0.9 0 .5 0 . 7 0 . 7 
   
P   0 0.7 1  ©ØÖ® Q  0.3 0 .2 0 0 . 9 
0.4 0.6 0.5  1 0 0.5 0.5
GÛÀ P  Q PõsP.
15. (a) State the properties of Fuzzy partial ordering.
öuÎÂÀ»õ £Sv Á›ø\¨£kzu¼ß £s¦PøÍ
GÊxP.
Or
(b) Explain the association of two fuzzy sets.
C¸ öuÎÂÀ»õ Pn[PÎß ÷\º¨ø£ ÂÁ›UP.

Section C (3  10 = 30)

Answer any three questions.

16. Let A, B  ℱ(X). Then prove that for all   0, 1 ,

(a) A  B  A  B
A  B   A   B
(b) A  B  A  B
A  B   A   B

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 A, B  ℱ(X) GßP. AøÚzx   0, 1 &ØS®
(A) A  B   A   B
A  B   A  
B
(B) A  B  A  B  

A  B   A  
B GÚU PõmkP.

17. State and prove second characterization theorem of Fuzzy

complements.
öuÎÂÀ»õ {쨤°ß Cμshõ® ]Ó¨¤¯À¦ ÷uØÓzøu
GÊv {ÖÄP.

18.  
If uw a, b  min 1, a w  bw  , w  0 then prove that
1/w

max a, b  uw a, b  umax a, b .


uw a, b  min 1, a w  bw  ,
1/w

w0 GÛÀ
max a, b  uw a, b  umax a, b GÚ {ÖÄP.

19. Explain Fuzzy compatibility relation with an example.

öuÎÂÀ»õ •μoßø© EÓøÁ Kº GkzxUPõmkhß
ÂÁ›UP.
20. Define the following :
(a) Homomorphism
(b) Strong Homomorphism
(c) Isomorphism
(d) Endomorphism
(e) Automorphism.
¤ßÁ¸ÁÚÁØøÓ Áøμ¯ÖUP :
(A) ö\¯ö»õ¨¦ø©
(B) Á¾ÁõÚ ö\¯ö»õ¨¦ø©
(C) \© J¨¦ø©
(D) uß ö\¯ö»õ¨¦ø©
(E) uß J¨¦ø©.
————————

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