Social Work covers a range of aiding techniques for

-Is an academic discipline and individuals, families, and groups.

profession that concerns itself with Techniques are compose of: (a) popular
individuals, families, groups and counseling approaches comprising of
communities in an effort to enhance fami therapy, behavior modification,
social functioning and overall well- reality therapy, and gestalt therapy, and
being. (b) unpopular approaches such as
Rolfing therapy, psychomotor therapy,
Social Functioning and psychodrama.
-Refers to the way in which people
perform their social roles, and the The Goal on Changing
structural institutions that are provided •Changing refers to the active
to sustain them. participation of the social workers in
social reforms.
GOALS OF SOCIAL WORK • This goal comes from a perspective
The principal mission of social work that there is a persistence of poverty.
profession is to develop human beings environmental destruction, and social
and assist other institutions in attaining disintegration.
the basic human needs of the people
and in empowering the lost, the least "We are not social workers. We may be
and the last. Morales and Sheafor doing social work in the eyes of the
(1983) specified three (3) distinguishing people. But we are really contemplatives
goals of social work namely: caring, in the heart of the world."
curing and changing. -Mother Teresa

The Goal on Caring CORE VALUES OF SOCIAL WORK

• Caring refers to the heart of social
work and it focuses on the well-being or CORE VALUES Mendoza (2002)
the welfare and comfort of the individual - a vital organizational component, play
and community. The goal on caring a significant role in the organization.
involves the enhancement of the quality
of life in prisons, the upgrading and - They serve as guiding principles that
humanizing services in nursing homes shape the behavior and action of its
and juvenile facilities, and the constant members in interacting with their clients
advancement of care given to and other people.
populations in need.
MENDOZA (2002) CITED THAT THE
The Goal on Curing Curing COUNCIL ON SOCIAL WORK
•refers to the aspect of treating people EDUCATION IDENTIFIED AND
with problems in social functioning. This DESCRIBED SIX (6) VALUES THAT
ARE SHARED BY THE SOCIAL WORK 5. SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
PROFESSION. ப REQUIRED TO FACILITATE
1. Right to Self Fulfillment INDIVIDUALS EFFORT AT
2. Responsibility to Common Good SELF-REALIZATION
3. Responsibility to Society - Notion that individuals and society are
4. Right to Satisfy Basic Needs interdependent provides a perspective
5. Social Organizations required to that the society has the responsibility to
Facilitate Individuals effort at provide appropriate social resources.
self-realization
6. Self Realizations and Contribution to - it is the right of the individual to
Society promote change in social resources that
do not deserve his/her need-meeting
1. RIGHT TO SELF- FULFILLMENT efforts.
Each person has the right to self-
fulfillment which is derived from his/her 6. SELF-REALIZATIONS AND
inherent capacity and thrust toward the CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY
goal. -To permit both self- realization and
contribution to society by the individual,
2. RESPONSIBILITY TO COMMON social organization must make available
GOOD Each person has the socially provided devices for need-
responsibility as a members of the satisfaction as wide in range, variety
society to seek ways of fulfillment that and quality as the general welfare
contribute to common good. allows.

3. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SOCIETY PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK

The society has the responsibility to
facilitate self- fulfillment of the individual PRINCIPLES ARE DECLARATIONS OF
and the right enrichment through the WHAT TO DO AND WHAT NOT TO DO
contribution of its individual members. TO ACHIEVE THE BEST RESULTS
WHILE CONDUCTING SOCIAL WORK.
4. RIGHT TO SATISFY BASIC NEEDS THEY SERVE AS REFERENCE
Each person requires for the POINTS FOR PROFESSIONALS
harmonious development of his powers PERFORMING FIELDWORK. TO
socially provided and socially CONDUCT A PROFESSION,
safeguarded opportunities for satisfying PRINCIPLES ARE ELABORATIONS OF
his/her basic needs in the physical, IDEALS IN THE FORM OF
psychological, economic, cultural UNDERSTANDABLE WORDS. THERE
aesthetic and spiritual realms. ARE SEVEN KEY PRINCIPLES OF
SOCIAL WORK DEVELOPED BY
PROFESSOR FELIX BIESTEK
EXTERNAL, WHO DIED IN 1994. THE their own journey toward change and
PRINCIPLES THAT BIESTEK well-being.
IDENTIFIED ADDRESS COMMON
QUESTIONS OF ETHICS IN SOCIAL 4. INDIVIDUALIZATION Individualization
WORK. in social work means treating each client
as a unique person with their own needs
1. АССЕРТANCE Acceptance refers to and experiences. It involves customizing
the recognition and embrace of clients' support and services to fit what works
individual experiences and identities, best for that specific client, rather than
fostering a supportive environment using the same approach for everyone.
where they can explore their thoughts This helps ensure that clients receive
and feelings openly. It emphasizes the the most relevant and effective help.
importance of understanding clients
without imposing judgment, thereby 5.CONFIDENTIALITY-Confidentiality in
facilitating personal growth and healing social work means keeping clients'
within the therapeutic relationship. personal information private and secure.
It is the responsibility of social workers
2. CLIENT PARTICIPATION Client to ensure that anything shared by clients
participation in problem-solving in social during sessions is not disclosed without
work means involving clients in figuring their permission, except in specific
out their own issues and finding situations where there may be a risk of
solutions. It encourages clients to share harm or legal obligations. This practice
their thoughts and ideas, helping them helps build trust and encourages clients
feel more in control and responsible for to speak openly about their challenges.
their own lives. This collaboration makes
the support more effective and relevant 6.WORK SELF-AWARENESS-Worker
to their needs. self-awareness in social work means
being conscious of your own feelings,
3.SELF-DETERMINATION beliefs, and biases and how they affect
Self-determination means that clients your work with clients. It involves
have the right to make their own choices reflecting on your experiences to ensure
about their lives and the direction they you provide the best support possible
want to take. This principle emphasizes without letting personal issues interfere.
that clients should be active participants
in decision-making about their care and 7. CLIENT-WORKER RELATIONSHIP
services, reflecting their values, -The client-worker relationship in social
preferences, and goals. It ensures that work is the professional bond formed
clients are treated with respect and between social workers and their clients,
dignity, allowing them to take charge of characterized by trust, empathy, and
collaboration. It involves working
together to address the client's needs 5.COUNSELOR-A person who provides
and challenges while respecting their 38 guidance and intervention to an
autonomy and ensuring open individual or group particularly in dealing
communication. This relationship is and managing an issue or a problem or
essential for creating a supportive difficulty, that includes helping them to
environment that facilitates positive look for possible answers or solutions
change and effective interventions that will alleviate suffering.

ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL 6.EDUCATOR-A person who provides

WORKERS meaningful experiences for people to
learn and become life- long learners
1.ADVOCATE-A person who advances through various platforms, whether
the interest and welfare of a particular formal, informal or non-formal, using
sector through speech, press or social varied types of strategies, scilicet;
action for the purpose of meaningful instruction, interaction, immersion,
change, human security, public safety simulation, apprenticeships, etc.
and protection from abuse or violence
7.ENABLER-A person who empowers
2.BROKER-A person who assists in another by capacitating him/her with the
locating for resources or services and in necessary knowledge, skills and values
negotiating for its acquisition or necessary for his/her transformation,
accessibility and use in favour of a client recovery, growth or development.

3.CASE MANAGER-A person who 8.FACILITATOR-A person who

handles and manages all information coordinates, leads or directs a particular
and processes relating to a specific group to work for specific task in the
issue, problem or circumstance, that is pursuit of achieving productive results
inimical to a person under his/her care, for the attainment of group or
guardianship, custody or assignment. organization's work goal.

4.CHANGE AGENT- A person who 9.MEDIATOR-A person who assists in

initiates specific measure to transform or settling issues, dispute, disagreements
help individuals, groups and or mere problems, between individuals
communities to become socially or groups for the purpose of
functional and be an active participants reconciliation, remediation, or
in achieving self-worth or societal settlement.
change.
10-FACILITATOR-A person who SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK SCHOOL-
engages in a systematic inquiry to social workers are trained professionals
address an issue, a problem or a given that specialise in assisting kids with
condition or topic which may provide school-related concerns and personal
essential suggestions or problems that interfere with their ability
recommendations that will help improve to function effectively at school and at
systems and practices, resolve conflicts, home. Professional social workers who
disorders or difficulties, and inequities, are involved in school social work
or widen the pond of human knowledge. provide as a link between community
resources and students who require
WORK AREAS OF SOCIAL WORKERS specialised services or
accommodations.
WHERE DO SOCIAL WORKERS
WORK? GERIATRIC SOCIAL WORKERS
1. CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES -Geriatric social workers provide
2. SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK services to elderly individuals and
3. GERIATRIC SOCIAL WORKER provide them with help in a variety of
4. MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES areas. Social workers who work with
5. MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH elderly people aid them in maintaining a
SERVICES healthy and happy lifestyle in society.
6. COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORKERS Social workers who appreciate the value
7. MIGRANT POPULATION AND of service are better equipped to grasp
REFUGEE the perceived needs of the elderly and
8. INDUSTRIAL SETTING to demonstrate enough empathy when
providing the services.
CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES
- Child and family welfare is regarded to MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
be a unique area of practise, and the -Clients with mental illnesses and/or
principles and values of the social work addictions are served by social workers
profession are generally consistent with specialising in mental health. Social
the policies that guide modern child workers, with their understanding of
welfare organizations. Children, as well human systems, can be particularly
as their parents and guardians, can helpful in managing co-occurring
benefit from the services provided by disorders in people who are suffering
social workers. from mental health problems as well.
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH INDUSTRIAL SETTING
SERVICES -Medical social workers -In industrial settings, the services of a
provide support to those who are professional social worker who may be
suffering from serious or chronic health fully focused on assisting employees in
problems. They provide information to overcoming their issues and enabling
people and families about how to deal them to continue to function as normal
with disease. They also learn about productive human beings are sought. In
resources that are accessible to sick industrial settings, including the
people and their families, such as corporate sector and their offices,
nursing care, nutrition classes, and workers of various cadres experience a
therapies, among other things. variety of human difficulties that can be
classified as either psychological or
COMMUNITY SOCIAL WORKERS physical.
-Social workers working in the field of
community development can be found in In conclusion, Social workers are the
a wide range of contexts and in a wide heart of our communities, working
range of practise areas. Systemic tirelessly to promote social justice and
concerns that contribute to social well-being for all. They are dedicated to
problems are addressed by social empowering individuals and families,
workers who approach their job from a advocating for their rights, and
community development or community connecting them with resources and
organising viewpoint. support. Whether working in hospitals,
schools, mental health agencies,
MIGRANT POPULATION AND retirement communities, government
REFUGEE- Migrants frequently require agencies, drug and alcohol facilities,
assistance in adjusting to life in a new families and children services, or
environment. Social workers assist community organizations, social workers
individuals in obtaining housing, are essential for creating a more just
employment, and other services. People and equitable society
who are homeless in various
metropolitan centres, night shelters, and ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF
refugee camps across the country SOCIAL WORKERS
require the assistance of social workers ETHICAL STANDARDS
who are service-minded and •The following ethical standards are
professionally qualified. relevant to the professional activities of
all social workers. These standards
concern (1) social workers' ethical
responsibilities to clients, (2) social
workers' ethical responsibilities to
colleagues, (3) social workers' ethical
responsibilities in practice settings, (4) harm and hinder maintaining
social workers' ethical responsibilities as professional boundaries.
professionals, (5) social workers' ethical
responsibilities to the social work 2. Social Workers' Ethical
profession, and (6) social workers' Responsibilities to Colleagues
ethical responsibilities to the broader •Respect - Social workers should treat
society. their colleagues with respect, accurately
representing their qualifications and
1. Social Workers' Ethical views. They should avoid unwarranted
Responsibilities to Clients negative criticism, including demeaning
comments about colleagues'
•Commitment to Clients - Social workers competencies or personal attributes
prioritize clients' well-being, with their such as race, gender, or religion.
interests being primary. However, in Cooperation with colleagues from social
certain situations, such as legal work or other professions should be
obligations to report harm or threats, the prioritized when it benefits the
duty to society may take precedence, well-being of clients.
and clients should be informed of this
possibility. •Disputes Involving Colleagues-Social
workers should avoid using disputes
•Privacy and confidentiality - Social between colleagues and employers as
workers must respect clients' privacy, an opportunity to advance their own
only collecting private information for interests or secure a position. They
professional reasons and maintaining should also refrain from exploiting
confidentiality unless disclosure is clients in such disputes or involving
required to prevent harm. They should clients in inappropriate discussions
inform clients of any potential regarding conflicts between colleagues.
disclosures and ensure that
confidentiality agreements are clear, Incompetence of Colleagues-Social
especially in group or family settings. workers who are aware of a colleague's
Confidentiality should also be upheld incompetence should attempt to consult
after a client's death. and help the colleague improve. If the
issue persists and is not addressed,
•Sexual Relationships - Social workers they should report it through the proper
must never engage in sexual activities professional channels.
or inappropriate sexual communication
with current clients, their relatives, or 3. Social Workers' Ethical
others with close personal ties to the Responsibilities in Practice Settings
client. They should avoid sexual contact
with former clients, as it may cause
Education and Training - Social workers and principles. Social workers must
who serve as educators or field carefully consider the impact of such
instructors should teach within their actions on clients before making
areas of expertise and provide decisions.
instruction based on current
professional knowledge. They must 4. Social Workers' Ethical
evaluate students' performance fairly Responsibilities as Professionals
and respectfully. Clients should be
informed when services are being •Discrimination - Social workers should
provided by students. Educators and not engage in, support, or collaborate
field instructors must avoid dual with any form of discrimination based on
relationships that could exploit or harm race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex,
students, including those arising through sexual orientation, gender identity or
social media. They are responsible for expression, age, marital status, political
setting clear, appropriate, and culturally belief, religion, immigration status, or
sensitive boundaries in those mental or physical ability.
relationshine

•Administration-Social work •Impairment - Social workers should not

administrators should advocate for let their own personal issues, such as
sufficient resources both within and psychosocial distress, legal problems,
outside their agencies to meet clients' substance abuse, or mental health
needs. They must ensure that resource difficulties, affect their professional
allocation is fair, non- discriminatory, and judgment or performance, or put the
based on consistent principles. best interests of clients at risk. If these
Administrators are also responsible for personal issues interfere with their work,
ensuring that adequate supervision and social workers should seek consultation
a supportive working environment are and take appropriate actions, such as
available for staff, promoting compliance seeking professional help, adjusting
with the NASW Code of Ethics. their workload, or even terminating
practice, to protect clients and others.
•Labor-Management Disputes - Social
workers have the right to engage in •Acknowledging Credit - Social workers
organized actions like forming or should take responsibility and credit only
participating in labor unions to improve for the work they have actually
client services and working conditions. performed and contributed to. They
However, their actions during labor should also honestly acknowledge the
disputes, strikes, or job actions should contributions made by others in their
align with the profession's ethical values work.
 Social Workers
5. Social Workers' Ethical •cater to a varied kinds of clients from
Responsibilities to the Social Work different social and ethical background.
Profession
-Social workers must uphold the • These clients have individual needs
profession's integrity by maintaining high and should be assessed personally
standards, advancing its values, and based on the information of the case so
preventing unqualified practice. They that a social welfare program be
contribute through teaching, research, implemented. Sometimes, a social
and sharing expertise while ensuring workers handle a group of organization,
ethical evaluation and research and in most instances they handle a
practices. This includes obtaining whole community.
informed consent, protecting
participants' rights and confidentiality, CLIENTELE VS APPLICANT
avoiding harm, and reporting findings CLIENT- is someone who makes an
accurately. Social workers should stay explicit agreement with a social worker
informed on emerging knowledge and about the purpose of their work together
promote responsible research practices.
APPLICANT-are not entering into any
6. Social Workers' Ethical agreement with the social worker to
Responsibilities to the Broader Society solve their issue. More often than not,
-Social workers are responsible for social workers encounter participants or
promoting societal welfare by resisters.
advocating for living conditions and
policies that uphold social justice and CLIENTS OF SOCIAL WORKER
meet basic needs. They should enable INDIVIDUAL
public participation in shaping policies, - The Individual level is generally work
provide services during emergencies, on an individual who has to be assisted
and engage in actions that ensure equal to fit in a larger environment or someone
access to resources and opportunities, who has been deprived space by the
especially for vulnerable groups. Social larger environment calling for change or
workers must promote cultural diversity, simply improving one's ability to cope
support equity- focused policies, and with it.
work to eliminate discrimination and
oppression to create a fair and just
society. GROUP & ORGANIZATION- Groups
CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES IN are people existing with similar or
SOCIAL WORK common identity. Gay men and lesbians,
migrants, women, abused or neglected
children, elderly, pensioners, veterans,
military service men and women,
unemployed, people with substance WALK-IN CLIENTS [VOLUNTARY]
abuse and addiction, or students in -clients who opted to voluntarily seek
school setup. We classify them as services of assistance due to a difficulty
groups because they form collectivities or a problem which the think they cannot
in terms of level of services they have to do it on their own.
receive.
Examples: solo parent seeking material
COMMUNIT- A community social worker assistance, displaced person asking
gives intervention to communities that core shelter assistance, physically
will make it function properly. A challenged person seeking medical
community may exist as a marginalized attention
sector, and in which case, the social
work services may focus on community REACH-OUT CLIENTS
transformations to cause environmental [INVOLUNTARY] clients who may not
change so as to make it possible for consider asking help because they think
individuals and groups on the minority to they are doing fine and will survive
achieve social well-being or social somehow or they are unaware of the
justice and respect for their rights. agencies that ca provide them
help/assistance
Needs of a community
• Disaster preparedness, prevention, Examples: street children, working
and rehabilitation children, children/youth in indigenous
• Stress debriefing for victims of communities, out-of-school youth
different circumstances
• Child and women protection program • REFERRED CLIENTS clients assisted
Family Interventions by another person, group/organizations,
• Health programs or community leaders/workers who are
• Livelihood and literacy services concerned about the client's situation
• Capacity building
• Intervention and Rehabilitation TYPOLOGY OF CLIENTS
programs for substance abuse •WALK-IN
•REACH-OUT
• REFERRED
Clients of Social Workers PROCESS AND METHOD OF SOCIAL
•Individual WORK
• Group and Organization
•Community 1. ASSESSMENT PROCESS in this
process certain activities will be done by
TYPOLOGY OF CLIENTS social workers such as Counseling
Individuals, facilitate groupings, Work development or none. It is very
with families, refine agency procedure, necessary to review the process from
Initiate new programs, Lobby for the top to bottom to see if there is a
legislative changes, organize community significant level of improvement in the
action. Educate the public, conduct handled case
needs assessment, evaluate practice
and programs at various system, and METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK
target the change or social
transformation. In this process, these PRIMARY METHODS- are also called
tools are used to gauge the level of direct helping methods and primary
necessities for the settlement of the means basic to something before it will
problem. go to broad or from simple to difficult or
they are commonly known as inductive
2. DECISION MAKING after collecting method.
all facts, data and other relevant factors
in the assessment process then the A. SOCIAL CASE WORK Social case
social workers will decide on the work involves direct interaction between
outcomes gathered that might enhance a social worker and individuals or
the social functions of individuals, families. It focuses on understanding
families, group organization. and and addressing personal issues through
communities. assessment, planning, intervention, and
evaluation. The goal is to enhance the
3. PLANNING Is to make an outline of well-being of clients by providing
steps to be followed or plan to base the support, resources, and guidance
action to be undertaken on what tailored to their unique circumstances
interventions to be implemented on the
different. social cases to link client B. SOCIAL GROUP WORK This
system on what is needed services and method involves working with groups to
resources. promote personal development,
enhance social skills, and foster group
4. INTERVENTION in this process when cohesion. Social group work facilitates
social workers will do analyzation of the shared experiences and collective
Pre and post assessment wherein to problem-solving among members, often
suite the solution of the problem in order focusing on issues like socialization,
to be improved for the operations of the education, and support networks. It aims
social service delivery network. to empower individuals through
interaction and collaboration within a
5. EVALUATION in this process critical group setting. C. COMMUNITY
thinking will be undertaken to analyze ORGANIZATION method that focuses
and finalize the case whether there is on building and strengthening
community capacity. Social workers can improve outcomes for clients and
engage with community members to communities.
identify needs, mobilize resources, and
implement programs. This approach C. SOCIAL ACTION Social action is the
emphasizes collective action, advocacy, one that is utilized to bring about
and collaboration to address systemic desirable changes within the inadequate
issues affecting the community, such as framework for guaranteeing social
poverty, health, and education. advance. Through this method attempts
are made to mobilize individuals to
SECONDARY METHODS are the make mindfulness on existing issues, to
support of the first three methods of the organize them and to energize them to
intervention and implementation of the raise their voice against undesirable
following in order to formulate solutions practices which hampers their
to the individual case. advancement and to make pressure for
bringing almost appropriate enactment
A. SOCIAL WELFARE for social advance.
ADMINISTRATION This method
pertains to the management and
organization of social welfare programs
and services. Social welfare
administration involves policy
development, program planning,
resource allocation, and evaluation to
ensure effective delivery of services. It
aims to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of social services,
ensuring that they meet the needs of the
population served.

B. SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH Social

work research is the systematic
investigation of social issues and the
effectiveness of interventions. This
method involves collecting and
analyzing data to inform practice,
evaluate programs, and contribute to the
knowledge base of social work.
Research helps identify best practices
and evidence-based approaches that