Chapter 1: Solid State

The important formula of unit cell dimension is M = dNaa3/ z

Imperfections in solids

Number of octahedral voids = Number of atoms and Number of tetrahedral voids = Twice the
number of atoms

Chapter 2: Solutions

Raoult’s law

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Henry’s law

Mole fraction = No. of moles of component/ Total no. of moles of all components

Molarity = ( volume of solution in litres/Moles of solute)

Molality = Mass of solvent in kg/ Moles of solute

Mass % = (Mass of component in solution/ Total mass of the solution) ✕ 100

Volume % = (Volume of component in solution/ Total volume of the solution) ✕ 100

ppm = (No. of parts of the component/ Total no. of parts of all components of solution) ✕100

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Van’t Hoff Factor

Relative Lowering of vapor pressure

Elevation of boiling point

Depression of freezing point important graphs

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

Type of cells:

a) Electrochemical cell / Galvanic cell

b) Electrolytic cell

Electrode potential

Standard electrode potential

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 Anode

Nernst equation

Relation between cell potential and Gibbs energy:

Relation between equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy

Resistance(R)

Cathode

Cell potential

Cell electromotive force (emf)

SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode)

Resistivity

Speci c conductance/Conductivity

Molar conductivity

Molar Conductivity for Strong Electrolytes

Molar Conductivity for Weak Electrolytes

Batteries:

a) Primary

b) Secondary

Corrosion

Hydrogen Economy

Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions

Faraday’s law of electrolysis

Types of electrodes

a) Inert

b) Active

Chapter 4 – Chemical Kinetics

First Order Reaction Kinetics

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 Arrhenius Equation

Order and Molecularity

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

The distinction between adsorption and absorption

Types of Adsorption

Freundlich adsorption isotherm

a) Absorption from solution phase

Colloids

Emulsions

Chapter 6: CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Inorganic chemistry

Metallurgy

Ellingham Diagram

Mond process for re ning nickel

Van Arkel Method of re ning zirconium or titanium

Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements

Inert pair effect

Disproportionation

Non-metallic hydrides

Color of halogen compounds

Non-metallic halides

Catenation

Interhalogen compounds

Structures of Oxoacids: Phosphorus and Sulphur

Structures of Fluoride: Sulphur, xenon, bromine

Basicity of group 15 elements

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 Structures of PCl5, H2SO3, H2SO4, H2S2O8, H2S2O7, HOCl, HClO2, HClO34, N2<O5, XeOF4

Chapter 8: The d- and f-block Elements

1. d-Block elements

2. f-Block elements

3. Actinoid

4. Lanthanoid Contraction

5. Actinoid Contraction

Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds

Coordination Entity

Central Atom or Ion

Ligands

Coordination Number

Coordination Sphere

Coordination Polyhedron

Oxidation Number of Central Atom

Homoleptic complexes

Heteroleptic complexes

Werner’s theory

Valence bond theory

Crystal- eld theory

CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Organic Chemistry

Chapter 10 to Chapter 16

IUPAC Nomenclature questions

Key reactions: Sandmeyer reaction, Williamson synthesis, Riemer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe’s

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 Bromamide reaction, Coupling reaction.

Distinction test: The distinction tests are usually asked between:

Aliphatic and aromatic compounds

Compounds having two different functional groups

Compounds having the same functional group but different arrangements of atoms (e.g., 1°, 2°,
3°)

CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Physics

Chapter 1 – Electronic Charges and Field

Coulomb’s Law

Forces between multiple charges electric eld due to system of charges

Electric dipole’s electric eld on axial and equatorial point

Electric dipole in external electric eld

Gauss’s law applications

Chapter 2 – Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Potential due to electric dipole and system of charges

Electric potential energy due to electric dipole and system of charges

Equipotential surfaces

Effect of dielectric on capacitors

Combinations of capacitors

Energy stored in capacitors

Chapter 3 – Current Electricity

Ohm’s Law

Limitations of ohm’s law

Resistivity of different materials

Combination of resistors

Combination of cells

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 Kirchhoff’s law

Meter bridge

Potentiometer

Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetic force on current carrying wire

Motion in a magnetic eld

Velocity selector

Cyclotron

The magnetic eld on the axis of a circular current carrying loop 6. Ampere’s circuital law

The force between two parallel current carrying wires

Torque on current carrying loop in a magnetic eld

Moving coil galvanometer

Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter

The axial magnetic eld of a bar magnet as solenoid

Electric dipole in a uniform magnetic eld

Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic Substances

Hysteresis Loop

Chapter 6 – Electromagnetic Induction

Magnetic ux

Faraday’s law of induction

Lens law

Motional EMF

Self-inductance and mutual inductance

Chapter 7 – Alternating Current

RC, LC, LR and LCR Circuits

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 LC oscillations

Power factor

Resonance and Sharpness

Transformers

Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement Current

EM waves

Nature of em waves

Chapter 9 – Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Image formation by spherical mirrors

Image formation by spherical lenses

Total internal re ection

Power and combination of lenses

Refraction through a Prism

Natural phenomenons due to light

Eye

Telescope

Microscope

Chapter 10 – Wave optics

Re ection and refraction of plane waves using Huygen principle

Incoherent and coherent waves addition

Interference and Young’s double slit experiment

Diffraction of light

Resolving power of optical Instruments

Polarisation by scattering

Chapter 11 – Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

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 Photoelectric effect

Einstein photoelectric equation

de Broglie hypothesis

Davisson and Germer experiment

Chapter 12 – Atoms

Electron Orbits

Atomic spectra

Bohr Model of Hydrogen atom

Line spectra of the Hydrogen atom

de-Broglie explanation of Bohr’s postulate

Chapter 13 – Nuclei

. Nuclear binding energy

Radioactivity

Radioactive decays

Chapter 14 – Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Intrinsic semiconductors

Extrinsic semiconductors

p-n Junction diode

p-n Junction in forward bias and reverse bias

Junction diode as a recti er

Zener diode as a voltage regulator

n-p-n and p-n-p transistor

Transistor as an ampli er

Logic gates

Chapter 15 – Communication Systems

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 Elements of communication system

Basic terminologies of electronic communication system

Propagation of em waves

Amplitude modulation

CBSE class 12 board exam: Mathematics Important Topics

Chapter 1 – Relations and Functions

Types of Relations

Composition of Two Functions

Invertible Functions

Chapter 2 – Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Chapter 3 – Matrices

Multiplication of Matrices and Related Properties

Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrices

Finding Inverse of a Matrix Using Elementary Transformations

Chapter 4 – Determinants

Properties of Determinants

Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix

Solution of System of Linear Equations

Chapter 5 – Continuity and Differentiability

Continuity of a Function

Logarithmic Differentiation

Differentiation of Functions in Parametric Form

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 Second Order Derivatives

Chapter 6 – Application of Derivatives

Rate of Change of Quantities

Increasing and Decreasing Functions

Tangents and Normals to Curves

First and Second Derivative Tests for Finding Points of Local Maxima and Minima

Chapter 7 – Integrals

Integration by the Method of Substitution

Integration by the Method of Partial Fractions

Integration by Parts

De nite Integral as Limit of a Sum

Properties of De nite Integrals

Chapter 8 – Application of Integrals

Area under Simple Curves

Area Bounded by a Curve and a Line

Area Bounded by Two Curves

Chapter 9 – Differential Equations

Formation of Differential Equations

Method of Solving Differential Equations with Variable Separable

Homogeneous Differential Equations

Linear Differential Equations

Chapter 10 – Vector Algebra

Scalar Product of Vectors and Projection of Vector on a Line

Vector Product of Vectors

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Chapter 11 – Three Dimensional Geometry

Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of Line

Equation of a Line

Coplanarity of Lines

Angle between Two Lines

Shortest Distance between Two Skew Lines

Equation of a Plane in Normal Form

Equation of Plane Perpendicular to Given Vector and Passing through a Given Point

Equation of Plane Passing through Three Noncollinear Points

Plane Passing through the Intersection of Two Planes

The angle between Two Planes

Distance of a Point from a Plane

The angle between a Line and a Plane

Chapter 12 – Linear Programming

Graphical Solution of Linear Programming Problems

Chapter 13 – Probability

Multiplication Theorem on Probability

Independent Events

Bayes’ Theorem

Random Variable and Its Probability Distribution

Mean and Variance of Random Variable

Binomial Distribution

CBSE Class 12 Board Exam: Biology Important Topics

Reproduction

Modes of asexual reproduction

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 Pre-fertilization events

Inbreeding depression

Double fertilization

Gametogenesis, fertilization, and events of pregnancy

Birth control methods

Sexually transmitted diseases

Techniques to treat infertility

Genetics and evolution

Structure of DNA

Experiments of F.Gri th, Hershey, chase and season and Stahl

Mechanism- replication, transcription, and translation

Salient features of genetic code

Lac operon

Homologous and analogous organs

Adaptive radiation

Biology In Human Welfare

Life cycle of Plasmodium

Causative agents of different diseases and their mode of transmission

AIDS and drug abuse

Inbreeding and outbreeding

Single cell protein

Microbes and their products

Biotechnology

Restriction enzymes

Cloning vectors

Transformation processes

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