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L9 - Constructors

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14 views7 pages

L9 - Constructors

Uploaded by

suiiisimon0
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Constructors

❖ A constructor in Java is similar to a method that is invoked when


an object of the class is created.
❖ Unlike Java methods, a constructor has the same name as that of
the class and does not have any return type.
For example,
class Test {
Test() {
// constructor body
}
}

Here,
❖ Test() is a constructor. It has the same name as that of the class
and doesn't have a return type.
❖
Example:
class Cons {
private String name;

// constructor
Cons() {
System.out.println("Constructor Called:");
name = "Prajesh";
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// constructor is invoked while creating an object of the Cons class


Cons obj = new Cons();
System.out.println("The name is " + obj.name);
}
}
Output:
Constructor Called:
The name is Prajesh
Types of Constructor

In Java, constructors can be divided into three types:


1. No-Arg Constructor

2. Parameterized Constructor

3. Default Constructor

1. No-Arg Constructors:
❖ Similar to methods, a Java constructor may or may not have any
parameters (arguments).

❖ If a constructor does not accept any parameters, it is known as a


no-argument constructor.

For example,

private Constructor()
{
// body of the constructor
}
For example: Java Private No-arg Constructor
class Main {
int i;
// constructor with no parameter
private Main() {
i = 5;
System.out.println("Constructor is called");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// calling the constructor without any parameter
Main obj = new Main();
System.out.println("Value of i: " + obj.i);
}
}
Output:

Constructor is called
Value of i: 5

Example: Java Public no-arg Constructors

class Company {
String name;
// public constructor
public Company() {
name = "Prabha";
}
}
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// object is created in another class
Company obj = new Company();
System.out.println("Company name = " + obj.name);
}
}
Output:

Company name = Prabha


2. Parameterized Constructor:

❖ A Java constructor can also accept one or more parameters. Such


constructors are known as parameterized constructors
(constructors with parameters).

Example: Parameterized Constructor

class Main {
String languages;
// constructor accepting single value
Main(String lang) {
languages = lang;
System.out.println(languages + " Programming Language");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// call constructor by passing a single value
Main obj1 = new Main("Java");
Main obj2 = new Main("Python");
Main obj3 = new Main("C");
}
}
Output:

Java Programming Language


Python Programming Language
C Programming Language

In the above example,


❖ We have created a constructor named Main() .

❖ Here, the constructor takes a single parameter. Notice the


expression:

Main obj1 = new Main("Java");

❖ Here, we are passing the single value to the constructor.


❖ Based on the argument passed, the language variable is initialized
inside the constructor.

3. Default Constructor:

❖ If we do not create any constructor, the Java compiler


automatically creates a no-arg constructor during the
execution of the program. This constructor is called the default
constructor.

Example: Default Constructor

class Main {

int a;
boolean b;

public static void main(String[] args) {

// calls default constructor


Main obj = new Main();

System.out.println("Default Value:");
System.out.println("a = " + obj.a);
System.out.println("b = " + obj.b);
}
}
Output:

Default Value:
a = 0
b = false

❖ Here, we haven't created any constructors. Hence, the Java compiler


automatically creates the default constructor.

❖ The default constructor initializes any uninitialized instance variables


with default values.
Type Default Value

boolean false

byte 0

short 0

int 0

long 0L

char \u0000

float 0.0f

double 0.0d

object Reference null

Important Notes on Java Constructors

❖ Constructors are invoked implicitly when you instantiate objects.


❖ The two rules for creating a constructor are:
1. The name of the constructor should be the same as the class.
2. A Java constructor must not have a return type.
❖ If a class doesn't have a constructor, the Java compiler automatically
creates a default constructor during run-time.
❖ The default constructor initializes instance variables with default values.
For example, the int variable will be initialized to 0
❖ Constructortypes:
1. No-Arg Constructor - a constructor that does not accept any arguments
2. Parameterized constructor - a constructor that accepts arguments
3. Default Constructor - a constructor that is automatically created by the Java
compiler if it is not explicitly defined.
❖ A constructor cannot be abstract or static or final.
❖ A constructor can be overloaded but can not be overridden.
Constructors Overloading in Java:
❖ Similar to Java method overloading, we can also create two or more
constructors with different parameters. This is called constructor overloading.

Example: Constructor Overloading


class Main {
String language;
// constructor with no parameter
Main() {
this.language = "Java";
}

// constructor with a single parameter


Main(String language) {
this.language = language;
}

public void getName() {


System.out.println("Programming Language: " + this.language);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


// call constructor with no parameter
Main obj1 = new Main();
// call constructor with a single parameter
Main obj2 = new Main("Python");
obj1.getName();
obj2.getName();
}
}
Output:

Programming Language: Java


Programming Language: Python

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