Perfect participles in clauses of time and reason (Phân từ hoàn thành trong các mệnh đề

chỉ thời gian và lý do)

a. Hình thức: having + PP (chủ động); having been + pp (bị động)
E.g: Having finished his homework, he went out with his friends. (Sau khi làm xong bài tập về nhà,
cậu ấy đã đi chơi với bạn.)
b. Chức năng
Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn thành để:
- Rút gọn mệnh đề khi hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước hành động khác.
E.g: He finished his homework and then he went out with his friends.
=> Having finished his homework, he went out with his friends.
- Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
E.g: After he had got up, he brushed his teeth.
=> After having getting up/ Having getting up, he brushed his teeth.
- Giải thích lý do cho hành động trong mệnh đề chính.
E.g: Having lost the game, they cried a lot.
Lưu ý: Mệnh đề rút gọn được gọi là mệnh đề phân từ (participle clauses); hai hành động có cùng chủ
ngữ.

■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN

Bài 1: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle.
1. Having parked (park) the car, we searched for the ticket machine.
2. Having drunk (drink) one liter of water, she really needed to go to the toilet.
3. Having left (leave) the party too early, we couldn't see the fireworks anymore.
4. Having finished (finish) her phone call, she went back to work.
5. Having lost (lose) ten kilograms, Daisy finally fit into her favorite dress again.

Bài 2: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle. Decide whether to use active or
passive voice.
1. Having stopped (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents.
2. Having written (write) the test, we felt relieved
3. Having worked (work) all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening.
4. Having been sent (send) to counter 20,1 had to return to counter 3.
5. Having confessed (confess), he was accused of even more criminal offences.
6. Having arrived (arrive) at the station, we called a taxi.
7. Having been typed (type) by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss.
8. Having been interrupted (interrupt) several times, she was rather annoyed.
9. Having lived (live) in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker.
10. Having been rescued (rescue), the injured man was taken to hospital.
Bài 3: Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined part with a perfect participle.
1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
=> Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
=> Having asked his mother’s permission, he boy went out to play.
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
=> Having drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
4. We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted.
=> Having written two tests today,we are very exhausted.
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
=> Having filled the washing machine, she switched it on.
6. She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning.
=> Having been to the disco the night before, she overslept in the morning.
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
=> Having worked in the garden all day, we were sunburned in the evening.
8. She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate.
=> Not having slept for two days, she wasn't able to concentrate.
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
=> Not having seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the saddle
=> Not having ridden a horse for a long time, I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle.

Bài 4: Change the underlined part of the sentence into a participle clause.
1. We are lying in the sun and we are enjoying life.
=> Lying in the sun, we are enjoying life.
2. The boy had brushed his teeth. He was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television.
=> Having brushed his teeth, the boy was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television.
3. The children sat on their beds and watched the thunderstorm.
=> Sitting on their beds, the children watched the thunderstorm.
4. They were surprised by a sudden storm and had to seek shelter under a tree.
=>Surprised by a student storm, they had to seek shelter under a tree.
5. When they had found the secret island, they started searching for the treasure.
=> Having found the secret island, they started searching for the treasure.

Bài 5: Rewrite the sentences with participle clauses.

1. Mary left school early because he felt sick.
=> Feeling sick, Mary left school early.
2. The teacher was impressed by Michael's work, so she gave him the highest score.
=> Impressed by Michael’s work, the teacher gave him the highest score.
3. Because he hadn't studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn't pass it.
=> Not having studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn’t pass it.
4. As I haven't received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone.
=> Not having received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone.
5. The golden ring, which was stolen weeks ago, was found.
=> Stolen weeks ago, the golden ring was found.
6. As I have an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you.
=> Having an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you.
7. When my sister heard the good news, she wanted to cry.
=> Hearing the good news, my sister wanted to cry.
8. Because I didn't want to lose my passport, I gave it to my father.
=> Not wanting to lose my passport, I gave it to my father.
9. After he had been told to wash the dishes, David entered the kitchen with a frown.
=> Having been told to do the dishes, John entered the kitchen with a frown.
10. As I had been to New York before, I knew where to find a good hotel.
=>Having been to England before, I knew where to find a good hotel.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO

Bài 6: Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect).
1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
=> Seeing the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
=> Looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
3. As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
=> Not having a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
4. Jim spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.
=> Being unemployed, Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms.
5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
=> Walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.
=> Built/ Being built of wood, the house was clearly a fire risk.
7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving
late.
=> Having been told off the day before for arriving late, I was eager to catch the bus in good time.
8. She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
=> Not knowing where the theater was, she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
=> Being a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
10. He had spent his childhood in Hue City so he knew the city well.
=> Having spent his childhood in Oslo, he knew the city well.
11. The fruit was expensive because it was imported.
=> Being imported/Imported, the fruit was expensive.
12. We had spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
=> Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
13. As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
=> Not wanting to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
14. Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography.
=> Known mainly as a writer of novel, James has now written a successful biography.
15. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.

=> Having been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.

Bài 7: Choose the best answer.

1. He thought that such a trifle was not worth___________

A. being mentioned B. having mentioned
C. mentioning D. to be mentioned
2. I'm surprised at your ___________this book so quickly. How did you manage to do it?
A. being read B. having read
C. having been read D. reading
3. I thought of ___________Tim for help, but then I decided to ask Linda.
A. asking B. having asked C. my asking D. to ask
4. The fear___________for what he had done made him run away.
A. being punished B. of being punished
C. of punishing D. to be punished
5. This work should be no problem for him. He is used to___________it.
A. being done B. do C. doing D. having done
6. She was tired. She didn't feel capable___________anything.
A. doing B. about doing C. for doing D. of doing
7. He apologized in advance for___________to see us during our visit.
A. being not able B . having been not able
C. not being able D. not having been able
8. It is no use___________it. He is not listening to you.
A. by repeating B. in repeating
C. of repeating D. repeating
9. We have no objection___________him.
A. for inviting B. of inviting C. to inviting D. to invite
10. I was reading a book when she burst into my room without___________
A. being seen B. knocking
C. saying goodbye D. turning on the light

Bài 8: Rewrite the sentences using participle clauses.

1. Susan was lying in the sun. She got sunburned.
=> Lying in the sun, Susan got sunburned.
2. Tim has just retired. He is now able to spend more time gardening.
=> Having just retired, John is now able to spend more time gardening.
3. They bought their tickets and went to find a seat.
=>Buying their cinema tickets, they went to find a seat.
4. The student sat in front of the computer and wrote his essay.
=> Sitting in front of the computer, the student wrote his essay.
5. Some people argue against school uniforms. They feel children should wear what they want to.
=>Arguing against school uniforms, some people feel children should wear what
they want to.
6. Some students are disappointed in their progress at school. These students often do not go into
further education.
=> Disappointed in their progress at school, these/some students often do not
go into further education.
7. Children do not have the maturity to make every choice themselves. They need a parent or
guardian to make decisions on their behalf.
=>Not having the maturity to make every choice themselves, children need a
parent or guardian to make decisions on their behalf.
8. I didn't want to break the law. I called the police instead.
=> Not wanting to break the law, I called the police instead.
9. John travelled overseas a lot as a teenager. He learns different cultures and customs.
=>Having travelled overseas a lot as a teenager, John is more open to different
cultures.

Bài 9: Choose the best answer.

1. ___________ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.

A. Having slept B. Have slept
C. Having been slept D. Have been slept
Marvelous: kì diệu
2. By the time their baby arrives, the Smiths hope___________painting and decorating the new
nursery.
A. having finished B to have finished
C. having been finished D. to have been finished
Nursery: nhà trẻ
3. She's angry about___________to the farewell party last night
A. not having invited B. not to have invited
C. not having been invited D. not to have been invited
Farewell (n): từ giã, tạm biệt, từ biệt
4. We decided not to travel, ___________
A. having heard B. to have heard
C. having been heard D. to have been heard
5. I'd love___________to the party, but it was impossible.
A. having gone B. to have gone
C. having been gone D. to have been gone
6. I don't recall___________him at the conference.
A. having seen B. to have seen
C. having been seen D. to have been seen
7. ___________in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Having painted B. To have painted
C. Having been painted D.To havebeen painted
Bright (a): sáng
Bright light: ánh sáng
8. The stockbroker denied___________of the secret business deal.
A. having informed B. to have informed
C. having been informed D.to have been informed
Stockbroker: người môi giới chứng khoán
The secret business deal: giao dịch kinh doanh bí mật
9. They now regret___________their son by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled B. to have spoiled
C. having been spoiled D.to havebeen spoiled
Regret: hối tiếc, hối hận
Possession: của cải
10. ___________to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
A. Having invited B. To have invited
C. Having been invited D.To have been invited
11. Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky___________a second
chance.
A. having given B. to have given
C. having been given D. to have been given
12. Are you sure you told me? I don't recall___________about it.
A. having told B. to have told
C. having been told D. to have been told
Bài 10: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The missing children were last seen_playing/to play_(play) near the river.
Be seen to do sth/ be seen doing sth
2. Having completed (complete) the book, he had a holiday.
3. Found (find) only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases.
4. The accident seems_to have happened_(happen) at around 1.00 p.m yesterday.
5. The shoes_made_(make) in China is cheap.
6. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate_having had_ (have) the opportunity to live and study in a
foreign country.
7. Looking (look) down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast.
8. Alex doesn't like to have her picture_taken_ (take). She avoids _being photographed_
(photograph).
9. I don't agree with_smacking_(smack) children if they do something wrong.
10. The book_published__(publish) last month is her first novel.
11. Having photocopied (photocopy) all the papers, Sally put them back in the file.
12. I found a coin_lying_ (lie) on the sidewalk.
13. Our mechanic said that he expects__to have fixed__ (fix) the brake on the car before we pick it
up.
14. It is unpleasant for us to live (live) near busy airports.
15. Having parked/ Parking (park) the car about a kilometre from the stadium, I walked the rest of the
way.