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Sss2 Further Mathematics Lesson Note Week1

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246 views3 pages

Sss2 Further Mathematics Lesson Note Week1

Uploaded by

Principled Muh Ju'mah
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E-LEARNING NOTE

Further Mathematics SSS 2

WEEK ONE

TOPIC :THE CIRCLE: DEFITION , GENERAL EQUATION, EQUATION


OF TANGENT TO CIRCLE
Definition:
A circle is defined as the locus of point equidistant from a fixed point. A circle is
completely specified by the centre and the radius.
Equation of a circle with centre (a,b) and radius r.

PR = x – a, PQ=r
QR = y – b
Since PQR is the right angle triangle, we have:
PQ² = PR² + QR²
r² = (x – a)² + (y – b)²
hence, the equation of a circle with centre (a,b) and radius r is r² = (x – a)² + (y – b)²
if the centre of the circle is the origin (0,0), the equation become x² + y² = r²

Properties of a Circle
Basic Properties
1. Center: A point inside the circle, equidistant from all points on the circle.
2. Radius: The distance from the center to any point on the circle.
3. Diameter: The longest chord of the circle, passing through its center.
4. Circumference: The distance around the circle.
5. Arc: A part of the circumference of a circle.

Geometric Properties
1. All radii are equal: Any two radii of a circle are equal in length.
2. All diameters are equal: Any two diameters of a circle are equal in length.
3. The diameter is twice the radius: The diameter of a circle is equal to twice its radius.
4. Angles in the same segment are equal: Any two angles in the same segment of a circle are
equal.
5. The angle in a semicircle is a right angle: The angle formed by two radii in a semicircle is
always 90 degrees.
Measurement Properties
1. Circumference formula: C = 2πr (where C is the circumference, π is approximately 3.14, and
r is the radius).
2. Area formula: A = πr^2 (where A is the area and r is the radius).

Parts of a Circle
1. Center : The point inside the circle, equidistant from all points on the circle.
2. Radius : The distance from the center to any point on the circle.
3. Diameter : The longest chord of the circle, passing through its center.
4. Circumference: The distance around the circle.
5. Arc: A part of the circumference of a circle.
6. Sector : A region of the circle bounded by two radii and an arc.
7. Segment: A region of the circle bounded by a chord and an arc.
8. Chord: A line segment connecting two points on the circle.
9. Tangent: A line that touches the circle at exactly one point.
10. Secant: A line that intersects the circle at two points.
11. Inscribed angle: An angle formed by two chords or secants that intersect on the circle.
12. Central angle: An angle formed by two radii.
13. Minor arc: An arc that is less than a semicircle.
14. Major arc : An arc that is greater than a semicircle.
15. Semicircle: An arc that is exactly half of the circle.
GENERAL EQUATION OF A CIRCLE
From (x – a)² + (y – b)² = r²
x² – 2ax + a² + y² – 2by + b² – r² = 0
x² + y² – 2ax – 2by + a² + b² – r² = 0

The above equation can be written as x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Where a = - g, b = -f, c = - a² + b² – r²

Hence: x² + y² + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is called the general equation of a circle. observe the
following about the general equation
It is a second degree equation in x and y
ii) The co-efficient of x2 and y2 are equal
iii) It has no xy term

Examples:
Find the equation of a circle of centre (3, -2) radius 4 unit
Solution:
a = 3, b = -2 and r = 4
(x-a)² + (y-b)² = r²
(x-3)² + (y+2)² = 4²
x² – 6x + 9 + y² + 4y + 4 = 16
x² + y² – 6x + 4y + 9 + 4 – 16 = 0
x² + y² – 6x + 4y – 3 = 0
2. Find the centre and radius of a circle whose equation is x² + y² – 6x + 4y – 3 = 0
Solution:
x² + y² – 6x + 4y – 3 = 0
x² – 6x + y² + 4y = + 3
Complete the square for x and y x² – 6x + 9 + y² + 4y + 4 = 3 + 9 + 4
(x – 3)² + (y + 2)² = 16
Compare with (x – a)² + (y – b)² = r²
hence the centre is (3, -2) and the radius is 4 unit

Evaluation:
1. Find the equation of the circle (-1 -1) and radius 3
2. Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 14y + 49 = 0

READING ASSIGNMENT
Read equation of a circle, Further Mathematics Project II

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