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33 views3 pages

Digital 1

Uploaded by

soradesigns21
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Unit 1: Minimization of Logic Functions

Below are the important questions and PYQs for this unit, focusing on key concepts and
frequently repeated topics in exams.

Important Questions

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

1. Define basic logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR) with their truth
tables and applications.
2. State and prove DeMorgan’s Theorems.
3. Simplify the following Boolean expressions using Boolean algebra:
○ A⋅(B+C‾)+A‾⋅BA \cdot (B + \overline{C}) + \overline{A} \cdot BA⋅(B+C)+A⋅B
○ AB+A‾C+BCAB + \overline{A}C + BCAB+AC+BC.

SOP, POS, and Canonical Forms

1. Differentiate between SOP and POS forms. Provide examples for each.
2. What are canonical forms? Explain canonical SOP and canonical POS with examples.
3. Express the following Boolean function in both SOP and POS forms:
○ F(A,B,C)=A⋅B‾+A‾⋅CF(A, B, C) = A \cdot \overline{B} + \overline{A} \cdot
CF(A,B,C)=A⋅B+A⋅C.

Don’t Care Conditions

1. What are "don’t care" conditions? Explain their significance in logic minimization.
2. Simplify the following function using "don’t care" conditions:
○ F(A,B,C)=∑m(1,3,5)+d(0,2,7)F(A, B, C) = \sum m(1, 3, 5) + d(0, 2,
7)F(A,B,C)=∑m(1,3,5)+d(0,2,7).

Karnaugh Maps (K-Maps)

1. What is a K-map? Explain its role in logic minimization.


2. Simplify the following function using a 4-variable K-map:
○ F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(0,1,3,7,8,9,11,15)F(A, B, C, D) = \sum m(0, 1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11,
15)F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(0,1,3,7,8,9,11,15).
3. Explain the process of K-map simplification for 5 and 6-variable Boolean functions.

Quine-McCluskey Algorithm

1. Explain the Quine-McCluskey algorithm with a step-by-step example for a 4-variable


function.
2. Compare K-map and Quine-McCluskey methods for logic minimization.

XOR & XNOR Simplification in K-Maps

1. Simplify the following function using XOR and XNOR operations:


○ F(A,B,C)=A⊕B⋅C‾F(A, B, C) = A \oplus B \cdot \overline{C}F(A,B,C)=A⊕B⋅C.
2. Explain how XOR and XNOR gates can simplify digital circuits.

Binary Codes and Code Conversion

1. What are binary codes? Explain their significance in digital logic design.
2. Explain the following code conversions:
○ Binary to Gray code.
○ Gray to Binary code.
3. Convert the binary number 110111011101 into its equivalent BCD and Excess-3 codes.

PYQs: Frequently Asked Questions

1. Logic Gates: Explain and prove DeMorgan’s theorems with truth tables. (Frequently
asked)
2. SOP/POS Forms: Simplify the Boolean function F(A,B,C)=A⋅B+A‾⋅CF(A, B, C) = A
\cdot B + \overline{A} \cdot CF(A,B,C)=A⋅B+A⋅C in SOP and POS forms. (Common in
exams)
3. K-Maps: Simplify a given 4-variable Boolean function using a K-map. (Repeated in
multiple years)
4. Don’t Care Conditions: Simplify a Boolean function with don’t care conditions using a
K-map. (Frequently asked)
5. Quine-McCluskey Algorithm: Minimize the function F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(1,3,7,11,15)F(A,
B, C, D) = \sum m(1, 3, 7, 11, 15)F(A,B,C,D)=∑m(1,3,7,11,15) using Quine-McCluskey.
(Common in exams)
6. Binary Codes: Explain the process to convert Binary to Gray code and vice versa with
examples. (Repeated)
7. XOR Simplification: Simplify F(A,B,C)=A⊕(B⋅C‾)F(A, B, C) = A \oplus (B \cdot
\overline{C})F(A,B,C)=A⊕(B⋅C). (Frequently asked)
8. Code Conversion: Convert 101011101011101011 from binary to BCD and Gray code.
(Common)

Preparation Tips

1. Master the Basics:


○ Focus on Boolean algebra laws and basic logic gate operations.
○ Understand SOP, POS, and canonical forms thoroughly.
2. K-Map Practice:
○ Solve multiple K-map examples (2-variable to 6-variable).
○ Include don’t care conditions and special cases like XOR and XNOR.
3. Quine-McCluskey Algorithm:
○ Practice the tabular method for logic minimization.
4. Code Conversions:
○ Practice Binary to Gray, Gray to Binary, BCD, and Excess-3 conversions.
5. PYQ Practice:
○ Go through repeated questions on DeMorgan’s Theorems, SOP/POS, K-maps,
and Quine-McCluskey.

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