New Features in JDK 22

### Permanent Features

1. **Region Pinning for G1 (JEP 423)**

- **Before JEP 423**: JNI critical regions could cause thread stalls and increased GC pause times.

- **With JEP 423**: Improved handling of JNI critical regions to minimize GC pause times and

thread stalls.

- **Example**: No direct code change, but GC performance will improve for applications using JNI.

2. **Foreign Function & Memory API (JEP 454)**

- **Before**: Used JNI for calling native libraries, which is complex and error-prone.

- **With JEP 454**: Use a safer and more efficient API for native code interaction.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before: Using JNI

public native void doSomethingNative();

// After: Using Foreign Function & Memory API

try (var session = MemorySession.openConfined()) {

var segment = MemorySegment.allocateNative(100, session);

MemoryAccess.setByteAtOffset(segment, 0, (byte) 1);

```

3. **Unnamed Variables & Patterns (JEP 456)**

- **With JEP 456**: Allows unnamed variables to simplify code.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

int _ = someValue; // Unused variable

// After

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

var _ = someValue;

```

4. **Launch Multi-File Source-Code Programs (JEP 458)**

- **Before**: Required a build tool for multi-file programs.

- **With JEP 458**: Can directly run multi-file programs without a build tool.

- **Example**:

```shell

// Before

javac Main.java

java Main

// After

java Main.java Helper.java

### Preview Features

1. **Statements before `super(...)` (JEP 447)**

- **Before**: Could not place statements before `super(...)` in constructors.

- **With JEP 447**: Can include statements before `super(...)`.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before

class Subclass extends Superclass {

Subclass(int x) {

super(x);

// statements here

// After

class Subclass extends Superclass {

Subclass(int x) {

System.out.println("Initializing...");

super(x);

```
2. **Class-File API (JEP 457)**

- **Before**: Used third-party libraries like ASM for class file manipulation.

- **With JEP 457**: Standard API for class file parsing and generation.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before: Using ASM library

ClassReader cr = new ClassReader(bytes);

cr.accept(new ClassVisitor(Opcodes.ASM9) {

// Implementation

}, 0);

// After: Using Class-File API

ClassFile classFile = ClassFile.read(bytes);

classFile.methods().forEach(method -> {

// Implementation

});

```

3. **String Templates (JEP 459)**

- **Before**: Used string concatenation or `String.format()`.

- **With JEP 459**: Use string templates for more readable code.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before

String name = "John";

String greeting = "Hello, " + name + "!";

String name = "John";

String greeting = STR."Hello, \{name}!";

```

4. **Stream Gatherers (JEP 461)**

- **Before**: Limited intermediate operations in streams.

- **With JEP 461**: Introduces new operations like windowing.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before

List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();

List<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();

for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {

temp.add(data.get(i));

if (temp.size() == windowSize) {

result.add(new ArrayList<>(temp));

temp.clear();

// After

List<List<Integer>> result = data.stream()

.window(windowSize)

.collect(Collectors.toList());
 ```

5. **Structured Concurrency (JEP 462)**

- **Before**: Manual handling of concurrent tasks.

- **With JEP 462**: Easier management of concurrent tasks.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

Future<?> future1 = executor.submit(task1);

Future<?> future2 = executor.submit(task2);

// After

try (var scope = StructuredTaskScope.open()) {

scope.fork(task1);

scope.fork(task2);

scope.join();

```

6. **Implicitly Declared Classes and Instance Main Methods (JEP 463)**

- **Before**: Explicit class and main method declarations required.

- **With JEP 463**: Simplified declarations.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before
 class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

// After

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

```

7. **Scoped Values (JEP 464)**

- **Before**: Managed data sharing manually across threads.

- **With JEP 464**: Scoped values for safe data sharing.

- **Example**:

```java

// Before

ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> 0);

// After

ScopedValue<Integer> scopedValue = ScopedValue.withInitial(() -> 0);

```