CHAPTER 8- ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS

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THE IMPULSE MOMENTUM THEOREM (𝐹∆𝑡 = 𝐽 = 𝑚∆𝑣)
1. The figures below show balls travelling in different directions with different masses.

A B C D
A. Rank the magnitude of the momentum of the balls, greatest first. Explain.
B. Rank the kinetic energy of the balls, greatest first. Explain.

2. Carts with spring plungers run into fixed barriers. The carts are identical, but carrying different
loads and so have different masses. The velocity of the cart just before and after impact is given.

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Calculate the Impulse, 𝐽on each of the carts.

3. A driver in a car moving with a speed of 35.0 m/s suddenly slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a
deer crossing the road. The airbag in the car deploys and brings her body to a stop in 0.500s. Had
the airbag not deployed, the time for her body to stop would have been 0.005s. The mass of the
passenger is 65 kg.
a) What is the Impulse on the driver with and without the airbag?
b) What is the Force on the driver with and without the airbag?

4. When jumping straight down, you can be seriously injured if you land stiff-legged. One way to avoid
injury is to bend your knees upon landing to reduce the force of the impact. A 75-kg man just before
contact with the ground has a speed of 6.4 m/s.
a) In a stiff-legged landing he comes to a halt in 2.0ms. Find the average net force that acts on him
during this time.
b) When he bends his knees, he comes to a halt in 0.10 s. Find the average net force now.

5. Consider an experiment where an object is placed on a pedestal and

you want to knock the object off by throwing a ball at it. You have two
choices, one ball is made of putty that instantly sticks to the object. The
other ball is one made out of rubber, which bounces back after making
contact with the object.

A. If both balls have the same mass and can hit the object with the
same impact velocity, which ball will be more effective at knocking the object off the pedestal?
or are both options equally effective? Explain your reasoning.

B. Let’s add some numbers. Both balls have a mass of 0.05 kg and move towards the block with
a speed of 2.0 m/s. Calculate the change in momentum for the sticky ball.
C. If the collision lasts 0.002 s, what is the Force on the block?

D. The rubber ball rebounds with a speed of 2.0 m/s, but in the opposite direction. Calculate the
change in momentum for the rubber ball.

E. This collision also lasts 0.002 s, what is the Force on the block?

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CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM IN COLLISIONS (𝑝𝑜 = 𝑝𝑓)
6. Objects A and B (m A = 6.0 kg, mB = 2.0 kg) have a head on collision as
shown. Immediately before the collision, Object A has velocity 8.0 m/s to
the right and Object B has velocity 16 m/s to the left.
a. Two students are asked about the total momentum of the objects:
Student 1: I think that the total momentum is 80 kg m/s because I just added the two momenta:
𝑚𝐴𝑣𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵𝑣𝐵.
Student 2: But isn’t momentum a vector? Does this mean that we have to subtract the momenta
because they point in different directions?
Do you agree or disagree with both or either of these students? Explain.

b. Immediately after the collision, Object A has velocity 1.0 m/s to the right.
What is the magnitude and direction of the momentum of Object B
immediately after the collision? What is its velocity?
 c. What if, instead, Object A has a velocity of 1.0 m/s to the left. What is the
magnitude and direction of the momentum of Object B immediately after the
collision? What is its velocity?

d. Last one, Let’s let the objects stick together after the collision. What is the
magnitude and direction of the momentum of the system immediately
after the collision? What is its velocity?

7. A boy stands on a stationary boat floating near the pier. The boy jumps out
of the boat toward the pier. Explain what happens to the motion of the boat in
terms of conservation of momentum.

8. After sliding down a snow-covered hill on an inner tube, Ashley is coasting across a level snowfield
at a constant velocity of +2.7 m/s. Miranda runs after her at a velocity of +4.5 m/s and hops on the
inner tube. How fast do the two slide across the snow together on the inner tube? Ashley's mass is 71
kg and Miranda's is 58 kg. Ignore the mass of the inner tube and any friction between the inner tube
and the snow.

9. A car (mass = 1100 kg) is traveling at 32 m/s when it collides head-on with a sport utility vehicle
(mass = 2500 kg) traveling in the opposite direction. In the collision, the two vehicles come to a halt.
At what speed was the sport utility vehicle traveling?

10. A mine car (mass = 440 kg) rolls at a speed of 0.50 m/s on a horizontal
track, as the drawing shows. A 150-kg chunk of coal has a speed of 0.80 m/s
when it leaves the chute. Determine the speed of the car–coal system after
the coal has come to rest in the car.

11. Object A is moving due east, while object B is moving due north. They collide and stick together in
a completely inelastic collision. Momentum is conserved. Object A has a mass of m A = 17.0 kg and
an initial velocity of 8.00 m/s , due east. Object B, however, has a mass of mB=29.0 kg and an initial
velocity of 5.00 m/s due north. Find the magnitude and direction of the total momentum of the
two-object system after the collision.

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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AND MOMENTUM ( 𝑝𝑜 = 𝑝𝑓; 𝑚𝑔ℎ𝑜 + 2
𝑚𝑣𝑜 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ𝑓 + 2
𝑚𝑣𝑓)
12. In the following picture, a sled with a mass of 10 kg starts at rest at Point A and slides down the
frictionless path as shown.
 A. What is the speed of the cart at point C?

B. When the cart reaches point C, it collides with and sticks to an identical 10 kg sled. What is the
speed of both of the sleds after the collision?
C. Do the sleds have enough kinetic energy after the collision to make it to point D?

13. A 0.010-kg bullet moving 1,000 m/s strikes and sticks to a 2.0-kg block initially at rest, as shown.
To what maximum height will the block rise above its initial position?

14. A ballistic pendulum is a device used to measure the speed of projectiles. It consists of a block of
wood that hangs from a string. When the projectile hits the block, it
causes the block to move upwards. In most devices, we measure the
angle that the rope moves. In this device, we will measure the height
that rises to. The mass of the block of wood is 2.50-kg and the mass
of the bullet is 0.0100-kg. The block swings to a maximum height of
0.650 m above the initial position. Find the initial speed of the bullet.