m

21
MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
a change
in
pe doP
Problem 2:
presso
Energy Balance

N APE
=

HKE+
+

EF
+
In a given ßow, the inlet conditions are P1=365kPag and
D1=100mm and the outlet conditions are P,=0kPag and
Hagen-poiseville (For laminar flow) D2=50mm. Find the volumetric ßowrate and neglect
viscous effects. The ßuid is water. default

/p 32MUL
=
↑
P2 ↑
solution: I notsure laminaror
if

changeinity
(change
insize)
bulent
⑨

Problem 1: (LAMPNAR) N
(E +SF
=

clue for APE +

type offlow
+

↓expectedthatD small is

Calculate the radius of the capillary tube in mm, such

↑
We only have workif there are:

that it is the ßow of a viscous ßuid. -

Pump, compressors, turbine or expander,

matans and
viscosity
Kinematic viscosity = 0.000043m^2/s (V) &
so W 0
=

Length of tube = 50.2cm (L)

Mass ßowrate = 0.003kg/s (m) W (t)
=

W (-
=

Density of ßuid = 955kg/m (p) For DPE we need height difference so DPE =0.

Pressure drop = 4.77atm (XP) "Neglectviscous effects", so f 0 =

AKE -P continuity
eq.
2
Solution: 422 -

4,z p1 Pz
=
-
u,D2 uzD2 =

For laminar flow, D

=

A vp P U. (100mm) 2
12
=

(50mm)
-
u 29C
=

* P u2 4U1
=

AP 32
=

MOuL (4u,)2 4,2 -

= 365,000 Pa-0
P2 1000 kg/m3
32(8p)uL
=
velocity
D2

For mass flow rate, Cusing continuity eq.)

·(3.97415m/s =

m UAP,
=

from here we will get y To volumetric Flowrate, multiply

get a to cared
A
to
u substituting hagen
=

m p4 AP Q u,A1
=

6.97415m/s
=

(t) . om
32v)(p)
=

p2 Q 0.0548m3/s
=

solving for Diameter: DP =

31 unit of pressure:Pa omIN

D =

4
128mLy 4(28(0,003kg(s) (0.502m) (0.000043ms)
=

iT AP
π(4.77a+m)
=

↓
Sislameag/m ( -
s

D 1.52855x10"m = 1.52855mm
=

r 0.764mm
=
 -

Ene
MOMENTRA
in
size

-neight diff,parse
·

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
xkE
4) W xPE

SF
=

+
- -

+
- +

Problem 3: xP
-

Water is stored in a elevated reservoir. To generate

in() (all (
power, water ßows from the reservoir down through a m =

large conduit to a turbine and then through a similar-

sized conduit. At a point in the conduit 89.5m above the
turbine, the pressure is 172.4 kPa, and at a level 5m
below the turbine, the pressure is 89.6kPa. The water 41 12.25414
=

ft/s
ßowrate is 0.8m^3/s. The output of the shaft of the
turbine is 658kW. The water density is 1000kg/m. If
u(D!)
+
4, D1 UnD2
=
=

y
the efÞciency of the turbine in converting the
↑

mechanical energy given up by the ßuid to the turbine

shaft is 89%, calculate the friction loss in the turbine
12.25414(j)
=

(n
49.81657+s
=

in J/kg. Ives turbine

=

uz nXkE
work
and
0 =
0.8 mY/s 0
=

- 40P,x+ 49.014572
C +
-

1.25414)f+4s(0- 10) int +

solution Ibm
W 658kW
2(32.17m
-

i =

62. 285
P =

1000 kg/m3 s
29C

music 1 0.89 =

E1=? 144in2 [F
film (fH20)
x + 28.11
=
+

2
1ft

1.Saskia,
&F 28.11
=

ft-16 for 28.11 ftH20

16m

W APE Problem 5:
=

4 3F
+
+

b
+

If W is
negative (),Wact Wtheo1 =
Water at 20¡C is pumped at a constant rate of 9m hr
Wtheo:Wact from a large reservoir resting on the ßoor to the open
I top of an experimental absorption tower. The point of
Wact
=
-458kW APE: gh discharge is 5m above the ßoor, and the frictional
72,400)Pat EF
358,0006/5 9.81(-89.5 5m) (89,600- losses in the 50mm pipe from the reservoir to the top
-

=
+
-

1000
kg/m3 of the tower amount to 2.5J/kg. At what height in the
0.89(0.8m)(1000) 27 85.695xg
=

reservoir must the water level be kept if the pump can

only develop 0. 1kW?

Munettetes ·
8G 9m/hr =

I= 3.55/kg
=

j. 1
tower
Problem 4: 5m
W 0.1 kW
=

me
Water at 20¡C enters an inclined 1in-ID pipe where the
upstream pressure is at 10psig. The downstream point
is 1/2in-ID and 40ft below the upstream point where reservoir is atm pressure (unless given)
the water discharges at 30gpm to the atmosphere. WbE xk=
=
+
+ Er
4
+

What is the frictional loss in ft H20?.

getting Pitzo & 200 on AB (Chapter 2pg.98) 2-94

getting 12

interpolation
292&294

temp. 293.15k 998.1548

=
to convert

kg/m3 x (0.0424)
5) Eng.
to u =

q "jam(0) 127324m/s
=

62.285/b/ft3
=
 MOMENTRA

ontosons
-

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
ni
5) PA20 @20¡C 998.1568kg/m3
=

W 125.845
=

100
dixidemanageget ag
JIS
APE

(20) empire -

9 (n2 hi)-
inmini casta) (ir,y (icist,it
16m

amones
walang
so
Q
i

n 1.25m =
+ a.**
J/xg "(,)
Wtheo = 7 hp
7. 7 3 hP
=

I
wtheo
Problem 6: =0 50%
0
x
=

⑭Wast
In a certain chemical plant, the carbonate solution used in 1

the absorption tower is pumped continuously from the Problem 7:

bottom of the lye storage tank through a standard 4in
pipe and then through spray heads at the top of the A town delivers its water supply from a lake nearby,
scrubber. The depth of the solution in the storage tank is pumping it up to a standpipe on the highest hill. The
10ft and the vertical distance from the spray head to the intake to the system is 10ft below the lake surface, the
bottom of the tank is 110ft. In a test for this equipment inlet to the pump is 15ft above the lake surface, and the
the following data were obtained: water level in the tank is kept constant at 310ft above
the tank discharge. The friction loss is 140ft-Ib/lm of
rate of ßow = 200gpm; water through 6000ft of 4in pipeline which includes the
density = 68.9lbm/ft3; total equivalent length of all piping from the lake to the
friction drop from tank to spray head = 15lbf-ft/lbm water tower. The pump capacity is 6000gh and the
gauge pressure on spray head = 5psi; water pump set is 85% efÞcient. What would be the
power input to pump = 14hp. hourly pumping cost if electric power is 7.5/kW-hr?
Calculate the efÞciency of the pump. 21 140ft -1bf/lbm
=

1 0.85
=

9 gal/hr
(standard) 6000
=

solution:
⑧
D 4in SC40
=

slower pot
Q 200
:

gal/min
in
I
3
P 68.9(bm/ft
&

110ft
If 15ft -16 f/1bm
=

P2 5psig W DPE+DKE+DP+ EF
(the
=
=

of
w P
Wact=14hP
HB:Chapter 10 pg. 78 (310 15) ft -1bf
Nact-o 1, N 140 =445 t
= + +

solving for Wthes

Diameter 4.026 in=
(ID) Kapag magcoconvertngWIbm
ft ft
- ~ - Nact.
to power, use 1. To get

W DPE=
bkF
+ +

EF W 445ft -1bf
=

1
+

(u)
1bm

0.85
coos") (un) (gal) (s) (t,)
solving for velocity

u =
=

() (a) (not /cost

N 13.82754 hp
=

c
(13.82754 hp)
(0.7)
=

u 5.04016ft/s
=

C 77.4/hr-hourly pumping
=

cost

(110 10)1b)
(500m((*)
w = -
+

<
W 125.84474 ft-1b)
=

1bm +
15ft-1bf
1bm
 m

()
MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
to
-

getup, multiply N to m

Problem 8:
(5)()(13.252) 10.87)(2.403)(int?)
-
u(p (3.2573 + in
=

m = +

A steel pipe having an inside diameter of 13.25in is to be m 169.324871b/5

=

designed to carry 48000bbl of oil per 24hr day from a N 14650.19801f

bif(149.324875m) +)
= +

mid-continent Þeld to a reÞnery 580mi& from the source. |bm

The difference in elevation of the t wo ends of the line is W 5,125.98 hp

=

negligible. At an average temperature involved, the oil

has an absolute viscosity of 50cP and a speciÞc gravity Problem 9:
of 0.87. Calculate the horsepower required to overcome
friction in the pipeline. S
Water is ßowing at a rate of 80gpm through 50ft of an
Friction losses (common) annular conduit made of 1/2in and 1.25in Sch40 steel
FfV Ek
=

y Fittings & Fs 2f(y2

=
skin friction
pipe. What is the pressure drop? Assume as average
29C values g(D properties, a density of 62.3lb/ft^3 and a viscosity of
D 13.25 in
0.88cP.
u 50cP
=
=

bb)
9 40,000 0.87 DIEis ① 80 gal/min
=

x
= =

day pipeline
=

1 580 mi
=
W ?
= cancelled 1 50ft=

W DPE =

DKE PB
+

N =
default P 62.3/bm/ft3
[F; 2f(u
+
+ - =

Step
1 isto
getu
p

(velocity)
·DEA. ID,
(inside
1.95insch40
diameter)
M 0.88cP
=

u =

·
48,000bb)
=

j(p.5(4)in2(T*) (39)
day
(nut) (at) H. B

B, (OD)
(Chapter 10-2

0.84 in;P2
=
- 93)
((p) 1.38 in
=

xd
/4D2 HYDRAULIC DIAMETER ('ag dicircular
ung pipe)
u 3.2573ft/s (Annular pipe)
=

D2-D1 1.38 0.84:0.54 in

= -

DH =

=?
W DPE
$D IF
=
+
DKE + + -

basta pipe, may friction

To
getIF, we need to getRe
(3.9573"fs)(07)(u2.443/f
D
DUP
3)) in) 2fLu2
+

Re 13.25 in DP
-
= +

= =

50cp(6.72X10 "(b/ft-5)
-
⑨
M gcD

① get the velocity

Re 5,811.08438
(iii) themen (7)
=

u 8
= 80
=
gal min

4109/0.7E+(p)"9]
A
using churchilled, getf.
(
=
-
I(,,020.04) i

f =

-
u 27.25869ft/s
=

G-109(50 (5)09]y
1 ②Betpe-Agaraulicdiameterse .2aAs)(a2sIb/fa)
f M (b/ft-s)
0.88(6.72x15 ifthe
(son.ouso "315
=

9-410g/0.27
ootc(**)
+

C
Re
129,227.0926
=

③ f =

2 Hog(037a ()09]3 -
+

f 9.10117x18-3;
=

f. G 410g(0.27(0.000155)(in)
2

= -

0.54in
(,2a,zi.oaca)093
+

N =

a(9.18117x153)(500mi)(3.25734) 7.0 3 3 1 5 x 1 5 -
f
=

( inin) (5,00 ⑬
(13.25in)
(mi
62.313/43
=

BAXI-COFCATHE iMe)
mi
32.17

N 16,450.19001
=
ft-1bf/1bm 137 -
52 -

ΔP 156.18ps
=

-
DD 22,489.721331b7/()'*YMyin)
=
 m

&
21
MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Problem 11:
Problem 10:
Hot water in an open storage tank at 82.2¡C is being
Water ßowing at 2.27m3/hr at 320K is pumped through a pumped at a rate of 0.379m3/min from the storage tank.
40mm ID pipe, through a length of 150m in a horizontal The line from the storage tank to the pump suction is 6.1m
direction, and up through a vertical height of 10m. of in Sch40 steel pipe and it contains 3 elbows. The
In the pipe there is a control valve, equivalent to 200 discharge line after the pump is 61m of in Sch40 steel
pipe diameters, and other pipe Þttings equivalent to 60 pipe and contains 2 elbows. The water discharges to the
pipe diameters. Also in the line is a heat exchanger across atmosphere at a height of 6.1m above the water level in
which the head lost is 1.5m water. Assume that the main the storage tank. What is the power requirement of the
pipe has a roughness of 0.2mm. What power must be pump if its efÞciency is 75%? I atm

supplied to the pump if it is 60% efÞcient?

*
-
6./m

athcopers
#
Q 2.27
=
m3/hr A.B:0:989.307 kg/m3
5.914x10-4pa-s
=

T 320K M =

D =

1 150m
40mm

(H) =

N DPE DKE
abons
1 is
EF
=
+ +
+

10m(V) P 6.1M
⑥ ·
n 10m W DPE
+(P 2F
=

2insch40
=

XKE +

get velocity (n)

① T 82.20f
=

0.50on Q 0.379ms/min AB:D 2.067m

227mM)
= =

u
=

=
=

e
:970.3825kg/m3
M 3.44936x154pa
= -
5

① Re =

(989.3874g/m3)
0.04m(0.50178m/s) ①
getvelocity 1 0.75
=

(elbow)
= 4kg/m s
0.37aOmismin(astiimin:c.alin
-

5.914x10 u
0
=
- =

see
33578.27358
=

Re

③ f
2.067in(2.91775m/s)(970.3825kg/m3)
f
3+(E) 09/32 ② Re Dy)
min)
=
= =

9 419(-y
-

M
3.44936x10-4kg/m-s

Re 430,950.6822
=

f e
9 4109/0.2710.2mm
=

(,0.2 "932 ③ f (using churchill)

f 8.34929x10-
=
f =

9 -

110g(0253)(=1)09]33
Energy Bali
SPECgh)
9.8)m/s(101.5)m+ f 1)
p9X18-3)
=

(130,50.5a)
N
=

ito.otoloyen 9 49(0.27(0,000
+ +

n)
+
-

0.04m f :4.96886x10-
g(D

y 2(4.94884X10 3)(4.1 61)m(2.917754)

-

130.725835/kg N
=

9.81m(b.1m)775)
=

N +
+

N
=

130.725835/kg (2.27m3/hr) (989.307kg/m3) (n r/3000s) 2.067m

0.6 -

efficiency
+
39.37

N 135.9 =

=136W 5(075)(2N54)) elbows

180.184045/69
=

·N
108.18065/kg) 0.379m3/min)(970.3025 kg/min31)ig)
=

0.75

N 1538N=1.5kW
=
 m

&
21
MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
&
..
-

13. *P = 2f(y)
P
Problem 12: g2 D

((z) (220498(s,7) (0bin) (144 +)

""
''

Re f p
=

egcsp =
+

A pump discharges ethanol at 38¡C into a smooth tube of M 22 6.86381x154 2(1328

50mm ID of a gage pressure of 280kPa. This pipe is 40m Re 2692.5032.
=

long and supplies ethanol at a gage pressure of 140ka to a

reactor. What is the volumetric ßowrate of ethanol to 48(-
70 ))
the reactor? There is negligible change in elevation +- = 5.43232x15-
3

bet ween the pump and reactor. P=820kg/m3 and M=0.9cP. 7 4109(25%)
-

FF/5 Ets=

Ckung nawawala and volumetric flowrate (a), itmeans problem is

used) 2(5.43232x15-3) (1320 ft) u

( 2)
144in7

(ii)
pseudo-trial. Colebrook's eg. will be S
0.251bf/in> =

1+

32.17bmftin se
+

D 50mm
62.28498/m
=

P1 280
=

kpag N(PE =

(E
+
+

2F G/A+Q uA
1P
+
=

u =

1 40m 0.79072
H/s()(x2)in.ti)(3000s) 7
Moal (
=

u = +

2f(uz
-

P2 140 kPag
=

P
=

8 820
=

kg/m3 g.D Q 4,181.33313 gal/hr

=

M 0.9cP =

1.5 Problem 14: (Wact) (1) wthes

=

Re f D PgCDP 0.05"5
820(1) (200,000
=

140,000
-

M 2L 0.9x10
-
3
2/48 UnreÞned oil whose density and viscosity are 920kg/m
Re 14881.21693
and 0.0002m?/, respectively, is pumped through a 75m
f =

smooth tube, 5 = 0 long 4in ID pipe. The pump requires 3kW power and its
Colebrooks Eq. efÞciency is 70%. What is the average mass ßowrate of oil
through the pipe?
90 )i)
4(9(- 1
-

+= 1
3.74428 xo
=
e
~

N DPE+AKE
=
nont pipe only

pP 2F;
+
N =
2fLuz

L 49(88. a) a
-
gcD

wa*5/s(0) 2f(1stre
=
3 unknown Kay a
DP
2(3.7660x10-3)(im)(n2)
-

(280,000 140,000)Pa -

=
M
4/39.37
trial & error

"
in
820kg/m3 0.05m g2D m
uA(
u(IB)
=
=

p
co
1 5.32281m/s
=

u
a(;a
= =
uA
(5.3228m(s)(E)(0.054m=
=
m 7. 4 5 8 7 6 4subs.
=

- to the firsted.

Q 0.01
=

m"/s 30005/s(0.7) 150+ 4 1 Deq. for y

,0.1987
= =
=

7.4 5 8 7 6 u 4/39.37

Problem 13: (Y(39.37)1

Re
508.001824029.to
=

() u
=
-
=

0.0002
How many gallons of water at 68¡F can be delivered viscosity
through a 1320ft length of smooth 6in ID pipe under a Trial:f 0.003 =
(default
for trial)
pressure difference of 0.25psi? substitute to
HB:8: 998.1568kg/m3x(0.0624) 162.2849813/ft3 =

u 3 =
0.1907 =

3
0.1907 3.99095
=

M 1.0214x10-Pa s(0.672) 6.86381x101b/ft-

=
-
=
f 0.003
Laminar
=

Re 508.001024 508.00102(3,99095) 2027.40757

=
=

N DPE=

DKE
+
+

2F f 16
=

=
16 7.8 9 1 8 5 x 1 0 -
xP
+
=

32 notsame
2027.40757 as 0.003 >
so we do
have to trial 2.
 -
MOMENTRA
En
-

SAMPLE PROBLEMS using churchill

14) f U
Re f f D Re f
3
0.003
3.99095 2027.40757 7.8 9 1 8 5 x 1 0 - 0.0030.21887 8712631.49/4.504x10-3
3
7.8 9 1 8 5 x 1 0
-

2.89106 1468.66/95 0.01089 4.504x10 30.22706

-

8398624.198 4.467x10-
0.01089 2.59648 1319.01207 0.012/3 4.467x10-30.2268884005159.599 4.46695x18- 3
0.01213/
⑳11 U
1272.59753 0.01257 - x 0.22688ft
=

(0.300m) 0.069m
=

m 7. 4 5 8 7 6 4 7
=

=
45874(2.50511)
-

Problem 16:
m 18.685
=

kg/S Natural gas, which is essentially methane, is being

pumped through a 1.016m diameter pipeline for a
Problem 15: distance of 160900m at a rate of 2.077kmol/s. It can be
A large, high-pressure chemical reactor contains water at -
assumed that the line is isothermal at 288.8K. The
a pressure of 2000psi. The pipe connected to the reactor pressure at the discharge end of the line is 170300Pa.
ruptured at a point 1Oft from the reactor. If the Calculate the pressure at the inlet of the pipe. The
volumetric ßowrate of the water at the instant of viscosity of methane can be taken as 0.0000104Pa-s.
rupture is 7500gal/min, approximate the diameter of the Isothermal Compressible Flow R=8314.345/molk
mass flow

pipe. Assume M(viscosity) =1cP and T=90¡C. 6 mass

=

velocity (m/A up)

AB 0 965.2929kg/m3 (0.0224) 60.23428/b/f34,2 422 4f162R+
262+in() uA
= = = -

m
=
=
+

DM
W DPE+YKE+DP
=

P
+ EF
MW methane
m=
D =

1.016 m
=

1 160900m
=

molar flow rate

06
A (6.077 (m)
=

=
(14) 4
cri 2.077 kmol/s
=

e T 288.8k
=

P2 170,300 Pa
=

M 0.0000104 Pa-s
=
6 40.99012
=
Y4(1,0142)m2
kg/m2 s

contents (itis ② Re B0 =

M
(.016m) (40.99012kg/m2s)
=

0.0000104 kg/m-s (Pars)

4004419.343
=

using churchill
eq.
305369.7175
(2 40)
=
+

f
" -yl0g/o** (n2)"9]} +

u 7500 21.27455
=

0 39. For y
=

2(7.481)(40) D2
2.79644x10-3
=

Ip f
<-nrg/0.27c0.0.s="mt+(a.sys)")3
=

305369.7170
(21.254551 4)
=
+

1016mm
1.016M

I
$5305369.7178

L
452.60648D 18104.2591175
=

54
+

55 I 4,
2
P22 4f162RT =

DM
262+in()
+ factor out
20
305369.717845 pir -p
452.60648D 262k
(2x (n)))
+

18104.25911f
= + =

4,2-1703002
2(40.99012148314.34)(288.8)(2(2.79644x153(160900+n(id)
-

Re Du =
=
D(2127455/12)(60.23428) 10 1.014

4
M 6.72 x 10 41 690204.584249690.2kPa
=

Re 1906930.359
=

+yyog (0c+ ()"3--usist-snal)"9}

 5/2002.5 (monoatomic) 5/3 (mono
Cp
=

y =
=

1.67

·
E MOMENTRA (p 712 or 3.5 (diatomic)
:

Cp=9/2 or 4.5 (polyatomic)

y =
7/5:1.4(di)

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
10)
5A 9.654994s(44)(i)(3,46
a
=
-

= -

Problem 17: 0.041254/3

9 645613.39 ft3/hr
=

Nitrogen gas is ßowing through a 4in Sch40 steel pipe at

25¡C. The ßow rate is 7.4x102kg/s and the ßow is assumed Adiabatic Compressible Flow

isothermal. The pipe is 3000m long and the inlet ·

Energy Balance ina Nozzle. Mach Number

pressure is 200kPa. What is the outlet pressure? H DKE

D =
Ma 1 =

=
a
D 4.026 in =

H. B. Stagnation Temperature
·

M 1.77167
=

x10- 5pa-s To T
=
·
If Ma<1, flow SUBSONIC
is

+
4x109 (in)
06 m =
=
=9.010013/e ·

If Ma=1, flow isSONIC

A ·

a atany point
velocity If Ma>I, flow is SUPERSONIC

speed
·

u 2Cp
=

(To-t of sound
② (4,024in)(9.01001kg/m2
Re
=
1.77167x155kg/m -
s
s)(stin) 52,005.60447
=

Note: should
R be expressed per unit MASS. Ma=1,
a yRT
=

naaachieve sa throat
I
③ f =
5.57530x10
=
10 1
=
Y- 1 M a 2
+

I yt
=

y gamma
=

G-Yog(j, t(s)"9)2 stagnation I 2

p2
I (iy1May)
=

* (Y 1)
=
+

p,2 262RT
(it i)))
- =

8 (1 y Maz) =(t)
n =
+
+

2(9.01001)
2

200,000 =
"(0314.34)(298.15)/2(5to1000m) +n(500)]
28 (MWNc) Problem 19-22:
P2 187872.41 PG
=
187.87kP9 stagnation!
19. Air enters a converging-diverging nozzle at
Problem 18: 1MPa and 800K with negligible velocity. The ßow is steady,
one-dimensional, and isentropic. For an exit Mach Number
Methane at 60¡F is ßowing at steady a steady state mass of 2, and a throat area of 20cm?, calculate the throat and
rate through a steel main having an inside diameter of exit temperatures.
12in. The absolute pressure drops from 40am to 20atm, in =

a length of 500mi of substantially horizontal pipe.

I 2 t
1
=

2
+

Calculate the hourly rate of ßow expressed as ft3

measured at 60¡F and normal barometric pressure. Assume w = 10
1+
=

(2)"
temp
Throat
that the friction factor can be empirically determined 7 444.44k
=

using the Weymouth Equation: f 0.008 T 667K

=

3
D(in)
f 8 3.49432x18--
20. Determine the throat and exit pressures.
=
-

3
12

p2 +1) I (1+E)ma)
=

p,2
20+(2x (n)))
- =

# i I (1+4(2) i
-

40(101325)
220110125:2640314.34)(200.7)(2(3.12/39.37
49432x15%(500)(1409)+in()]
=

900,043.744862(18446.02899 (n(2)7
1.232810675x18" = +
p* 0.528 MPA
=
p 0.128 M49
=

47.1797(5xxg)(
3:

48m) 9.454491/ft2 =

AM =4.75(141/mr ;ee
=

6
m iO
=
=

Pressu Ibn
 -
EE MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
-

24. Determine T.
21. Determine the throat and exit velocities. 1
= +

M
*
TY)
o
y 2(p(T0
= -

ya (800-66i
2(4)(a) (0.38866)
=

12 1
i
+
=

7 395.26k
=

x* 516.44m/s throat
-

= y

25. Determine P.
n

n
2(p (To
=

(34)(800
=

444.44444)
-

re)
-
-44303:/1+10.38844)2)
-
p 95.91kPa
=

-
exitvelocities
u 844.73=

m/s
Flow Devices
Metering
22. Determine the exit area. For Venturi, nozzle and orifice meters,

(r)man] ut a 2gch XP
=

=
2 2g,
1 B4 -(1 Y)
-
-

where:
dem S( ()2] Jest
"

Ut
:
throat velocity

A 33.75cm2
=

B diameter ratio
=

(throat
over pipel
P:density of pipe fluid.
Problem 23-25: C:coefficient of discharge (0.98 for venturi,
0.61 for orifice nozzle)
23. Nitrogen enters a duct with varying ßow area at
400K, 100kPa, and a Mach Number of 0.3. n
nm( -1)(5):
=

Assuming steady isentropic ßow rate, determine Ma at a

location where the ßow area has been reduced by 20%. Where:

hm"manometer reading
a
I (1+man) manometer fluid.
1 Pm:density
H+
M of

I 2
= =

average velocity the

- ratio
t,
:(i(0.3)4
to For pitot tube, between average & isat
max

400
1+
=

(0.3)2 Chapter 10 13
umax =29ch p.

to 407.2k =

Po 106.44303 kPa
=

"The
Az 0.8 Al
=2.0351;
=

* 0.8(a) (0.8)(2.0351) 1.62805

=

= =

s
12280s
va (, , ('* * 494 I
-

Ma 0.38864 =
 -
MOMENTRA
&
21
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
&

Problem 28:
Problem 26:
A sharp-edged circular oriÞce meter is fabricated to
measure water ßowing at a rate not exceeding 1200f3/hr,
A sharp-edged circular oriÞce meter is to be used to measure with a differential head of 30inHg. What oriÞce diameter
the ßowrate of water at 20¡C (p=1000kg/m¡, = 1cP) in a in inches is required if B=1/5?
pipeline with an internal diameter of 250mm. The oriÞce
diameter is 50mm. The reading of a mercury manometer at
the throat tap position is 242mm.
Calculate the ßowrate in L/s.

n
hm(fm 1)(9(9)
=

-
Q:Ay=
Dc egch S
ninfenolados-y,meat 1 -
t
(15)
4

h 0242m) 7,000 1)(9.8)

=
-
1 -

84 D T 0.12420 ft
=

(in)
h 29.912655/k9
=
① 9.274S
:

DT 1.49 in
=

G
Iorniepoye2(29.9(45)
=

9.27410
=
ms Problem 29:

(50) in
1.
t A Venturi meter is to be installed in a 100mm line to
measure ßow of water at 15¡C. The minimum ßowrate is
75m/hr. The manometer reading is 1.25mHg. What is the
Problem 27: throat diameter?
HB. 8:999.0549kg/m3
The water output of a puriÞcation plant is measured by the

-1Corinpi.... .Read
use of a standard Venturi meter with a throat 12in in
diameter. The differential head from the upstream section
to the throat, measured on a vertical U-tube manometer
containing mercury was found to be in. Calculate the rate
of water ßow expressed as gal/day. Assume B=0.5.
0.039m = 39mm
=

Di

n
nm(fn
=

1)(9/0)99.233l i s hP.N co
-

Problem 30:

Ne Water at 60¡F ßows through a 3in Sch40 pipe. A pitot tube

"iniill* 1,800

Q 7314750.57
:
*(*10()(
gal/day
in the pipe shows a 3inHg differential. If the pitot tube is
located at the center of the pipe, what is the mass
ßowrate of water?
HB:0: 998.967kg/m3x(0.0624) 62.33554151773
=

u 1.13454x10- 3Pa
=

5(0.672)=7.62411x10"(3/1
-

-s

D 3.068 in
=

n
nm(f 1)(9/9)) sin) h) (BCA04) 1)
=

-
=
- =
3.1535

Umax 2gch
=

Remax BNumax
=

2(32.17)(3.1535)
(7008)Y14.2442)(62.33554)
=

Remax =

Umax 1.2442 ft/s

4
-

7.6 2 4 1 1x 10

Remax 297,754.7653
=
 -
MOMENTRA
-
Ene
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
so) HB
max 0.84 13 e

3) Uax-c) (urmay=1.0747"-a
=

2(32.17)
average
u 0.84(14.2442)11.96513 ft/s
= =
h

yAp
11.94513y()(4)(42.33554(/+3) 2 1
=
-

m
=

m 38.29 Ib/s
=
am 2. 19142
=

4
-
-
1
0.17392
=

ftHg)
hm (inAg) 2.09 in
=

Ag

Problem 31: PUMPS

·
NPSH

A pitot tube is used to measure the ßowrate of water at -

20¡C in the center of a pipe having an inside diameter of -P*) 92E F

9c(patm
=

NPSH -z -

102.3mm. The manometer reading is 78mmCCl4 at 20¡C. I

The pitot tube coefÞcient is 0.98. Calculate the volumetric Problem 33:
ßowrate of water in m3/s.
HB: PCC14 0.99835
=

0.27
10.3537
=

mol/dm A cooling water pump is operating at a speed of 2800 pm.

0.274(1+1 -

3,.,j) Its ßow rate is 1000 gal/min at a head of 160 ft. If the
-x1y 10.3537mx pump speed is increased to 5000 pm, determine the new
1592.437kg
=

153.8239x9x88)
=

L
e power requirement.
PH20 998.1568 kg/m3
=

160

has lbf
para maging per set
-

M 1.0214 x10
=

kg/m3 solve for in

n
hm(( 1)(99):0070m()(98)
=

0.45572

mit,inastoneissoe
=
-

2(0.45572)
=

29ch 0.98 0.9356

=

c
=

Umax

Remax DUmax =

0.1023 (0.9356.) (998.1568)

=
93,533.75429
=

3
-

M 10
10214 x

0.83(0.9354)0.77655m/s Pq(N)3;
HB:4/umax
:(i)
=
=

9 4A =

0.77455m/s(My)(0.10234m2
=

a 6.38 =

x 10
mYs as (5880)
So
"
p 171.79kw
=
=

Problem 32:

What is the differential reading in a pitot tube inserted in

an 8in nominal pipe carrying 1600gpm of water?
Assume mercury in the pitot tube.
gal/min
(a)(t)
u =

1600 1.2179 sts

0
=

poinlill"
=((8in)(ii)] (10.21179)(xiii)
Re 632,158.9143
=

1 =

4
6.72x10

HB: =
u/Umax 0
0479= 11.87417f
e
 ES MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
&

Problem 34: Problem 36:

A centrifugal pump is to be placed above a large, open

A water supply tank and pump are connected as shown. The water tank and is to pump water at a rate of 0.5ft3/s. At
pressure at point a is 13.6 psia and the water is at 20 ¡C this ßowrate, the required PSH is 15ft, as speciÞed by the
with a vapor pressure of 0.34 psia. The system has a manufacturer. The water temperature is 80¡F and
atmospheric pressure is 14.7psi. Assume that the major
friction loss of 4.34 ft. Calculate the NPSH of the pump.
head loss bet ween the tank and the pump inlet is due to
Þlter at the pipe inlet having a minor loss coefÞcient of 20.
Other losses can be neglected. The pipe on the suction side
of the pump has a diameter of 4in. Determine the maximum
height that the pump can be located above the water
S
surface without cavitation.

HB'. 996.56149kg/m3(0.0624)62.185441b/ft3
=
=

8H20
(n13 pg.14pX 26.14642
two
(M.7p
=

0.50573ps
-

AB: 8:998.1568xg/m3 62.23513/ft3

=
r =

cancel and g kapag eng. units NDSH g2 (Paton px)

= -

-
IFdue to fittings & values

NPSH =
-

p) 7 e 39 7-st EFfV 2k
patm
- - =

⑨ 2gC

NPSA 144(13.6 -0.34) ( 16) 15 144)(4.7 0.5057377 28(5.7295872 n

R
=
= -

4.34
= -

- - -

62.385 62.18544
2(32.17) ts
NPSH 36.32
=

ff u 5.72958fHs
=

7 7. 6 6 f t
=

Problem 35:
ADIABATIC COMPRESSORS

Hexane (SG=0.68) is being pumped from a storage tank Work Formula

maintained at atmospheric pressure. is 6ft above grade,

while the eye level of the pump impeller is 2ft above grade. w

p,vz/() 1]
=

Friction and other losses in the suction line amount to 1psi.

At operating conditions, the vapor pressure of hexane is
6psi. Calculate NPSHA in feet of hexane. solving for p* (using values from HB
13 -
14)

↑ .....
X
. . ...
t.
6f7

NPSH gc -pX)
(patm ay naka presso
=

z
-
-

ng din

Patm-p*
=
-

(F - z
144(yan*-8)- ( 4)
= -

P 0.68(62.4)
NPSH 30.13 ft
=
 &
Es MOMENTRA
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
&

40. What is the theoretical adiabatic horsepower for a

Problem 37-38: volumetric ßowrate of 553ft3/min?
v
() 1]
n 2x -
P,V,
=

37. Calculate the theoretical adiabatic horsepower to

compress 1000ft/min of helium from standard a n

14.7(553)(1.4)(4)((500t ii)eiiy] ***)

=

tmospheric pressure and 80¡F to 200psig in a single stage.

N 237.76hP
yr[(t)) -1]
w
=
= =
=

flin(1,000 /mn) (5(z) 13-

W 14.7

[(200+1) ] **)
=

5/y 1 -

n 308.35 hp
=
()( + (

38. Calculate the theoretical adiabatic horsepower in 2

stages.
w
y,2N[(ti) 1]
=

W 14.7 lin(1,000 /mn) ( k)()

(200+1)12] *)
=

5/y 1 -

N 227.6 hP
=
()( + (

Problem 39-40:

39. Nitrogen is to be compressed in four stages from

14.7 psia to 3500psig. What would be ressure in the 3rd
stage?
NNT
PN pi
=

Pf -Kapag nasa gitna yung stage na hinahanap.

pi
Pg patm pf
+
=

P3 14.73500 =
14.73/)
+

p3
=
=

893.81psi
14.7
 CONVERSIONS MOMENTRA
FOR
density of water (no temp.
given)
latm 101325 PA
kg/m3 (S1)
=

100cm 1m
=

PH20
=
1000

1000mm Im 1 kPa 1000 Pa

(eng) ft3
=

62.285
=

-
16m

gc 32.17(bm-ft(eng)
12 in 1ft
=

IPsi 1
=

1bf/ in2 =

1b + -

32
7.4 8 1 gal"Ift3 1hp 500ft-1bf
=

viscosity ofwater (Eng)

144 1f 2 = +
1np 0.746
=
kW 6.72 x 18
=
1b ft - S

42gal P(S1) P(eng) x

=

1 bb) =

0
+

0.0424

Il
1 mi 5280ft
=

M(s1) to M(eng) x =

0.672

1 m 39.37 in
=

1dm3 1L =

Im 100
=

cm

Im 1000mm
=

1kg 10009 =
 EQUATIONS

Energy Balance: Unitfor Friction:SI:5 kg or m s

DP 2F
N DPE XKE
Eng:thermo:BTMef
=
+ +
+

↑
IbM

Hagen
-

Poiseville (laminar)
continuity
equation m uAp
=

1
Flowrate Q uA
Volumetric =
=

Skin Friction Fs 2 fLu2

=

gcD

churchill Eq.
4109(0,277 109 7
=

(
-

+
=

R2

Colebrook Eq.
=

E 1.256
1 410g
-

= +

3.7D Re f

③ enter data I
⑥ shift
Interpolate: (5)
mode 3-stat@ AC press reg
⑦
⑦
type given
⑤ temp.
⑧ press
i (y)
② A Bx +