SURANA INDEPENDENT PUCOLLEGE

SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE NORGANIC SALT

IPreliminary Tests
(1) Statc La) Crystaline solid
(b) Amorphous solid
(2) Colour (a) White
b) Pale pink
(3) Solubility (a) Soluble in watcr
(b) Insoluble in water but soluhle in dil.1CI
II. Detcction of acid radical (anion)
Detection ofI Group acid radical
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Gives brisk effervescence, A Group I acid radicals are
Salt + dil. HCI colourless, odourless gas which present May be
turns lime water milky
No effervescences Group Iacid radicals are
absent
Confirmatory Test for CO
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Salt + water, heat strongly, Pass
the gas throuch lime water Lime water does not turn milky cO is confirmed

Detection of II Group acid radicals

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
A pinch of salt in a dry test tube Acolourless gas is evolved
+ few drops of conc. H2SO: which gives dense white fumes, Üroup ll acid radicals
when a glass rod dipped in may be Cl present
NHOH brought near the mouth
of the test tube.
Reddish brown fumes are Group Il acid radieals
evolved with pungent smell may be Br prescnt
No colourless and reddish-brown Group Iiacid radicals
fumes CI& Br are absent

Tothe above solution add Cu reddish brown fumes and Group II acid radicals
solution turns blue. may be NO; present
turnings and hcat strongly.
No fumes Group II acid radicals
NO, is absent

Confirnatory test for Cl.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFARENCE
1.Silver nitate
test
Sait solution+AgNO, solutior Acurdy white precipitate is obtained Cl is confirmed
which is solublé in excess of
NH,OH soiution
2.Chron:vi chioride test
f S a l t in a dry test tube + Dark yeliow fumes are evolved
K;Cr,cry sals + Conc.H2SO.
Pass :he fumes through a lest CI is cofinocd
Solution uIrns yellow
uhe ey taing 4aO! solution.
|Tosbove veiiow solution add Bright yellow ppt
CHCOH +1ChCO0::Pb
 Confimatory test or Br
() Silver nitrale Tcs! solution Pale yellow precipilate is
obtained Br is confirmed
Sali solution +AgNO) which is sparingly soluble is excess
of NILOHsolution
Globule test Br isconfirmed
(ii)
of CCl4 Orange globule is formed
Salt solution + few drops
shake well
+ Cl; water.
Confirmatory test for NO;
Brown ring test NO, is confirmed
the-junction
Salt solution + equal volume of Brown ring is formed at
freshly prepared FeSO4 solution. of the two layers
Add Conc.H2SO4 along the sides
of the test tube

Detectionof IIIGroup acid radical

Confirmatory test for S04 INFERENCE
OBSERVATION
EXPERIMENT
Salt solution + BaClh Solution
Thick white precipitate is oblained Group I acid radical
which is insoluble in excess
of confirmed
S0 is present &
dil.HCI

JII. Detection of Basic radicals

.Henceoriginal
The given salt is soluble in
Preparation of original solutlon (0.S): (saturated solution)
solution is prepared by using
(NH)
Detection of Zero Group Basic radicals OBSERVATION INFERENCE
EXPERIMENT
(a) Pungent smelling gas group basic radical NH
Salt + NaOH solution, heat. am1nonia which gives dense Zero present
white funes vvith a giass rodmay be
dippedin conc. HCI
Zero group basic radical NH!
(b) No pungent smelling gas is absent

reagent test)
Confirmatory test for NH; (Nessler's NH i contirncd
Brown ppt
O.S+ Nessler's reagent
4NaOH(slight excess)
radical
Detection of I Group basic OBSERVATION INFERENCE
EXPERIMENT Group ! basic nadicals are
No preeipitate absent
0.S + dil. HCI

radical
Detection of Il Group basic INFERENCE
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION Group II basic :adcals ate
0.S+ dil. HCipass H;S gas No precipitate absenl
 Detection of II Groun Basic radical
INHERENCE
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
OS+NH,Cl solid dissolve Group I11 basic radical
completelyI NH,OH solution Gelatinous white precipilale AI may be present
(excess) Group II1 basic radicals are
No precipitate
absent
Conirmatory test for AI*
O.S + NaOll solütion A White gelatinous precipitate is
obtained which is soluble in excess
of NaOH solution
To the above clear solution add Gelatinous white precipitate AI is confirmed
NH.CIsolid and warm. reappears

Detection of [V Group Basic radical

OBSERVATION INFERENCE
EXPERIMENT
(a) Dirty white precipitate Group IV basic radicals
0.S + NH.Clo dissolve
completely + NH.OH + HzS gas Zn may be present
Group IV basic radicals
(b) Flesh coloured precipitate
Mn may be present
Group [V basic radicals are
No precipitate
absent

Confirmatory test for Zn'*

Q.S+ NaOH solution White precipitate is obtained which
is soluble in excess of NaOH.
2. O.S + K«[Fe(CN)] Zn* is confirned
White precipitate reappears
Confirmatory test for Mn2*
1.0.S + NaOH solution White precipitate is formed which
turns brown on exposing toair. Mn is con firmed
2. Original solution + PbOz t
conc. H:SO4 + water, heat and Pink coloured supernatant liquid is Mn' is confirned
cool. formed.

Detection of V Group Basic radical

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Original solution + NH,Chs) Group V Basic radicals
dissolve completely + NHOH +
White precipitate Ba? or SrPor Camay be
(NFL);CO, present
No precipitate Group V Basic radicals are
absent

Confiratory test for Ba*

riginal solution KCrO4
(Potassiun cl.romate) soBution Ycllow precipitate Ba' is contirmed
ame 1est
Apinh ot salt on awvatch glass t
(ne drop ofConc. IICI makea Apple green flame Ba is confiroci
ibase, hold the p.ste to the flame
with the help nfa platinum wire

('onirm:atorv test or Sr'

 INFEKENCE
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
Original solution +(NH)>SO, Whiteprecipilate S'is confirmed
(Ammonium sulphate) solution.
Flame test:
pinch of salt ona watch glass +
A SP' is confirmed
Crimson red lame
one drop of Conc. HCImake a
paste, hold the paste to the flame
with the help of a platinum wire

Confirmatory test for Ca

White precipitate Ca' is confirmed
Original solution + (NH.)>C2Oa
(ammonium oxalate)
Flame test:
A pinch of salt on a watch glass + Ca is confirned
Brick red flame
one drop of Conc. HCI make a
paste, hold the paste to the flame
with the help ofa platinum wire

Detection of VI Group Basic radical

Conlirmatory test for Mg* INFERENCE
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION

1. Original solution + NH Cis) White crystalline precipitate VIgroup Basic radical Mg?*
dissolve completcly + NH,OH is present & confirned
+ (NH4)2HPO, solution.

2. Original solution +
NaOH solution Mg is confirned
White precipitate is formed which
is insoluble in excess of NaOH
solution.

RESULT:
The given salt contains
(a) Acid radical =
(b) Basic radical =
Hence the given salt is