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Laurie Baker
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Laurie Baker was a British-born Indian architect known for cost-effective and sustainable architecture using local materials. He was influenced by Gandhi's teachings
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Laurie Baker was a renowned Indian architect known for his cost-effective and sustainable designs using local materials. Kamath House
He was influenced by Gandhi's principles of simplicity and self-sufficiency.

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What were Laurie Baker's architectural principles?
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Kamath Design Studio
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Charter On The Built Vernacular Heritage
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Method Statement For Piling Work (Edited)

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truthul. Laurie Baker Presented
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Unit 4 VA - SOUTH INDIA
 Laurence &ilred 'Laurie' Baker was a British-born
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 )e was in,uenced by -ahatma andhi/ who told him
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the materials available within a 5 mile radius o Vikas Community: Project Description
the site.

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materials and achieved ame with his approach

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Auroville Architecture

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Unit 4 - Contemporary Examples Adopting
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* #I think these small

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 "he so:called Baker style in Kerala is very

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around.

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 %31)3
 -ud mortar shall be stabilised . times more than the mud blocks.

 Add course sand =C.H to Hmm> to reduce shrinkage.

 Ideal miG Q soil suitable or mud block  DCJ to CJ o sand by

weight  S.J cement.

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%#!1"RU%"I#! "E%)!I0UE1
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 13E)1%E1
 8)1E3 You're Reading a Preview
 &ater and dampness are one o the ma9or problems or
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mud as construction material.
 "he best way o protecting any wall rom either rain or
sun is to have a good big overhang ORto your roo.
 "he sloping/ or pitched roo is better because the walls
need notBecome
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 6rovide trenches round the house to receive dripping
water and drain it away.
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 1E3%I1E'
• -ud is the natural home o termites so in areas where they are common the
same precautions have to be taken as in all buildings to prevent their moving
up into the walls and eating wooden rames etc.
• A one:inch thick layer o mortar =one part o cement to :parts o sand> can
be laid all over the top o the basement wall beore building the mud walls
above it. "his is helpul in keeping out both termites and damp.
• Any thin sheet metal may be laid over the basement wall with a :inch
downward pro9ection beore starting to build the superstructure mud wall
above. "his is eGpensive but very e7ective.

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%#!1"RU%"I#! "E%)!I0UE1
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 LI!"EL1 Upload your documents to download.
 Usually lintels are made o
R%%/ #ten a lintel is not OR
necessary over door and
window openings up to our
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eet in width.
 1imply brick on edge is all
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that is re+uired.
 A hollow arrangement o
brick on edge 5lled with one
or two steel rods in concrete
will carry large weights o
wall Troo above.
 "his type o lintel is less
than hal the cost o the
orthodoG reinorced concrete
lintel.

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 BRI%K AR%)E1
 BRI%K arches are much Upload your
less documents to download.
costly
than reinorced concrete lintels/
and as strong. OR
 ")E ineGpensive way o spanning a
hole in a wall is the simple 2corbel4
arch. Become a Scribd member for full access. Your first 30 days are free.
 Each row o bricks pro9ects H.H:
inches beyond the course below Continue for Free
until the bricks meet together in
the middle.
 !o ore work or shuttering is
necessary.
 "his techni+ue also ensures that i
a door or window is removed rom
a wall then not all down and even
i it does the maGimum will be the
amount o wall within the triangle
above the rame.

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 &I!$#&1 Upload your documents to download.
 &I!$#&1 are costly. #ne
s+uare oot o:window can
OR
cost up to ten times the
cost o the simple brick or
stone wallBecome a Scribd member for full access. Your first 30 days are free.
it replaces.
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 A 2ALI3 or 2honeycombed3
wall in place o a window is Continue for Free
as e7ective.
 "he pictures below show a
ew o many possible
variations

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 &)E! &I!$#&1
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I1 A !E%E11I"?
 "he simplest window OR
consists o a vertical plank
set into two holes
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hinges>/ one at the top and
one at the bottom.
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 "his is strong/ simple/
ineGpensive/ very little
labor/ no iron mongery/ lets
in light and air and
provides security
 #nly a nine:inch wide hole
is necessary or the
;window4.

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 $##R Upload your documents to download.
 $##R rames cost a lot o money
and are oten not actually
OR
necessary.
 "he planks can be screwed
together byBecome a Scribd
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orm a door/
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"hey can be carried by 2hold:asts3
built into the wall/ thus eliminating
the outer door rame altogether.
 ")E door shutter itsel is costly
because it uses a lot o wood and
+uite a lot o costly labour.
 "he simplest door is made o
vertical planks held together with
hori8ontal =sometimes diagonal>
battens.
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%#!1"RU%"I#! "E%)!I0UE1
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 L#A$ BEARI!
&ALL1 Upload your documents to download.
 In PP cases out o a CC a
complete reinorced concrete OR
rame structure is totally
unnecessary ora Scribd member for full access. Your first 30 days are free.
Become
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storeys high. #rdinary P:inch
brick walls =etc.> are
perectly
 ade+uate to be used as load
bearing walls and can well
carry the load I ,oors and
roos without any
 necessity or R% columns.
"hese latter are merely an
eGtra eGpense.

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I!$IA! %#@@EE )#U1E

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 "he orm o the building is
unconventional andUpload yourbakers
bears documents to download.
trademark 9alis.
OR
 "he building is well proportioned/ a
cylindrical brick:red spiral continuing
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or a couple a Scribd member
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and then
terminating in a smaller cylindrical
volume on top/ giving a very Continue for Free

asymmetrical balance to the whole

structure.
 %onceived as a continuous gentle
spiral ramp/ with a central circular
service core T with dining spaces
provided on the outer side.
 &ell proportioned/ a cylindrical brick:
red spiral continuing or a couple o
,oors T then terminating in a smaller
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"here is a circular service core in the

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centre/ which consists o Hyour documents to download.
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concentric circles. "he inner smaller
circular core is a narrow vertical
OR
shat open on the top/ with openings
at di7erent levels. "his shat
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the central
areas and works on the principle o
1tack e7ect/ a very simple but Continue for Free
e7ective solution that is so typical o
Baker. Around this circular core are
the service areas/ especially the
toilets T handwash. "he kitchen is
placed on the ground ,oor and has a
separate service entrance.

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"he table consists o a concrete slab

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5Ged to the wall T with a semicircular
taper on one side. "his Upload
slab isyour
resting
documentson to download.
a small brick arch which serves as the
legs. "he seats are again interestingly
OR
designed and accommodate H people
comortably on either side. "he seats o
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back/ but are at H di7erent levels to
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"here are no windows  9aalis serve to bring in

plenty o light T ventilation/ ensuring that the
interiors are nice T comortable

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"he material palette is again typical

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Baker. "he walls are Upload
madeyour
o eGposed
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brickwork which has been painted
over  white on the inner side T brick:
OR
red on the eGterior.

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$E-ERI"
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!ow although the Uploadbuilding is uni+ue in design/ there are a
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ew unctional issues. $ue to the placement o the kitchen
on the ground level/ it becomes OR dicult or the serving
sta7 as they have to continuously climb up and down the
ramp to Become
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sitting on the upper levels. "hus/ they in act ask the
customers to occupy the lower
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up the spiral. Also/ the slope o the ramp is a bit steep/

which contributes to a slippery slope which sometimes
results in a ew alls. ?et/ one cannot deny the ingenuity
o Baker to come up with such a design solution in such
an urban conteGt/ creating a memorable building

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%E!"ER @#R )ABI"A" 1"U$IE1

 Located in !ooliyode You're
MilageReading
H a Preview
kms rom the center o
"hrivanthapuram city. Upload your documents to download.
 %ampus Area* .D acres
 "opography* An undulating OR
piece o land / dense with trees
and otherBecome
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 "he campus consisits o
 An oce Continue for Free
 A kitchen with a $ining hall
 A dormitory = or  persons>
with a lecture hall
 A uest house or S persons
 Atower that houses a rain
water harvesting tank and a
Miew tower where discussion
sessions were held.
 Its build on a stone +uarry/ no
oundation .
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#@@I%E
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$#R-I"#R? T %A@E"ERIA
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BRI%K ALI
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RAI! &A"ER )ARME1"I!

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%#!1"RU%"I#! "E%)!I0UE1
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 @ILLER 1LAB You're Reading a Preview

 As there is +uite a lot Upload
o your documents to download.
unnecessary concrete in an
orthodoG R%% slab we can replace
OR
some o this redundant concrete
with any light weight:cheap
materials inBecome
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reduce thefor full access. Your first 30 days are free.
overall cost o the slab. "his
alternative R%% roo is called a
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@ILLER 1LAB.
 @or 5llers we can use lightweight
bricks/ or -angalore or country
tiles etc.
 "his will reduce the cost o the
orthodoG R%% slab by about C or
J. As roos and intermediate
,oors account or HC to HJ o the
total cost o a house/ the saving by
using a @iller slab is considerable.

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())*+-
FILLER SLAB

Lightweight, inexpensive You're

materialsReading
such as a Preview
low grade mangalore tiles, bricks etc. are
used as filler materials inUpload
filler your
slabsdocuments
to to download.
replace the redundant concrete in tension
zones. Hollow concrete blocks, stabilized OR
mud blocks/ hollow mud blocks, clay pots,
coconut shells etc. can also be used as
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These member
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in Your first 30 days are free.
the grids of steel reinforcement rods !mm
or "mm dia.#, and concreting is done over
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them. The concrete mix used is $%&%'. The
grid size depends upon the design,span,
and the material used.

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A!$ -A"ERIAL1

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 1LAB Upload your documents to download.
 AL-#1" every sort o ,oor
has to have solid base under OR
it.
 @ill the basement with sand
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or soil at an early stage it
will get trampled down solid
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as work is done above it. Continue for Free
 Ater the roo is on/ collect
all the broken brickbats side
by side/ touching each other/
on the rammed earth.
 -iG a small/ heap o sand
and lime on top o the bricks
then spread it out and brush
it in so that it 5lls the cracks.

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)dvantages o 9iller 'lab 1echnology LL+-

V By adopting R%% 5ller slab construction

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compared to a R%% solid =conventional> slab/
in case manglore tiles are used as a 5ller
material/ saving o approGimately PJtoo
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download.
total concrete and including the cost o 5ller
material/ saving o around :CJ o the
OR
concrete cost is achieved.

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technology for full
can also be access. Your first
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mass housing pro9ects and township pro9ects
to gain cost saving and also Continue
savingforinFree
high
energy consuming materials.

V Better thermal comort can be achieved i

there is a cavity and air is trapped in the
slab. @iller materials like manglore tiles can
be installed in two layers entrapping air to
increase thermal insulation.

V @iller slabs can be kept eGposed =with

proper workmanship> to create aesthetically

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INVERTED ARCH FOUNDATION :

The foundation consisting of inverted arches between
*)67T+)
the piers is known as inverted arch foundation. +n this
type of foundation, the load from the piers is
transferred to the soil by constructing arches in
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inverted position at their at their base. The rise of the
inverted arches is about one 0 fifth to one 0 tenth of
the span and they are usually build in half1brick rings.
The position of arches may be Upload
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along the row ofto download.
piers or across the row of piers in both the directions
depending upon the nature of soil and the type of land
OR
to be taken by them. Inverted Arch
FootingFo!nd"tion is
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION : used to be provided for
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*or constructing this type this type of foundation2 multi1storeyed buildings in
• 3xcavation is done to the re4uired depth. olden times.
• The bottom of the excavation is leveled and
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compacted )ne of the drawbacks in
• Then the foundation concrete is laid to the re4uired this type of construction is
thickness and finished according to the layout of the that the end piles have to
arches to be constructed under the piers. be specially strengthened
• The arch rings, usually half brick thick, are then by buttresses to avoid the
built in cement mortar and piers are constructed. arch thrust tending to
• The end piers should be designed and constructed rapture the pier 5unction.
to take the outward thrust caused by arch action.
However, the advantage of
SUITABILITY : inverted
This of foundation is not commonly used for buildings, arch construction is that in
but it is 4uite suitable for other structures like bridges, soft soils the depth of
reservoirs, tanks, supports for drainage lines etc foundation is greatly
reduced

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LL+-
RA#ID $ALL

(apid wall is a single panel

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walling system that serves
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both the internal and external
wall and eliminates the need for
bricks, blocks, timber and steel OR
wall frames and plasterboard
linings. +t is the most
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ecologically sound and dvantages
technologically advanced
building product available in theContinue for Free 9 :refabricated (apid wall means
world today. (apid wall uses faster construction.
natural gypsum or by1product, 9 ;peed of assembly reduces
labour costs.
chemical waste gypsum and
9 *or low1rise buildings a
turns it into a glass1fibre substantial
gypsum plaster, single panel or energy saving of approximately
load bearing walling system, !!< can be made, compared
roofing panels fencing etc. ll to timber frame and clay
panels are up to $& metres long brick construction.
and 8 metres high. The panels 9 High thermal efficiency,
therefore
are cellular in form and $&'
less recurring cost for
millimetres thick. heating and cooling the building.

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LL+-
Fly ash brick
*ly ash brick is a building material,
specifically masonry units, containing
You're
class = fly ash and water. The Reading
raw a Preview
materials for fly ash brick are fly
ash, sand/stone dust, Upload your documents to download.
lime, gypsum
and cement. *L1- bricks fly ash
lime gypsum bricks# are a higher OR
alternative of fly ash bricks and are
stronger because of the gypsum
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are&8>x$?>x">mm,&8>x$$>x@?
mm.
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dvantages

9 *ly ash bricks are lighter than

clay bricks therefore reducing the dead
load on a building.
V 7ue to high strength, practically
no breakage during transport
and use.
V =osts &>< less than traditional
clay brick manufacturing.
9 +t is fire resistant and structurally
strong and durable

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 1"ABILINE$ %#-6RE11E$ EAR") BL#%K1
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