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10 views4 pages

R04 Summary

Uploaded by

Hoàng Nguyễn Ngọc Giang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Recitation 4 Notes:

Reminders:
 No class on Monday
 No MQ next week
 PS2 half way hand in due next Wednesday

Lecture 8: Functions and Scope

Functions
 Functions capture computation within a black box.
 We use them to reuse code and write programs in a more consise way.
 They take in Inputs and return outputs.
 We call the inputs parameters.
 Outputs are outputted using the return statement.

Defining a function:
def count_letter_e(my_word):
count = 0
for letter in my_word:
if letter == “e”:
count += 1
return count

Calling a function:
print(count_letter_e(“hello, this is a test”)

Print vs return
 print: for the user, just displays a value
 return: for the computer and allows you to send values in a function back to
other parts of your code. Python’s default return in None and nothing is
executed after the return statement.

Scope
 Variable assignments are tracked in a symbol table or stack frame that maps
variable names to their values
 When a function is called, a new stack frame is created.
 When the function returns, the stack frame pops off/is destroyed
 My python tutor does a good visualization of this https://pythontutor.com/.
Functions as a Parameter
Example:

def calc(op, x, y):


return op(x,y)

def add(a,b):
return a+b

def div(a,b):
if b != 0:
return a/b
print(“Denominator was 0.”)

print(calc(add, 2, 3))

Lecture 9 – Lambda Functions, Intro to Tuples & Lists

A few additional notes on functions:


 They have their own type
 Can be passed in as arguments to other functions
 They can be returned as a value from another procedure

Lambda Functions
 Anonymous way of writing functions that are not bound to a specific name
E.g.
y = lambda x: x + 5
print(y(4)) # this prints 9 to the console

Tuples
 Ordered sequences of objects.
 Syntax: my_tuple = (1, 2, “test”, 4, “hello”)
 Objects can be of any type.
 They are immutable – i.e. cannot be changed once created.

Lists
 Ordered sequence of objects.
 Syntax: my_list = [1, 2, “test”, 4, “hello”]
 Objects can be of any type.
 They are mutable – i.e. they can be changed once created.
Common operations on lists and tuples:
 Indexing
my_list = [1, 2, “test”, 4, “hello]
print(my_list[0]) # this prints 1

# similarly
my_tuple = (1, 2, “test”, 4)
print(my_tuple[2]) # this prints test

 Slicing
my_list = [1, 2, “test”, 4, “hello]
print(my_list[0:2]) # this prints [1,2]

my_tuple = (1, 2, “test”, 4)


print(my_tuple[2:]). # this prints (“test”, 4)

 Looping over elements – we can write similar code for both tuples and lists.
my_list = [1, 2, “test”, 4, “hello]

# this for loop loops through each element of my_list and


outputs to console
for elem in my_list:
print(elem)
MIT OpenCourseWare
https://ocw.mit.edu
6.100L Introduction to CS and Programming Using Python
Fall 2022
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit:
https://ocw.mit.edu/terms

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