Module 3 - Part A

Environmental Pollution (Sources, Impacts, Corrective and Preventive measures, Relevant

Environmental Acts, Case Studies): Surface and Ground Water Pollution: Noise Pollution, Soil
Pollution and Air Pollution.
Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
1 Measuring BOD (biological oxygen demand) is primarily used for
a) Estimating the types of b)Determine the level of dissolved c) Estimating the quantity of organic matter in
d) None of the above
microbes oxygen sewage water
2 Greenhouse gases are those that absorb and emit infrared radiation. Examples include__________
a)Nitrogen b)Ozone c)Argon d)None of the above
3 Who was the first scientist to coin the term SMOG and to describe the layers of SMOG?
a) Nikola Tesla b) Stephen Hawking c) Dr Henry Antoine d) Nicolaus Copernicus
4 Which of the following pollutants are responsible for the cause of SMOG?
a) From incinerators b) Emissions from vehicles c) Both incinerators and emissions from vehicles d)None of the above
5 Which of the following is called the secondary air pollutant?
a)PANs b)Ozone c) Carbon Monoxide d) Nitrogen Dioxide
6 Which of the following particles is called the particulate pollutants?
a) Ozone b) Radon c) Fly Ash d) Ethylene
7 Which of the following agents is responsible for turning the Taj Mahal yellow?
a)Sulphur b) Chlorine c) Sulphur dioxide d)Nitrogen dioxide
8 Which of the following statements is true about SMOG?
b) SMOG is derived from c) SMOG is derived from water
a) SMOG is derived from the fog d) SMOG is derived from both fog and smoke
smoke vapor
9 The major photochemical smog is________
a) Hydrogen peroxide b) Chlorofluorocarbon c) Peroxyacetyl nitrate d) All of the Above
10 DDT and Aluminium cans are examples of ________.
a) Primary Pollutants b) Secondary pollutants c) Biodegradable Pollutants d) Non-Biodegradable Pollutants
11 Which of the following agents is mainly responsible for the secondary pollutants?
a) Smog and Ozone b) Sulphur trioxide c) Nitrogen dioxide d) All of the above
12 Smoke, fumes, ash, dust, nitric oxide and sulphur dioxide are the main sources of ________.
a) Primary Pollutants b) Secondary pollutants c) Biodegradable Pollutants d) None of the above
13 Which of the following gas is more in percentage in the air?
a) Oxygen gas b) Nitrogen gas c) Water Vapour d) Carbon dioxide gas
14 What is the total percentage of nitrogen gas in the air?
a)12% b)21% c)78% d)87%
15 Which of the following rivers is called the world’s most polluted river?
a)Ganga River b)Chenab River c) Cauvery River d) Yamuna River
16 Which of the following are the primary causes of water pollution?
a) Plants b) Animals c) Human Activities d) None of these
17 Which of the following is mainly responsible for the causes of water pollution?
a)Afforastation b)Oil refineries c)paper factories d) Both b and c
18 What is the health effects of excess fluoride in drinking water?
a) Fluorosis b) Toothaches c) Lung disease d) Intestinal infection
19 Which of the following is a waterborne disease?
a)Typhoid b)Cholera c)Diarrhoea d)All of the above
20 The main sources of Arsenic in water are ________.
a)Floods b)Fertilizers c)Industrial waste d)Both b and c
21 Which of the following salts are the main causes of temporary hardness?
a)Calcium sulphate b)Magnesium sulphate c)Magnesium chloride d)Magnesium carbonate
22 Which of the following units is used for measuring the turbidity of water?
b)FNU-Formazin Nephelometric
a)EAU Formazin Attenuation Units c)NTU-Nephelometric Turbidity Units d)All of these
Unit
23 According to the Geological survey, water with less than 1000 ml/litre of total dissolved solids is
a) Braine water b)Fresh water c)Slightly Saline d)Moderately Saline
24 Which of the following techniques is used to remove fluorides from the water bodies?
a)Osmosis b)Ion Exchange c) Lime Softening d) Both b and C
25 Which of the following techniques is used to determine the concentration of odour compounds in the given water sample?
a) Setting b)Flushing c)Stripping d)Chlorination
 Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
26 The leader of the Chipko movement is
a) Ambritha Devi b) Jashibhai Patel c) Medha Pateker d) Vandhan Shiva
27 Taungya System
a) Agro Forestry b) Application pesticides c) Both a & b d) None
28 Population stabilization is essential for
a) sustainable development b) agricultural improvement c) economic growth d) industrial development
29 Cholera, Typhoid, Meningitis and hepatitis are the diseases caused due to
a) electromagnetic radiation b) radioactive rays c) dirty water d) x-rays
30 Presence of high levels of nitrates in water causes
a) dehydration b) Obesity c) Blue Baby syndrome d) Pneumonia
31 The depletion of trees is causing accumulation of
a) No2 b) So2 c) Co2 d) O2
32 Direct conversion of solar energy is attained by
a) Solar Photovoltaic system b) Galvanic cells c) Electrolytic cells d) Hydrogen fuel cells
33 Nuclear fusion reaction occurs in the
a) Sun b) Stars c) Hydrogen bomb d) All of these
34 Smog is a
a) Natural phenomenon b) Colourless gas c) Combination of smoke and fog d) None of these
35 Air pollution from automobiles can be controlled by fitting
a) Electrostatic precipitator b) Wet scrubber c) Catalytic convertor d) All the above
36 The major objective of the family welfare programs in India is
a) Disease control b) Population growth rate control c) Employment generation d) None of these
37 The protocol that reduces greenhouse gas emissions is
a) Kyto protocol b) Cartagena protocol c) Montreal protocol d) Vienna protocol
38 Greenhouse effect causes
a) Lowering in Temperature of earth b) Rise in temperature of earth c) Lowering of acid rain d) Increase in rainfall
39 Primary cause of acid rain around the world is due to
a) Carbon dioxide b) Sulphur dioxide c) carbon monoxide d) Ozone
40 Major compounds responsible for the destruction of Ozone layer is
a) Oxygen b) CFC’s c) CO2 d) CH4
41 The radiations absorbed by ozone layer are
a) Infra-red b) Ultra violet c) Gamma rays d) Visible
42 Environmental protection is the responsibility of
a) Govt. of India b) NGO’s c) Individuals d) All
43 The objectives of the Wild Life (protection) Act 1972
a) To preserve the b) To maintain essential ecological and c) Protection and
d) All the above
biodiversity life supporting systems conservation of wild life
44 Trickle irrigation reduces
a) Percolation b) Salinization c) Water evaporation d) All of these
45 The pollution caused by transportation depends on
a) Type of vehicle engine b) Age of vehicle c) Traffic congestion d) All of these
46 Cow dung can be used
a) As manure b) For production of biogas c) Both a and b d) None of these
47 Recycled water can be used for
a) Crop irrigation b) Landscape gardening c) Replenishing fast depleting aquifers d) All
48 Liquefied petroleurn gas is a mixture of
a) Methane and ethane b) Propane and butane c) Methane and butane d) Methane and propane
49 Global warming affects
a) Food production b) Melting of glaciers c) Climate change d) All of these
50 The science of animal husbandry is called
a) Animal Science b) Human Science c) Soil Science d) Plant Science
 Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
51 Soil erosion removes surface soil which contains
a) Organic matter b) plant nutrients c) both a & b d) none of the above
52 Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
a) Crop rotation b) Water logging c) both a & b d) None
53 Bio-remediation means the removal of contaminants from
a) Soil b) Waste water c) Ground water d) Both a & c
54 % of world total water supply that is considered easily accessible fresh water for human use
a) 1% b) 2.5% c) both a & b d) 75%
55 The permissible limit of the lead in domestic potable water as per BIS is
a) 0.05 mg/L b) 0.005 mg/L c) 0.1 mg/L d) 1 mg/L
56 Cholera, typhoid, meningitis, hepatitis A & E are the diseases caused due to
a) Electromagnetic radiation b) Dirty water c) Radioactivity of nuclear reaction d) Dirty Air
57 Presence of pesticides in water causes cancer and neurological disorders because of
a) Co2 b) DDT & heptachlor c) Methane d) SO2
58 Severe and permanent bone joint deformation
a) Dental caries b) Skeletal fluorosis c) both a & b d) none
59 Fluorosis is caused due to
a) No fluoride intake b) Low fluoride intake c) Excessive fluoride intake d) None of these
60 Respiration and photosynthesis are keywords related to
a) Nitrogen Cycle b) Sulphur cycle c) Carbon Cycle d) Hydrological Cycle
61 Extensive plantings of trees to increase forest cover is called
a) Deforestation b) Agro forestation c) Afforestation d) both b & c
62 Carbon Cycle involves
a) NH4, NO3 and proteins b) CO2, H2O and energy c) SO2, SO4 and protein d) None of these
63 Soil Microorganisms break down soil nitrate into N2 (nitrates into gases of Nitrogen)
a) De-nitrification b) Nitrification c) Both a & b d) None of these
64 In Nitrogen Cycle, Which of the following is not a source of organic residue
a) Decay of plants b) Decay of animals c) Microorganisms d) Water
65 Both power and manure is provided by
a) Nuclear plants b) Thermal plants c) Biogas plants d) Hydroelectric plants
66 Reservoir of Carbon
a) Soil b) Atmosphere c) Water d) Living matter
67 Decrease of oxygen level in water mainly causes
a) Fluorosis b) Blue baby syndrome c) Death of aquatic life d) All of these
68 The important mined to the maximum extent are
a) Coal, petroleum & Hg b) Coal, petroleum & Fe ore c) both a & b d) None of these
69 Which of the following is a recyclable non-renewable resource?
a) Minerals b) Nutrients c) Metals d) All of these
70 None renewable resource that cannot be recycled
a) fossil fuels b) Uranium c) Oil d) All of these
71 % of fresh water available on the earth
a) 2.8% b) 2.2% c) 1% d) 75%
72 % of fresh water available in lakes and streams
a) 0.6% b) 0.01% c) 0.8% d) 2.5%
73 Important phases of hydrological cycle
a) Evaporation b) Precipitation c) both a & b d) None
74 Maximum total hardness allowed in drinking water
a) 600 mg/L b) 100 mg/L c) 300 mg/L d) All of these
75 The most commonly used coagulant is
a) Aluminum sulphate b) Calcium chloride c) Talk d) None of these
 Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
76 Water borne disease are caused due to the
a) Fecal contamination b) Sewage contamination c) both a & b d) None of these
77 Malaria is a ……………….. disease
a) Water borne b) Water induced c) both a & b d) None of these
78 Excessive concentration of nitrates in water causes
a) Blue baby syndrome b) Mathemoglobinemia c) both a & b d) Dental caries
79 Mineral is a
a) Organic matter b) Natural inorganic substance c) Synthetic compound d) None
80 Ore is a
a) Metallic element b) Non-metallic element c) Both a & b d) None of these
81 The gold filed in Karnataka
a) Ramagiri b) Hutti c) Raichur d) Bhadravathi
82 India is the world leader in the production of
a) Iron b) Coal c) Mica d) None of these
83 Which country is having the highest forest cover
a) Nepal b) India c) USA d) Europe
84 Important phases of hydrological cycle
a) Evaporation b) Precipitation c) both a & b d) None
85 During photosynthesis trees produce
a) Oxygen b) CO2 c) CO d) Nitrogen
86 What is the permissible range of pH for Drinking water as per the Indian Standards?
a) 6.0 to 9.0 b) 6.5 to 7.5 c) 6.5 to 8.5 d) 6.0 to 8.5
87 The depletion of trees is causing accumulation of
a) NO2 b) SO2 c) CO2 d) O2
88 Maximum total hardness allowed in drinking water
a) 600 mg/L b) 100 mg/L c) 300 mg/L d) All of these
89 Plants can take up nitrogen in two forms
a) NH4& NO3 b) NH3& N2 c) NO3 d) NO2
90 Conversion of ammonium to NO3 by chemical oxidation is termed as
a) Mineralization b) Leaching c) Nitrification d) De-nitrification
91 Nitrogen fixing bacteria exists in …………..of plants
a) Leaf b) Roots c) Stem d) Flower
92 Sulphur occurs in soil and rocks in the form of
a) Oxides of Zn & Fe b) Sulphates of Zn & Fe c) Sulphides of Zn & Fe d) Nitrates of Zn & Fe
93 Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in the year
a) 1986 b) 1984 c) 1985 d) 1987
94 …………………are referred to as Earth’s lungs
a) Forests b) Carbon Cycle c) Water Sources d) Mines
95 Cholera and Typhoid are cause by
a) Worms b) Virus c) Bacteria d) Fungus
96 Major Sources of Fluoride
a) River water b) Tooth paste c) Ground water d) Food products
97 Hepatitis is caused by
a) Protozoa b) Virus c) Bacteria d) Fungus
98 The committee which submitted its report to Govt. of India on Environmental Education
a) Mehta Committee b) Agarwal Committee c) Banerjee Committee d) Tiwari Committee
99 The required Iron content in Drinking water as specified by BIS is
a) 300 mg/L b) 30 mg/L c) 3 mg/L d) 0.3 mg/L
100 Pick out which is not concerned to Carbon Cycle
a) Respiration b) Combustion of fossil fuels c) Photosynthesis d) Transpiration
 Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
101 Noise Pollution limits in Industrial Area
a) 45dB b) 80dB c) 65dB d) 90dB
102 Chlorine can be used
a) To kill Pathogenic Microbes b) to increase the Oxygen c) To clear the turbidity d) All of these
103 Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?
a) Factories b) Sewage treatment plant c) Urban & Sub urban land d) All of these
104 Soils play an important role as an environmental agent. They are key links in global
a) Carbon Cycle b) Nitrogen Cycle c) Phosphorus Cycle d) All of these
105 Turbidity in water mainly arises from
a) pH b) Dissolved Oxygen c) Colloidal matter d) None of these
106 The sound beyond which of the following level can be regarded as a pollutant
a) 40 dB b) 80 dB c) 120 dB d) 150dB
107 Combination of Smoke and fog
a) Smog b) Fog c) Both a & b d) None of these
108 Noise pollution limits at residential area
a) 45 dB b) 80 dB c) 55 dB d) 90 dB
109 Temporary hardness of water is due to
a) Calcium hardness b) Chloride hardness c) Magnesium hardness d) Carbonate hardness
110 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
a) BOD b) COD c) both a & b d) None of these
111 Physical pollution of water is due to
a) Dissolved Oxygen b) Turbidity c) pH d) None of these
112 Definition of Noise
a) Loud sound b) Unwanted Sound c) Constant Sound d) Sound of high frequency
113 Electromagnetic radiation have ………………………Character
a) Single b) Multiple c) Duel d) None of these
114 Minamata Disease
a) Lead b) Arsenic c) Mercury d) Cadmium
115 The pH value of the acid rain water is
a) 5.7 b) 7.0 c) 8.5 d) 7.5
116 Ozone layers absorbs
a) UV rays b) Infra red rays c) Cosmic rays d) CO
117 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in the year
a) 1994 b) 1974 c) 1984 d) 1964
118 The leader of Chipko movement is
a) Sundarlal Bahuguna b) Medha Patkar c) Slu marada Thimmakka d) Suresh Heblikar
119 The Tiger Conservation Project was started in
a) 1973 b) 1984 c) 1999 d) 2004
120 Environmental Protection is the Fundamental duty of the Citizen of India under the Article
a) 51-A(g) b) 48-A c) 47 d) 21
121 The term environment was introduced by
a) Jacob Van Verkul b) Tyler Miller c) Gilbertson d) Charles Darwin
122 Mini hydro power plants generate energy upto
a) 100 MW b) 1000 MW c) 15 MW d) 500 MW
123 One micro curie is
a) 1 thousand of a curie b) 1 lake of curie c) 1 million of a curie d) None of these
124 The transfer of energy and nutrients from one feeding group of organisms to another in a series is called
a) Energy Chair b) Food web c) Food Chain d) Bothe b & c
125 Water borne disease are caused due to the
a) Fecal contamination b) Sewage c) both a & b d) None of these
 Module 3 - Part B
Waste management: Waste management: Solid Waste Management , types and sources, functional
elements of SWM, Biomedical Waste Management - Sources, Characteristics Environmental
Legislation: Solid Waste Management Rules,2016, Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016.
Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
126 Which of the following area has the lowest chance of producing a biomedical waste?
a) Hospittals b) Clinics c) Laboratories d) Agricultural Lands
127 Which of the following is not a Biomedical waste?
a)Animal Waste b)Microbiological waste c)Chemical waste d) Domestic waste
128 Which of the following is categorized as an incineration waste?
a) Incineration ash b) Animal Waste c) Solid waste d) Cytotoxic drugs
129 Which of the following should not be mixed with other wastes to avoid contamination?
a) Tarry residue b) Oily sludge c) Animal waste d) Vegetable oil
130 Which of the following is not a waste treatment method for biomedical wastes?
a)Incineration b)Chemical disinfecting c)Autoclaving d)Sieving
131 Which of the following can be used to produce marketable compost from dry solid wastes?
a)Aerobic composting b)Vermicomposting c)Anaerobic digestion d)Anaerobic composting
132 Which of the following can be used to treat wastes with simple organic matter with high water content?
a)Vermicomposting b)Aerobic composting c)Incineration d)Anaerobic digestion
133 The document is known as “Magna Carta” for efforts taken in form of conference on international level
a) The Stockholm conference b) The Rio conference c) The Johanesburg conference d) United Nations Millennium
134 The Central Government has issued the BioMedical Waste Rules in the year
a)2000 b)1998 c)2003 d)2007
135 Earth Summit means
a) Biodiversity Convention 1992 b) Kyoto Protocol 1997 c) Johanesburg Convention 2002 d) None of the above
136 The Rio conference was taken in the year
a) 1972 b) 1982 c) 1992 d) 2002
137 National Green Tribunal is constituted in the year _________ .
a)2009 b)2011 c)2010 d)2012
138 The term Environment is defined under section ____ of the Environment Protection Act 1986
a)2(a) b)2(b) c)2(aa) d)2©
139 CZMP stands for _______ .
a) Coastal Zone Management Plan b) Coastal Zone Mitigation Plan c) Coastal Zone Management Program d) Coastal Zone Management and Protection
140 The Forest (Conservation) Act was enacted in the year ______
a)1980 b)1987 c)1988 d)1990
141 Article ______ of the Indian Constitution deals with protection of monuments and places and objects of National Importance
a)48-A b)49 c)50 d)47
142 Supreme Court has traced the Right to wholesome environment in _______
a)Article 21 b) Article 21(A) c)Article 48-A d) Article 14
144 The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act was enacted in the year ______
a) 1960 b) 1961 c) 1970 d) 1980
145 The Noise Pollution Control Rules have been issued by Central Government in the year
a)2000 b)2002 c)2006 d)2008
146 Kyoto protocol is related to _____________
a)Ozone depletion b)Global warming c)Acid Rain d) Climate change
149 The Water Act was enacted in the year ___________
a)1971 b)1972 c)1974 d)1976
150 The Environment Protection Act was enacted in the year ______________
a)1988 b)1986 c)1991 d)1987
151 Indian Forest Act was passed in the year _____
a)1972 b)1927 c)1942 d)1938
152 The Biological Diversity Act was passed in the year ______
a)1998 b)2000 c)2002 d)2005
153 The Wildlife (Protection) Act contains
a)7 Chapters b)6 Chapters c) 5 Chapters d) 8 Chapters
 Note: Answer the Following (Multiple choice Questions)
154 What does PPE stand for?
a) Protective Preventative Equipment b) Personal Preventative Equipment c) Personal Protective Equipment d) People’s Protective Equipment
155 What is the main objective of risk assessment?
a) To evaluate hazard and minimize the risks b) Remediation of contaminated sites c) Hazard management d) To know source of pollutants
156 Which of the following wastes is called the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)?
a)Food waste b)Wood pieces c)Plastic cans d) All of the above
157 When the organic matter present in the sanitary landfill decomposes, it generates
a)Nitrogen b)Methane c)Hydrogen d)All of the above
158 The disposable wastes contain
a)Solids b) Slurries c)Liquids d)All of the above
159 Which of the following methods is better for the solid waste problem?
a)Recycling b)Landfilling c)Both a and b d) None of the above
160 Which of the following gas is produced from landfill wastes?
a)Biogas b)Natural Gas c)Liquefied petroleum gas d)All of the above
161 How many main components are there in integrated waste management?
a) Two b) Three c) Seven d) Eleven
162 Which of the following solid wastes describe the term ‘Municipal Solid Waste’?
a)Toxic b)Hazardous c)Non-toxic d)Non hazardous
163 Which of the following wastes are called the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)?
a)Food wastes b)Wood pieces c)Plastic cans d)All of the above
164 The burning of the wastes is not an acceptable practice of solid waste management because
a)It is very costly b)It requires a lot of space c)It requires modern technologies d)It causes several environmental Issues
165 Which of the following is the simplest and most common method used in the cities to dump the collected wastes?
a)River b)Ocean c)Landfill d)None of the above
166 The most disposable wastes are in the form of_______________
a)Solids b)Liquids c)Slurries d)All of the above
167 Which of the following gas can be produced from landfill wastes?
a)Biogas b)Natural Gas c)Liquefied petroleum gas d)All of the above
168 Which of the following statements are the features of zero waste management?
c)Involvement of the
a)Separate collection of each kind b)Separation of garbage at the source d)All of the above
community in all activities
169 E-waste is also known as
a) Electronic waste b)Essential waste c)European waste d)Household waste
170 Which one of the following is an example of e-waste?
c)Beverage, packaged box, plastic d)Sesors, alarms, sirens,
a)Nuclear, medical, toxic industrial wastes b)Plastic bags, corroded metals
bottles TV
171 What is the most widely used method for e-waste disposal?
a) Burning b)Recycling c)Disintegration d)Land-filling
172 What are the adverse effects of mercury on health?
a)Lung cancer b)Damage kidneys and brain c)Softens bones d)Asthmatic bronchitis
173 When did E-waste (management and handling) rules, 2011 come into effect?
a) January 1, 2012 b) March 1, 2012 c) May1, 2012 d) July1, 2012
174 Which cities produce the highest e-waste in India?
a)Mumbai and Delhi b)Chennai and Vishakapatanam c)Kolkata and Patna d)Luknow and Hyderabad
175 What is the neutral pH?
a)6.0 b)7.0 c)7.5 d)8.0
176 Sequence batch reactors is a type of ……..
a)Aerobic process b)Activated sludge process c)Anaerobic process d)Chemical Process
177 How many types of BOD are present?
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4
178 The term ISWM refers to
a) International Solid Waste d) International Solid
b) Integrated Solid Waste Management c) Integrated Solid waste Machine
Management Waste Mechanism

Dr. Suresh B
Dept. of Civil Engineering,
BIET, Davangere