Chapter -3

INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Image Rectification

Rectification is a process of projecting the data onto a plane and making it confarm to a map
projection system. Assigning map coordinates to a image data is called groreferencing. Since all map
projection systems are associate with
map coordinate, rectification
involves groreferencing.

It has been two process-

 Image To Image
Georectification
 Image To Ground
Groreferencing
3.2 Image Enhancement

Image enhancement can be defined as the conversion of the image quality to be better and
more understable level for feature extraction or image interpretation. False natural colour
composite is one a spectral enhancement process.

3.2.1 False Natural Colour Composite- colour combination generate in such manner often
called False natural colour composite. The concept of generating False natural colour composites
from Green Red and NIR can
also be applied in the cases
where we already have the
original blue band .the
artificially generated natural
colour composite is visually
more realistic than the
composite generated by ysing
the original blue band.
3.3 Image Transformation

3.3.1 Image Fusion or Resolution Marge- Resolution Marge is a process of combining two
image to yield an output image that provides the best characteristics of both sensors.it aims to
obtaining information of better quality.

Basically five method used to image

fusion:

i. PCA Transform Fusion

ii. Multiplicative Fusion
iii. Brovey Transform Fusion
iv. Ihs Transform Fusion
v. Wavelate Transform Fusion
3.3.2 Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-

NDVI is an image transformation technique used to monitor the vegetation conditions. NDVI
is a combination of addition,
subtraction and division :
NDVI= (NIR-R)/(NIR+R).
3.4 R to V conversion (Shapefile)

Shapefiles are simple non-

topographical vector format for storing
the geometric location and attribute
information of gerographic feature. A
shapefile is one of the spatial data
formats that we can work with and edit
in ArcGIS. Geographic features in a
shapefile can be reprenent point, line and
polygon. Shapefile is process of Raster
to Vector (R toV) conversion.

Tabular information is the basis of

geographic features, allowing to visualize,
quary, and analyzethe data. Data can also
be join in any shapefiles, to help us
represent the any thematic, chart, graph ets
on the map.

Analysis of Vegetation – In this project we had to find out vegetation cover of the study area, i.e
ward no. 10 and 20 of KMC. Since it is difficult to identify vegetation with visual image
processing, so we have choose to perform NDVI, and the use to Supervised Classification
process of better understand to vegetation pattern.
3.5 Image Classification

Classification is a process of sorting pixels into a finate number of indivisual classes, or

categories of data based on their data files values. If a pixel satisfies a certen set of criteria, tthhen
the pixel is assigned to the class that corresponds to those criteria.

There are two types of

ways to classify pixels into
different categories:

 Supervised
 Unsupervised
Analysis of Vegetation cover and health

VEGETATION COVER
WARD
NON VEGETATIVE VEGETATIVE TOTAL
NO
AREA(SQ/ M.) AREA(SQ/M.)
19 221321.43 14738.8 236060.23
20 269427.64 18717.05 288144.69

The vegetation cover in ward no.19 is 14738.80 sq.m and ward no.20 18717.05 sq.m. This
map represent the amount of vegetation cover is more than word 20 to ward 19.

From this map clear found that vegetation health of the study area is destriod. Health vegetation
found ward no. 19 , moderate and steesed vegetation pattern highly found ward no. 20.
Healthy vegetation cover are 408 sq.m, moderate vegetation 5363.12 sq.m and stressed
vegetation are 0.0147 sq.km.

SL NO VEGETATION VARIATION AREA_SQ/M

1 STRESSED 14700
2 MODARATE 5363.12
3 HEALTHY 408
TOTAL 20471.12
Density Analysis

This map represent to vegetation density. Vegetation density is very high in ward no. 20 and
lowest vegetation density in ward no. 20

From this map is very clear that population density not equal of the study area. High Population
density in ward no. 19(103647 sq.km) and lowest population density in ward no.20(67625.7
sq.km).

Generally vegetation and build up inversely related in this area of rapid urbanization. Here in
our study tried to analysis the relationship between build up and vegetation. This map is clear
found that where vegetation density is high there population density low,and where vegetation
density low there population density high.
So this map represent to the negetative relation in this two elements.

AMINITIES
WARD NO MARKET UNDER GROUND HERITAGE
COMPLEX HYDRANT BUILDING
19 0 0 1
20 1 1 2

HERITAGE BUILDING

Types of Amenities – In this study area three types of Amenities are there, i. Market Complex ii.
Under Ground Hydrant And iii. Heritage Building. Ward 19 have no any Market Complex and
Under Ground Hydrant, just only one Heritage Building is there. But Ward 20 have one Market
Complex, one Under Ground Hydrant and two Heritage Building is there.
Analysis of Road Network

 Road types – Two types of road have is this ROAD TYPE NO. OF ROAD
study area, i. Bituminous and ii. Stone Set. The BITUMINOUS 99
Bituminous Road(99) id more than Stone Set(12) STONE SET 12
Road. Only 12 stone set roads in this area. TOTAL 111

 Road categories on Carriage Width – The study area is having 111 roads varing
carriage width. Here the roads have been classified based on carriage width into 5
different classes, the roads carriage width 2.1 to 16 meter. The maximum carriage width
refer to second calss and minumam is an fifth
class.
FACILITIES YES NO
 Foothpath Facilities - Foothpath Facilities LEFT FOOTPATH 23 88
represent whare foothpath are or not. Right side RIGHT
18 93
foothpath facilities are available 18 and not FOOTPATH
available 93, also Left side Foothpath facilities TOTAL 41 181
are available 23 and not available 88.