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Web Development

Uploaded by

paytmfirst028
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TITLE

The Relationship Between


SGML, XML, and HTML
An overview of how SGML, XML, and HTML relate to each other in the
world of markup languages
Introduction
•SGML, XML, and HTML are all markup languages
used to structure and present data.
•This presentation explains how they are related
and how they differ.
•Focus on their evolution and role in document
representation and web technologies.
SGML (Standard Generalized
Markup Language)
•What is SGML?
• SGML is a standardized system for defining
markup languages.
• Developed in the 1980s, SGML is a framework
for defining the structure of documents using
tags.
•Key Characteristics:
•Extensible: Allows the creation of custom markup
languages.
•Complex and verbose: Used in large-scale
publishing systems like books, technical manuals.
•Example: SGML is used in documents like the ISO
8879 standard.

Use Case:
•Typically used for documents in industries like
aerospace and defense, where complex document
structures are required.
HTML (HyperText Markup
Language)
•What is HTML?
• HTML is a markup language used for
creating web pages.
• It is a subset of SGML, designed
specifically for the structure of web
content.
•Key Characteristics:
•Used for structuring text, images, and
multimedia on web pages.
•Limited in scope compared to SGML (focuses on
presentation).
•Not designed for complex or flexible document
structures like SGML.
•Example:
•<html>
<head><title>My Page</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
</body>
</html>
XML (Extensible Markup
Language)
•What is XML?
• XML is a simplified, flexible, and
extensible version of SGML.
• XML focuses on data representation and
storage, making it readable by both
humans and machines.
•Key Characteristics:
• Self-descriptive: Tags describe the data.
• Extensible: Users can define their own tags.
• Designed to be simple, flexible, and universal.
• Example: Used in RSS feeds, SOAP
messages, and configuration files.

<book>
<title>XML for Beginners</title>
<author>John Doe</author>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
SGML vs. HTML vs. XML – Key
Differences
Feature SGML HTML XML

Purpose Framework for Web page Data


creating markup structure representation
languages and storage
Complexi Complex and Simple and Simple and
ty verbose specific to web flexible
content
Extensibil Highly extensible Limited Fully extensible
ity extensibility
Tag Custom tags defined Fixed tags (e.g., Custom tags
Structure by the user <h1>, <p>) defined by the
user
Validation Strong validation, Basic structure Strong validation,
complex schemas validation complex schemas
Use Large-scale Web Data storage,
Cases publishing development APIs,
configuration files
How SGML, HTML, and XML Are
Related
•SGML as the Foundation:
• SGML serves as the parent language, providing a
standard for defining markup languages.
•HTML as a Specialized Subset:
• HTML is a simplified, specialized version of SGML for
creating web pages.
•XML as a Simplified, Flexible Version:
• XML was designed to be simpler than SGML, focusing on
data representation while maintaining extensibility.
Example of Usage in Modern
Technologies
• HTML:
• Used for building web pages (e.g., <div>, <header>,
<footer>).
• XML:
• Used in modern APIs, data interchange (e.g., SOAP,
RSS, SVG graphics).
• SGML:
• Still used in specialized, legacy applications (e.g.,
technical manuals, aerospace documentation).
Conclusion:
•SGML, XML, and HTML have their roots in the same
family but serve different purposes.
•HTML is a web-centric markup language, XML
focuses on data interchange, and SGML serves as a
foundational specification.
•Understanding their relationships helps in choosing
the right technology for your project.
THANK YOU!

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