Reviewer in English 9

Communicative Styles

Frozen Style
It is also known as the fixed speech because it has a predetermined and established speech which uses a
complex grammatical sentence structure and vocabulary and it does not require any feedback unless it is
required with a fixed response like that in Masses. It is used in respectful situations or formal ceremonies such
as weddings, mass, funerals, national pledges, national anthem, and Miranda rights.

Formal Style
The speaker is expected to use formal words and expressions. It intends to share information that conforms to
professional rules, standards, and process. The speaker is prohibited to use slang terminologies. It is usually
used during business meetings, hearings, speeches, school lessons, job interviews, and research papers and oral
defense.

Consultative Style
It is also known as the unplanned speech. It is used in a semi-formal communication and considered as the most
operational among the other styles. It is usually used in group discussion, business meetings, trade, and asking
someone who is more knowledgeable about certain matters such as Doctors, Lawyers, Pharmacists, and
Teachers.

Casual Style
It is also known as Informal Style. It is used in conversations between peers and people who have something to
share and have shared background information. It allows the use of unconventional English words. It is usually
used in phone calls, everyday conversation with peers and/or strangers in chats, and in text messages.

Intimate Style
It is used in conversation between people who are very close and have known each other quite well. It uses
personal language codes and nonverbal communication. It is usually used in couple talking about their
relationship goals, family sharing things about each other, and best friends sharing secrets and special moments.

Activity Time
Identify the communicative style being presented in each item.

1. I will send to your email the budget proposal regarding our event tomorrow.
2. What should I do as I am experiencing anxiety right now?
3. This is Kjel, how may I help you today?
4. The meeting will come to order. Our first agenda is all about the Examinations for tomorrow.
5. Ate, I want to get one cup of rice and Kare-Kare for my ulam.
6. You have the right to remain silent.
7. The Lord be with you.
8. See you later, baby. I can’t wait to see you!
9. I hate you so much!
10. Girl, what did you do earlier in Sir Loyd’s class?
 Phrases and Clauses

Phrases
A phrase is a group of words, without a subject and verb, that functions in a sentence as one part of speech. It
enhances the function of the sentence.

Example:
Carlos Yulo is a gymnast.
Carlos Yulo is a gymnast with impressive number of achievements.

Prepositional Phrases
They contain a preposition, and a noun or pronoun as the object of the preposition. The object may have
modifiers and be compound.

Adjective Phrase. It is a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which
one.

Cassy Ong is aware of the danger of travelling alone.

Aware of which danger? Of traveling alone.

The idea of beauty is not identical in all culture.

What kind of idea? Of beauty

Adverb Phrase. It is a prepositional phrase that modifies as a verb, adjective, or adverb by pointing out where,
when, in what manner, or to what extent

The Taal Volcano rumbled in the early morning hours.

When did the Taal Volcano rumble? In the early morning hours.

The idea of beauty is not identical in all culture.

Where is it not identical? In all culture.

Activity Time
Identify whether the prepositional phrase is an adjective or an adverb.

1. Nadia Comanci competed in the 1976 Games in Montreal.

2. Her performance on the uneven bars occurred during the first game day.
3. This fourteen-year old from Romania received a judge’s mark of 10.00.
4. In the gymnastic events, Nadia earned a total of three gold medals and seven perfect scores.
5. Nadia was happy about the first perfect score in Olympic history.

Verbal Phrases
A verbal is a word derived from a verb but used as a noun, adjective, or adverb. A verbal with modifiers or
complement is called a verbal phrase—participial phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive phrase.

Participial Phrase. It is a participle modified by an adjective or adverb phrase or accompanied by a

complement. The entire phrase acts as an adjective.

The factory ruined by the fire smoldered until the next morning.
Which kind of factory? Ruined by the fire
Note: why is smoldered not the start participial phrase? Because smoldered here is a VERB and not a
verbal.
 The dignitary representing the President will address the Security Council.
Which kind of dignitary? Representing the President.

Gerund Phrase. It is a gerund with modifiers or a complement, all acting together as a noun.

Worrying about the deadline prevented the learners from sleeping.

Worrying about the deadline acts as a subject, therefore, a NOUN.

A qualification for applications is having an art degree.

Having an art degree is a predicate nominative, therefore, a NOUN.

Infinitive Phrase. It is an infinitive with modifiers, a complement, or a subject, all acting to gather as a single
part of speech.

The bank decided to lend the family the money.

Her financial goal was to earn one million pesos by age twenty-five.
To see you again is my ultimate wish.

Activity Time
Identify whether the verbal phrase is gerund, infinitive, or participial.

1. Our club proposed giving the patients a Halloween party.

2. The city’s plans are to build a large convention center and hotel complex.
3. The document, yellowed with age, contained the information we need.
4. Alice Guo, driving the BMW, owns the farm.
5. To listen carefully is important.

Clauses
A clause is a group words containing a subject and a predicate and used a s part of a sentence. It has two (2)
kinds: the independent clause that can stand alone and the dependent clause that needs an independent clause to
have a complete thought.

Adjective Clause
An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that, like an adjective, modifies a noun or a pronoun.

The Ombudsman suspended Jaime “Jing” Capil who is the mayor of Porac.
The clause describes who Jaime Capil is.

Decisions that the Supreme Court has made become part of the law of the land.
The clause describes what kind of decision.

Noun Clause
A noun clause is a subordinate clause that acts as a noun in a sentence. It can be the subject, the predicate
nominative, the direct object, and the like.

Whoever understands the discussion should help those who do not.

The clause is answered by the question who should help those who do not.

Give this permission slip to whoever is at the office.

The clause is answered by the question to whom should they give the permission slip.
Adverb Clause
An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, adverb, or a verbal. It does it by
pointing out where, when, in what manner, to what extent, under what condition, or why.

The committee announced the new tax plan after the election was over.
When did the committee announce?

Unless he is interested in the plot of a movie, he does not watch it.

What was the condition why does not watch the movie?

Activity Time
Identify whether the clause is an adjective, noun or adverb.

1. Since the controversy about POGO started, Filipinos have identified the right leader to vote.
2. Make sure to think it through before you make a decision.
3. What its needle-cluster resemble gives the foxtail pine its name.
4. We found that her loquacity was difficult to bear.
5. The time for complaints about marks which were recorded last quarter has already passed.
6. Her friend Risa Hontiveros is the only person whom Atty. Leni Robredo trusts in the Senate.