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Matrices

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5 views5 pages

Matrices

Uploaded by

degregorioj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name ________________________________ Date ______

Objective: To calculate basic operations with matrices and solve 2 variable systems using matrices.

Matrices
What are Matrices?
Matrix: A rectangular array of variables or constants in horizontal rows and vertical columns, usually
enclosed in brackets or parentheses. (Plural: Matrices)

Element: Each value in the matrix

Dimensions: The size of the matrix

• A matrix with 𝑚 rows and 𝑛 columns is an 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix (read “𝑚 by 𝑛”).


(number of rows) x (number of columns)

• In the example above, the size would be ____ × ____

Example 1: State the dimensions of each matrix shown below.

Example 2: What are the dimensions of the following matrix?

Square Matrix: Matrices that are the same dimensions


𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
Example 1: 2 x 2 matrix = [ ] or ( )
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑

𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
Example 2: 3 x 3 matrix = [𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 ] or (𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 )
𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3 𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3
Equal Matrices: Two matrices that have the same dimensions in which each element of one matrix is
equal to the corresponding element of the other matrix.
Equal Matrices: Non-Equal Matrices:

𝑥+4 9
Example 1: Solve [ ]=[ ]
2𝑦 12

Adding and Subtracting Matrices

• The matrices must have the same dimensions.


• You add/subtract corresponding elements.

4 −6 6 2
Example 1: Find 𝐴 + 𝐵 if 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ].
2 3 0 1

1 2 4 5 6
Example 2: Find 𝐴 + 𝐵 if 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ].
0 3 7 8 9

2 −10 −2 6 10 −2
Example 3: Given the matrices 𝐴 = [14 12 10 ]and 𝐵 = [ 0 −12 −4]
4 −2 2 −5 2 −2

a. Find 𝐴 + 𝐵

b. Find 𝐴 − 𝐵
Multiplying Matrices
Multiplying by a Scalar: Besides adding and subtracting whole matrices, there are many situations in
which we need to multiply a matrix by a constant called a scalar. Recall that a scalar is a real number
quantity that has magnitude but not direction. The process of scalar multiplication involves multiplying
each entry in a matrix by a scalar. A scalar multiple is any entry of a matrix that results from scalar
multiplication.

8 1
Example 1: Given 𝐴 = [ ], calculate 3𝐴.
5 4

Example 2: Find the sum of 3𝐴 + 2𝐵.

Finding the Product of Matrices: In addition to multiplying a matrix by a scalar, we can multiply two
matrices. Finding the product of two matrices is only possible when the inner dimensions are the same
meaning that the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second
matrix. For example, the product AB is possible because the number of columns in A is the same as the
number of rows in B. If the inner dimensions do not match, the product is not defined.

Example 1: Multiply matrix A and matrix B.


Example 2: Find 𝐴𝐵 given the following matrices:

Example 3: Given 𝐴 and 𝐵,

a. Find 𝐴𝐵

b. Find 𝐵𝐴

Using Matrices to Solve Systems of Equations

Example 1: 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 – 5𝑦 = 1

First, let’s solve the system using an algebraic method.


Now, let’s solve the same system of equations above using matrices.

Example 2: Solve the following system of equations using matrices: 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 2


−3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11

Example 3: Solve the following system of equations using matrices: 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 24


2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12
𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −31

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