AssIGNMENT- 5 CSE 113]

Defne strwetwes and njond C. Enplain

n C. tthe
declaration and ditfenences between them.
Ae Stwctwres in C:
Strwctues alla yon to gio vasjables of diffeset
data typu wele
Menbe of be a cceted wmg the
dot (^) operatn
Declartion:
stuct Studet
t l| Nurbea;
cha name [s])
float mantij

Unions in
Unions, ke stwctwe, allo gou to gop vasiabley
of dffoent dat yres.
wcli memosy as the ayest
ynemben, wheeas s4wtes
) e memory egual to fhe dm
of hein menbers.
ymember of a ion Cau be
accesÇe d t a
tme
 Declation
Unen Value

flont foatnlue;

Ditfenneu byw Strwctne and

1. Mermoy Allocaton;
Strwctues: allocote merory for each menber depndety
Vwions : shne memey anog all members.
2. Acee ssing Mebens i 4ccesJed
Stowctwes: Menbeu ae
member be acceted at a fie.
One

when ifferet pieces of ihfouaton need

Sstnwctwes: whed
to be sored siltecuy:
Uion: wed when piece of infmation meesls
ondy
to loe Ngored at a time, buct he tyc may vay.

Yhow dlo CAeate aag of strwetue m c?

rotde practcal aplication.
of stwctes in C
Geatig
defadt strwcte nd ten declag
of that stowctuoe tye.
 Cistudents
3. o.2f\n", Manks: prntf
("
manks); pridf
i].mameJ; stuents %s\n", Name: ("
d
\n", undben: Roll pritt(
n; Ci].rll stvdents Cint for
it+)
{ i<3; iz0;
[2].manks=48.3j studet
nane," (stodents
(21. strepy
Tohnion"); Bob
lo3j Nunten roll (2].Studect
92.0; maks= [1).student
(students
C11. stncpy
nita"}; "Jane nane,
Jo2;nol|Nunben [1].studets
Co).marts Studets
nane,stncpy(sfudet
85.5j [o]. =
Doe"J; "Joun
ollNumden=
Jol; [o].Student
studets
(3] ; Studet strwet
ma() int
maks; float
[so] name cun
Munbenj rol nt
Studetf stowet
<stdio.h> #include
 Declarati:
Union alue

float floatalue ;
chs sthyvalue [2o3;

Differnees b/w Strwctne and

1 Memo Allocatron ;
Stnwctes: allocnte meny fon en ch menbes jndepdetg
all menbend .c

2. Aceessng Mebens i g the (o).

Strwctes: Menbeu re accessed helimdaly
member be accened at
. Umoms: One

3 Vsage of ihfonatien need

Strwteti Wed when diffenet pieces
o be Stored iltaneouy.
" Uniona: wed when on One piece of infention meesls
to lbe NAored at a tine, buct the tye mag vay.

Q2 Yow clo you Create of stwetue M C?

lraide a practical opplicahin.
Geatg an
ay of srwtes in c jeld
sfrwcte then declag
defig a
of tluat skwe
strwctee tye.
 concept of a
ud 1/o theanig
n C, fles a e wjed fo) input nd output
Dfetios. A 6les collecton of data sforet
Sfeuge
medium, tvch as hand doive
a Payli dee. n C, the stdio, h bay proydes
fctou fon fle operatow.
Concept of a Recond:
a colleetion of elated dat iter!
4neated as eco
often the Rmallest nit ot clatq that head
from Lwite to file.
fon exanple, f menging infonation abrot
Yvelet dotlu Cou lo Conidened a ecosd

h C, input ( output operatioud penfrmed

A stream
1/0 sAncandng in c iuolies the flow of cat bytei.
lbetween
output fnctios Uie wyed fon
ud from files. srearg dat to
enable data perHistence,
suprgeut stwctwed
cod colleetion of data,
I/0o strean iwobed he anster of data
fle operatiy ertewvl stonage
 between tyes f kles i inolered fles,
random
Sequentinl files and
tfeereut pen of filea feue
distnt pepose;
1. Seqehial Ale :
Chargtenistics - Dati Stored in a linean equutial
Onde.
" Access Pattery Read on wrte operationg 0cun
from he begtng to the end of tue fle.
Aduantoe- hmple and eay to irpleret. suitable fon
tasks whne dat is proceiied in a inea mannen.
isadvantayes netfciert ton dineet CCEeS

modihicato at bitray pontions.

tndered hles:
dhnacterietes - Dasta foned teyuentinly, bnt an index
Js mantaned fon dinect acces.
" Acces latten - Allow fon both Pegieuel ont dheet
acces jles trwcchore.
Advantages- enables quick aces
withott readig the entne Kle seg ventially
Dis advatages - More comglex due to the maitenance
ndey. be len ethuent fon eentl operation
comparel o 4equenht fle
Random fle:
Chanatenitties Supporct chet acceH to any record
without te need for segetal roceshig
" Access latte- allaw dirt acce necord! based
pecithc potition and
Adrtes- efkcieut fon both equentl dinect acces

PSadvantges ypically jole mene compler implementaton

compred to tegvental kles
 between tyes of fles inolered flee,
fles and ranlom filer.
Sequental
C proyamhg, lfeneut types of flee feue
diitmet pepoe:
1. Sequeutial Ale :
Chargctenisties - Dati is S4ored in a linean teuential
0nde.
" Access Pattey- Read on wite opeatons 0cewn squedtilly
frem the beginnig to the end of the file.
Adiantoes- mple and eany to irlerat. tuitable fon
fases dat is paocesied n a inea manne.

isadvantages- hetfkeiat for dinet

madihcatoy at abtitr poaitio.
tndexed hles:
caraterietes - Desta but ay index
Js mataned fon dinect access
Acces Patten - Allow fon both
j'ne twcte.
Advantges- enables quck ouces to pe aifie ecod!
withot Aeadg the enre fle
Disadrantag- ore comples due to thetequetd
be len e thidevt fon
maiteiane of
indey. opoahon
companed to eqrended Aler
B Randam fle: record
Chanateniahes Support dineet accen to ong
witout the meed fon seyvetal poceting
. Acceus fatteu- lla iet acce o necondi byed
opecihe potiton
" Adtges- efkeent fon both mauental and diect
hutase fon taks egnung nanom data ndia
acces

compla inmplameatadie
corpred to tequenhal fles.
05 fle in C?
Houw you Ceate a clata
Explin the pro cets
dote 7le jn C mres the fle .
wite nead and lee
9ndown:
baic
data fle in C:
Steps to Create a

nclude meceha Libraes

finclude < stdio. h> || fen file openatond
2. Detne a fle pointor: iuteat ith fle
will be ued to
FILE flePointen;

foren ("4lename.txt""w");
fon witg 34 the file alneny
Ymode Csietes a new fle
contents .
exts -

Loil ovEwste i
mode ted to exiating fle.
" "a"
4 Wite clat fprintt ()' n fptel)':
to the fle
data.ln"J;
fprintt (flkfcinte,Ths is one
l on using fpute :
flefointen);
I| fputc ('H',Alelointen );
I| fpute ('i,
felose ()' :
lose he Ale Using
fclore (-fleloindend;
S4 esetal to dose he file aftor you ae done.
from it. This
sICnding sared and 1er0wces neleased.
Exgmple
incuele <stolio. h>
jvet man ()
FILE *flefointerj
"w");
flefointen = foren (" data.txt",
if (flefoinden
peunct ("hle could not be opened."J;

Some dataln"):
teintt ( flelointen, "Thit is
fle in C is sirple!\n"
fpointt ( flefointen ,"Wstig to a
fclose (fle Pointen;

Biscws he opentin nnaled in openi clong

and mauipulang data fle.
6le:
Dpening
fopen l)' fle and estalt a conne tion blu
fuyose- o open q
he Ale and fle pointer.
Syndax- FILE fopenl cowst ehan *flenane, cont chas *ode);
f'lemare - Name of the fle to be opened.
mode - peike te poOe of fle acceM Like eadng
wwring, ppendg te.. (eijy "n", w, "a", "a+", "w", a+").
Gle :
Closing
flose () anel e r e
"Pyose-o clore n Opened file to nelease neorce
data intgt FILE *Alefointen);
Syntar- int fcloe (
" flePoivten- The poiter to the file to be clored.
 Reactfs canfing ),
Data from
fgets(), fread)
a ile :

"Puopore
Synt
To cacl clata frem an opencd tile

inct fscanf (fILE * flefointen, cont chay t forat,...))

" chai
gets ( chn *tn, int n, fiLE *Aeojnter
*Size t fnca (vold *pta. ze-t size ie-t mmenb, fILE **lefointen);
fs cant() nca fotmatied data , fets() 9eads L'ne of text,
freadl ncacd a block of data.

Witing
fprintf (),
Data to 9 fle :
fputs (), fwnitel.
furpose- To write data to an opened fle.
" Syntax
"int fpintf( FiLE *flefoider, const chan *format,- );
" int fputs ( cot ch *s4, fILE
**lelointer);
" Sizet fwrte ( cowt void *pta, i2e-t size, G2et nnonb,
FILE *ktelointor
fprintflU wites formated data, fput () wnites a
block of data.
Moing within a file:
fseekl), reindJ
Rnpoe the move
fle.
the fle polnter to a tpe
eie locaton withn
Synty
.jnt fseck (FILE * kfomter ,
" yoid ewind Long offset ,mt whence);
(fILE *fle Poircde:
fseekl) allow ndom Qccest
baed ou
9eindl) move
'henee' Cstt, cnet, on end of ifle).
opecified poiton
the pointen to
the begtnng of the fle.
 defnes a
C Pogam that Mwcte
huelent jnfoaon (name, roll unben
to repesent
ama maes ound ntorcs t in a file.
Au ttinclude <stdio.hs
# include < stellib.h>
stvct Studet
chas name (so];

flot j

ivt ymain(){
strwct stvotet stutect ; || Creade a vawahe of type student
I| Get stvelent infomatian forom tue uyer
poivtf ("Eter stolenct ane ; ";
fgett (student. name, i2e of (student.mame), stin);
p9untt "te oll mumter: "},
Scant (od", k studet. oll Mnben );
privet f (" ter ks:");
scant (%d", stvdet. maksJ;
a le in wtt noee
FILE *6lefoinen;
flefointen - fopen ( "studet info. 4xt", "w;
Il check if the file was openet fucestly
if (AlePoindea= NULL)
pritt ("sovon openng te tle\n");

Mwrite sAudet nformata to the fle

fpriutt (Alelointen,"Nane: s, stvdeut name );
fprintf ( fleloiten, "Rotrnben: dln sterd. rollNumben );
fpaidtt(kleloiter, " Manke! od,2f\n", shdeuct. mank);
 Reatfscanfl0,
ing Datafgcts(),fromfreadl)
a fle:

-PSynt
uopoe clata forom opencd file

* int fs canf (fILE * Ale Pointen , cot chn tformat,)

" chai
*f3s (cln t , jnt n, fILE *flePojnten
-t tncad (void ptn, siz2e - t sizc ize-t nmcnt, fILE *filePointen))
fs cant ) ncad fomated
, fyct:() 9cads a ine of tent,
data
a fneadl) ncads a block of data.

Woutfprintt
ing Data(),
to q fle :
fputs (), fuwnitel ).
" fupose- To write data to an pencd fle.
" Syntax
"int fpnt f ( fILE *flefonder , cont chan tformat,J;
tpucs Cconst cha *st, FILE **lefointer );
" Si2e_t furte(cowt void *ptr, Gize-t size, Gi2e-t nnonb,
FILE *flefoite
fporintfl wnites toratked data , fput() wtes a
a block of data.
Moving within file:
fseek(), ewin0
Pupoe- o more te fle pointe to a tpe ci fie
the fle. Locatton wihn
t fsek (FILE *fefoden ,
" yoid Long offset ,t whcnce);
rewind (FILE *flefojvden
fseekl) llow andem accet
baed ow
lwhenee' by mog t a
reind() mmoes theCstut, cnet, on end of pecited poition
pojndes to the fle).
beginng of the fte.
 Il clote te fle
fclore (fle Pointen);

fle fohde =fypen

fypen ("sthelect
l"stdent tnfo.4x+",

Sooor opeay the feln");

tf ("

/Read and olyolay the stvdert intorndian frem fle

printf ("n Stvdeict Intemton stored in tle:ln";
NULL) f
while (faets ( line, Sizeof (line), flefointor) =
pritt (s", ine );

fclore (leforntea );

3
 pPrgam that eads a teot fle hd
Q8. Ceate
Cont the wbe of
#incltde <stelo. h>

# defne MAX_woRDLENhTH Go

FILE * fteloivden ;
lhr fleNane Cso];
clhan wod [MAy-wORD. LEN6THJ;
jvt wod Cotz0,
pivtt ( Enter he mame ot te file ");
Scantl s , ile Name))

file Poiten > fopen l fleNane. , "");

it (Alelinder == NULL)
pintt (" the fite.\n");

wile (fs Cant ( flefoinder"

wCAd Couut+t

fclove (fleloinden) Wbrdcot

prindf (" The tle s' cantus od wol. \n", fkName,