SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN

HẢI PHÒNG DỰ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA

NĂM HỌC 2019-2020
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC
ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
(Đề thi gồm 12 trang) Thời gian: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
Ngày thi: 28/9/2019
ĐIỂM BÀI THI HỌ TÊN, CHỮ KÝ GIÁM KHẢO SỐ PHÁCH

Bằng số: ….......................... Giám khảo 1: …………………………………

Bằng chữ: …....................... Giám khảo 2: …………………………………

Chú ý: - Thí sinh làm bài vào đề thi.

- Thí sinh không được sử dụng bất kỳ tài liệu gì, kể cả từ điển.
- Giám thị không giải thích gì thêm.

SECTION A. LISTENING (25 pts)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN NGHE HIỂU:
 Giám thị bật đĩa nghe một lần duy nhất. Đĩa nghe tự động chạy từ đầu đến hết.
 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần, mỗi phần được nghe hai lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 5 giây. Ở đầu và cuối
mỗi phần, thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc hướng dẫn và câu hỏi cũng như kiểm tra đáp án.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc từng phần có tín hiệu. Ở đầu và cuối bài thi nghe có tín hiệu nhạc.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong đề bài nghe.

Part 1: You will hear a lecture and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS taken from the recording for each answer. (5 pts)

1. What did the City Council conduct the previous year?

Extensive consultation exercise......................................................................................
2. How did the speaker describe Ellen Wendon?
Internationally renowned architect...................................................................................
3. What was carried out to ease the local press’s concern?
Checks about capacity....................................................................................................
4. What was the inspiration for the design of the Central Park Playground?
The Global Village...........................................................................................................
5. What is featured in the Africa section?
Wonderful mosaics..........................................................................................................

Part 2: You will hear a short public speech. (5 pts)

Read the statements below. In boxes 1-5, write:
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the speaker
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the speaker
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the speaker claims or thinks about this

1. Mountain-climbing has always been Stella’s passion.

2. Stella found the physical and mental training equally testing.
3. The lack of commodities troubles Stella at times.
4. All three of the climbers find the experience incredibly fulfilling.
5. Stella’s mountain climbing has opened up new job opportunities.

Your answers:
1. F 2. F 3. NG 4. T 5. T

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Part 3: You will hear the historian, George Davies, talking about society and the theatre in
England in the time of William Shakespeare. Listen and choose the answer (A, B, C, or
D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the boxes 1-5. (5
pts)
1. What is Professor Davies' view of the level of literacy in sixteenth-century England?
A. It was increasing steadily.
B. It matched his expectations.
C. It contributed to social unrest.
D. It was uniform across the social spectrum.
2. What, according to Professor Davies, was the advantage of the usual method of
communication in the sixteenth century?
A. People were more direct in the way they spoke.
B. It made people patient listeners.
C. People absorbed more of what they heard.
D. It encouraged close relationships between people.
3. Professor Davies believes that Shakespeare's company developed their basic acting
skills by ______.
A. reciting their lessons
B. attending special voice classes
C. learning from Shakespeare himself
D. imitating the style of other actors
4. What, in Professor Davies' view, was the advantage of sixteenth-century theatres?
A. They made use of natural light.
B. They were shaped like a sports arena.
C. They encouraged the appreciation of drama.
D. The performances were complemented by everyday life.
5. According to Professor Davies, 16th century plays were expected to deal with ______.
A. personal confessions
B. character development
C. intimate emotions
D. matters of state

Your answers:
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D

Part 4: You will hear a recording. In boxes 1-10, write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER to complete the sentences. (10 pts)
a. Facebook is under pressure to not become a (1) ______.
b. Terrorists have (2) ______ to Facebook or won new recruits there.
c. Facebook wants to block dangerous content without by hiring more human monitors of (3) ______
and using (4) ______.
d. Facebook can create a hash, which is a (5) ______ of a video.
e. Sometimes people are required to actually review the content that the software is (6) ______ for
the company.
f. The U.S government always avoids (7) ______ when it comes to free speech.
g. Some people express dissatisfaction or even hatred for countries, or for their (8) ______.
h. Facebook do not tweak their (9) ______ so that they would get to the right people. They simply try
to help (10) ______ make their speech reach a lot of people.

Your answers:
1. platform for violence 6. flagging
2. proclaimed allegiance to 7. prior restraint
3. doubtful content 8. foreign policies
4. image-matching software 9. algorithms
5. digital fingerprint 10. civil society groups

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SECTION B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (30 pts)
Part 1: Choose the correct answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions. (10 pts)

1. Please excuse my ______ reply. I’ve been very busy recently.

A. pert B. brash C. tardy D. curt
2. This novel is definitely his best work to ______.
A. present B. period C. time D. date
3. What you did wasn't illegal, but it wasn’t morally ______ either.
A. fit B. sound C. worthy D. clean
4. She had a ______ dream about falling.
A. looming B. incessant C. imminent D. recurrent
5. After being scolded by his mother, Victor was ______ with anger.
A. simmering B. poaching C. popping D. splitting
6. The professor discovered a ______ unknown species in that rainforest.
A. hitherto B. hereby C. henceforth D. herewith
7. As a/an ______ child, she was spoiled by her parents.
A. single B. only C. sole D. lone
8. He got caught ______ the demonstrations and got arrested.
A. over on B. over in C. up on D. up in
9. Someone unknown ______ the police about the plan to rob the bank.
A. tipped off B. teased out C. taken in D. led on
10. The bride's father was resigned to ______ the bill for the wedding.
1. A. wielding B. footing C. standing D. bearing
11. Unless you ______ your mistakes, you will never get a promotion.
A. reform B. alter C. rectify D. square
12. I'll take a ______ at the answer, but I don't really know for sure.
A. stab B. nudge C. strike D. prod
13. Miners are ______ to resume their attack on government policies.
A. poised B. eased C. composed D. assured
14. He enjoys the cut and ______ of business.
A. just B. trust C. thrust D. gut
15. It's important to keep a ______ head when you're dealing with a dangerous situation like this one.
A. calm B. flat C. true D. level
16. Bacteria of the harmful kind ______ diseases.
A. causes B. cause C. is caused D. causing
17. He showed me a photo of the museum ______ he visited last year.
A. whom B. what C. where D. which
18. ______ that she couldn’t say anything.
A. However upset was she B. But upset was she
C. So upset was she D. Such upset was she
19. It was too late to back ______ the contract.
A. out of B. down on C. off from D. away from
20. We were gaining ______ the vehicle in front.
A. up B. about C. on D. over

Your answers:
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. C

Part 2: Supply the correct form of the words in brackets to complete each of the following
sentences. (5 pts)

1. The market is my favorite one! It’s full of honest (DAY) people just trying to make a living.
2. Thinner paints need black added to increase (OPAQUE).
3. He fought for (ABOLISH) of the death penalty in Britain.
4. What we need now is a major (HAUL) of environmental regulations.
5. I told him at the (SET) I wasn't interested.
6. It is currently estimated that two-thirds of (DIVORCE) will eventually remarry.
7. The building is just a relic of a (GO) era.

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8. After the election, there will most likely be a fundamental (APPRAISE) of the way unions operate.
9. The film’s religious (IMAGE) made a significant impact on viewers.
10. Our dorm only has a (COMMUNE) bathroom, so it’s quite difficult to find some privacy.

Your answers:
1. everyday 2. opacity 3. abolition 4. overhaul 5. outset
6. divorcees 7. bygone 8. reappraisal 9. imagery 10. communal

Part 3: The following text contains 10 words that need correction. Identify these words and
write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes (1-10). There is an example
at the beginning (0). (10 pts)

Line 1 It is the human factor that contributes to the absolute majority of road accidents which
Line 2 involves the tremendous toll of fatalities each year. Other, less decisive, causes are
Line 3 vehicle functions or road shortcomings.
Line 4 Speeding motorists are notorious about failing to give way at junctions, judging the
Line 5 situation on the road or being unable to accurately estimate the distance while
Line 6 overtaking the ‘snail-pacers’ ahead. Drinkers who settle behind the wheel after one
Line 7 glass or two may be running the risk of causing a tragedy through their impairing
Line 8 perception, which is not so rare a case, again.
Line 9 Unfortunately, it is much simpler to introduce the necessary alterations in the traffic
Line 10 system that change the behavioural patterns of drivers. There are voices that more
Line 11 severe disciplinary resolutions ought to put into practice if the vehicle users are to
Line 12 benefit from greater security on the road. The idea of producing safe road users through
Line 13 pre-school parental instruction or through incorporating the safety regulations for the
Line 14 school curriculum has been widely acclaimed in many communities and are expected to
Line 15 yield the required results as the first step in bettering the qualifications of the future
Line 16 drivers and acquaint them with the potential hazards that may arise en route.

Your answers:
No. Lines Mistakes Corrections
1. 2 involves involve
2. 3 functions malfunctions
3. 4 about for
4. 4 judging misjudging
5. 7 impairing impaired
6. 10 that than
7. 11 to put to be put
8. 13 for into
9. 14 are is
10. 16 acquaint acquainting

Part 4: Read the passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. (5 pts)

INTRODUCTION TO A MAGAZINE FEATURE

Are your cupboards bursting at the (1) ______, your bag full of unwanted receipts, sweet wrappers
and chewed up pens? Do you often spend (2) ______ searching for keys, or telephone numbers (3)
______ down on the backs of envelopes? If the answer is 'yes', then worry no more. The order and
calm you long for is nearer than you think. Just follow our guide to decluttering your life.

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It's difficult to think clearly or creatively, to relax or (4) ______ , if you live amongst (5) ______ of junk.
Clutter has a way of controlling us. When our environment is in a (6) ______ , our minds can also feel
disordered. When rubbish is allowed to (7) ______ up, and stagnate, a combination of frustration,
confusion and lethargy (8) ______ ; we can feel stuck and unsure of our direction. Clearing (9)
______ unused and unwanted (10) ______ allows us to focus more clearly. Try for yourself and see.

1. A. edges B. seams C. hems D. lapels

2. A. times B. ages C. eras D. stages
3. A. jotted B. penned C. doodled D. etched
4. A. unfold B. unleash C. unload D. unwind
5. A. hordes B. stacks C. folders D. piles
6. A. dump B. chaos C. mess D. tip
7. A. clog B. build C. stock D. grow
8. A. holds on B. stands out C. joins up D. sets in
9. A. down B. away C. out D. off
10. A. features B. items C. matters D. entities

Your answers:
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B

SECTION C. READING (25 pts)

Part 1: Read the text below and think of a word which best fits each gap. (5 pts)

Throughout the ages, disease has stalked (1) ______ species. Prehistoric humans must quickly have
learnt what could be eaten without danger, and how to avoid plants that could (2) ______ about
illness. They found leaves, berries and the bark of different trees that could actually (3) ______
wounds and cure the sick, and (4) ______ soon became a special skill to understand natural
medicine.
Ever since the dawn of history, medicine men and wise women have always been expert in (5)
______ diseases and have dispensed (6) ______ ritual and magic. By trial and (7) ______ they
discovered treatments for almost any affliction prevalent at the time. The precious recipes for
preparations which could relieve pain, stop fits, sedate or stimulate were (8) ______ down from
generation to generation, while there was (9) ______ exact understanding of the way in which the
medicines worked. Nevertheless, (10) ______ the power of these primitive medicines, generations
were still ravaged by disease.

Your answers:
1. our 2. bring 3. heal 4. it 5. treating
8. handed/
6. with 7. error 9. no 10. despite
passed

Part 2: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (10 pts)
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BRITISH TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Textile production in Britain can be said to have its roots as an industry at the beginning of the
18th century, when Thomas Crotchet and George Sorocold established what is thought to be the first
factory built in Britain. It was a textile mill with a waterwheel as its source of power, the latest
machinery, and even accommodation for the workers. As well as possibly being the first sweatshop in
the modem sense, it was the beginning of the end for traditional textile production.
For hundreds of years the spinning and weaving of cloth had been done manually by men,
women and children in their own homes. The yarn would be combed and spun using a spindle, then
woven on a hand loom, and what they produced would be mainly for local consumption.Technology
far more sophisticated than the spindle and hand-loom would change all that.
The demand for cotton textiles had been growing since the Middle Ages, fostered by the
importation of high quality cotton fabrics from the Middle East and India. So how were local producers
to fight off the competition? The imported fabrics were of course expensive, so textile makers (not just
in Britain but throughout Europe) produced mixed fabrics and cotton substitutes. They also had
foreign textiles banned. But the key to the increased productivity needed to meet the demand, was
machine production. It would be fester, cheaper and the finished products would be consistent in

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quality. Not least of the advantages was that it would allow manufacturers to market their goods on a
large, if not yet global, scale.
The story of the growth of the British textile industry from about 1733 and for the next two
hundred years is one of constant technological innovation and expansion. In 1733 John Kay invented
the fly-shuttle, which made the hand-loom more efficient, and in 1764 James Hargreaves came up
with the spinning jenny, which among other things had the effect of raising productivity eightfold. The
next great innovator was Richard Arkwright, who in 1768 employed John Kay (of the fly-shuttle) to
help him build more efficient machinery. He was a man with a vision – to mechanise textile production
– and by 1782 he had a network of mills across Britain. As the water-powered machinery, though not
yet fully mechanised, became more complex, Kay began to use steam engines for power.The first
power-loom, however, which was invented in 1785 by Dr Edmund Cartwright, really did mechanise
the weaving stage of textile manufacture.
The pace of growth quickened with the expansion of Britain’s influence in the world and the
acquisition of colonies from which cheap raw materials could be imported. For example, in a single
decade, from 1781 to 1791, imports of cotton into Britain quadrupled, going on to reach 100 million
pounds in weight in 1815 and 263 million in 1830. The increase in exports is equally impressive; in
1751 £46,000 worth of cloth was exported and by the end of the century this had risen to £5.4 million.
By the end of the 19th century the figure had soared to close on £50 million. Britain was now
supplying cheaper and better quality clothing to a global market. Yet during the course of the 20th
century Britain lost its position as a major textile manufacturer.
So what happened? There are a number of views on this question, not all of them conflicting,
and where there is disagreement it is usually about when the decline began. Whether it began before
the First World War (1914-18), or during the inter-war years (1919- 1939), or after 1945, most
economists would give roughly the same reasons. To start with, there was competition from abroad,
especially from developing countries in the Far East, notably Japan. It was thought by manufacturers
that the best way to combat this increased competition was to modernise. However, management and
the labour unions were unable to agree on how to handle this situation.
Modernisation would mean people losing their jobs and possibly a change in labour practices.
Such changes as were made served only to slow down the industry’s decline rather than help regain
its predominant position. Economically less developed countries, on the other hand, had the
advantage of being able to provide low wage competition, without the problem of powerful labour
unions.
There are, of course, many other reasons for the textile industry’s decline, two of which
became particularly noticeable in the late twentieth century and are related. The first is outsourcing,
when manufacturers establish factories in countries where there is cheap labour. This obviously leads
to less demand for locally-produced goods. Related to this, the textile and clothing industries have
acquired a bad reputation for exploiting workers, often illegal immigrants, in sweatshops where they
are forced to work long hours and are paid far less than the minimum wage.
We seem to be back with Crotchet and Sorocold and their first live-in factory. The globalising
trend of out sourcing, however, was a rational response to the growing competition from overseas,
which, it goes without saying, does not excuse the exploitation of workers. The British industry itself,
while no longer holding a key place in the global textile market, has adapted itself and now
concentrates more on the world of fashion and design, where it seems to be doing quite well.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer in boxes 1-6:

Textile Manufacture
Early history
Begins as a cottage industry
Products hand-woven and made for (1) ______
Local producers face (2) ______ from overseas
Ways found to deal with situation
Imported fabrics (3) ______, mixed cottons produced
Early technology
Machine production needed to (4) ______ for cotton fabrics
Improved technology (such as the fly-shuttle) more (5) ______ and productive
Machinery begins to be powered by (6) ______

Your answers:

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1. local 4. meet (the)
2. competition 3. banned 5. efficient 6. steam
consumption demand

Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in the reading passage?
In boxes 8-10, write:
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

7. Foreign textiles were banned because of their inferior quality.

8. Richard Arkwright built the first fully mechanised textile mill.
9. In less developed countries, the industry could rely on cheap labour.
10. Out-sourcing was one method used to compete with foreign manufacturers.

Your answers:
7. N 8. NG 9. Y 10. Y

Part 3: You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or
D) which you think fits best according to the text. (5 pts)

P.D. JAMES
Barbara Michaels meets the acclaimed crime writer, whose innocent exterior hides a complex and
brilliant imagination.
Best-selling crime writer P.D. James — the initials stand for Phyllis Dorothy — exudes an air
of quiet authority. It is easy to envisage her, had she not become a creator of detective stories with
more twists and turns than a spiral staircase, as a headmistress of a girls' school. But it is soon
apparent from what she says that the authoritative mien is, in fact, a cloak for shyness. She
reluctantly admits that Adam Dalgliesh, the detective in her novels, 'is, I suppose, modelled on myself
— or rather, the way I would have turned out if I had been a man'. Dalgliesh prefers to unravel the
complexities of crimes solo, as does his creator. 'I need time on my own, particularly when I am
writing. I can write more or less anywhere as long as I have total privacy.'
She is too modest to concur with the view that she is Britain's best-known crime writer, even
though her books — 12 major detective novels — are read avidly by millions all over the world. She
herself is a great fan of the works of close friend Ruth Bendel!. 'I particularly enjoy her psychological
works, written under the name of Barbara Vine.' Books beside her bed are most likely to be by women
writers such as Iris Murdoch, Anita Brookner and Penelope Lively, although not to the total exclusion
of male authors like Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh, whom she considers to have been the
greatest novelists of their generation.
Success came to P.D. James late in life. Now in her seventies, she was 42 when her first
crime novel, Cover Her Face, was published. Born in Oxford, the eldest of three children, Phyllis grew
up mainly in Cambridge, where her family moved when she was 11 years old. 'I met my husband
there — he was a student at the university, and I have always loved the place. That is why I chose it
as the setting for An Unsuitable Job For A Woman.'
Reluctantly, she reveals that from a promising start, life has been hard, even tragic at times.
Her Irish doctor husband, Connor Bantry White, returned from the Second World War, during which
he served with the Royal Army Medical Corps, a very sick man. 'I had to work long hours to support
him and our two young daughters, Clare and Jane. The ideas were teeming in my head, but I could
do practically nothing about it — I simply hadn't the time. My husband's parents, however, were
marvelous, and took my daughters under their wing, giving them a sense of security throughout those
difficult years.'
While working full-time in administration for the National Health Service, she made good use
of her enviable organisational skills. At one point, five psychiatric outpatients' clinics came under her
jurisdiction. Then followed 11 years at the Home Office, first in the Police Department, doing
administration for forensic science research, and then in the Criminal Law section, in the juvenile
crime division. It was while working in forensic science that she became 'quite accustomed' to the
sight of corpses. But it was not fascination with death itself that inspired her. 'It was, rather, the shape
and construction involved in the writing of a crime novel that appealed. I have always enjoyed reading
detective stories, and I always knew that I wanted to be a writer.'
'I didn't want to use the traumatic events of my own life in a work of fiction. The writing of a
detective story appealed as a wonderful apprenticeship for someone setting out to be a serious
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novelist, and it was suitably removed from my own experience. As I went on, I became increasingly
aware that one could stay within the constraints and indeed within the so-called formula of the classic
detective story and still write a good, serious and revealing novel about human beings. 'Writing
detective stories', she says, 'is a way of bringing order out of disorder. The solution of a crime
confirms the sanctity of life — even if that life is unlovable. Nobody really likes violence.'

1. What does the writer suggest about P.D. James's outward manner?
A. It is an attempt to discourage curiosity.
B. It points to a lack of self-confidence.
C. It conceals the true nature of her personality.
D. It comes as a surprise to her readers.
2. What is revealed about P.D. James's tastes in reading?
A. She prefers books with lots of action.
B. She is less keen on male than female writers.
C. She believes that men write better books than women.
D. She thinks that women writers are not given enough credit.
3. According to P.D. James, her early writing career suffered from lack of ______.
A. support
B. commitment
C. confidence
D. opportunity
4. What characterised P.D. James's work in the National Health Service?
A. It was well-suited to her talents.
B. It was not a satisfying experience.
C. It was useful for her future writing.
D. It was not sufficiently demanding.
5. What realisation did P.D. James come to while working on her detective stories?
A. It was not necessary to pay attention to established patterns.
B. The conventions did not adversely affect the quality of her writing.
C. It was inevitable that she would become emotionally involved.
D. The subject matter was more limiting than she had expected.

Your answers:
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B

Part 4: You are going to read an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from paragraph A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one
extra paragraph which you do not need to use. (7 pts)

BLIND TO CHANGE
How much of the world around you do you really see?
Imagine you're walking across a college campus when an unknown man asks you for directions.
While you're talking, two men pass between you carrying a door. After an irritating minute of
interruption you carry on describing the route. When you've finished you are informed that you've
just taken part in a psychology experiment, and asked if you noticed any changes after the two men
passed with the door. 'No,' you reply uneasily. The unknown man then explains that the man who
approached you initially walked off behind the door, leaving this man in his place. You are stunned;
the two men are dressed differently and have different voices and haircuts.
1. D
Rather than logging every detail of the visual scene we are actually highly selective about what we
take in Our impression of seeing everything is just that — an impression. In fact we extract a few
details and rely on memory, or perhaps even our imagination, for the rest.
2. F
Yet in 1991, the controversial claim was made that our brains hold only a few salient details about
the world — and that this is the reason we are able to function at all. We don't store elaborate
pictures in short-term memory, because it isn't necessary and would take up valuable computing
power.

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 3. H
Just a year later, at a conference on perception in Vancouver, it was reported that people shown
computer-generated pictures of natural scenes were blind to changes that were made during an
eye movement. In a typical laboratory demonstration of this you might be shown a picture on a
computer screen of, say, a couple dining on a terrace.
4. B
It's an unnerving experience. But to some extent, such 'change blindness' is artificial because the
change is masked in some way. In real life, there tends to be a visible movement that signals the
change. But not always. For instance, we have all had the experience of not noticing a traffic signal
change because we had briefly looked away.
5. G
For instance, an experiment was done at Harvard in which people were shown a videotape of a
basketball game and asked to count the passes made by one or other team. After about 45
seconds a man dressed in a gorilla suit walked slowly across the scene, passing between the
players. Although he was visible for five seconds, an amazing 40 per cent of the viewers failed to
notice him.
6. A
Such lapses raise important questions about vision. For instance, how can we reconcile these
gross lapses with our subjective experience of having continuous access to a rich visual scene?
One researcher has actually shown that imagining a scene activates parts of the visual cortex in the
same way as seeing it. He says that this supports the idea that we take in just what information we
consider important at the time, and till in the gaps where the details are less important. The illusion
that we see 'everything' is partly a result of filling in the gaps using memory. Such memories can be
created based on beliefs and expectations.
7. C
This particular idea has not been generally accepted. Yet most researchers in the field do agree
that of all the myriad visual details of any scene that we could record, we take only what is relevant
to us at the time. This leads us to the uncomfortable realisation that, for all our subjective
experience of a rich visual world, it may, in fact, be impossible to tell what is real and what is
imagined.
A. Now imagine that the task absorbing their attention had been driving a car, and the distraction
had been a pedestrian crossing their path. According to some estimates, nearly half of all motor-
vehicle accidents in the US can be attributed to driver error, Including momentary loss of attention. It
is more than just academic interest that has made both forms of cognitive error hot research topics.
B. The image would disappear, to be replaced for a fraction of a second by a blank screen,
before reappearing significantly altered — by the raising of a railing in the background, perhaps. Many
people search the screen for up to a minute before they see the change. A few never spot it.
C. In contrast, other researchers argue that we can get the impression of visual richness without
holding any of that richness in our heads. For instance, the 'grand illusion' theory argues that we hold
no picture of the visual world in our brains at all. Instead, we refer back to the external visual world as
different aspects become important. The illusion arises from the fact that as soon as you ask yourself
'am I seeing this or that?' you turn your attention to it and see it.
D. It sounds impossible, but when this test was carried out, a full 50 per cent of those who took
part failed to notice the substitution. The subjects had succumbed to what is called change bfindness.
Taken with a glut of recent experimental results, this phenomenon suggests we see far less than we
think we do.
E. The relationships between attention, awareness and vision have yet to be clarified. Because
we have a less than complete picture of the world at any one time, there is the potential for distortion
and error. How that complete picture could be objectively established is controversial, but there is one
obvious way forward.
F. This flies in the face of what vision researchers have long believed: that seeing really means
making pictures in the brain. According to this theory, by building detailed internal representations of
the world, and comparing them over time, we would be able to pick out anything that changed.
G. And there's a related phenomenon called inattentional blindness, that doesn't need any
experimental visual trick at all: if you are not paying attention to some feature of a scene, you won't
see it.
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H. Rather, we log what has changed and assume the rest has stayed the same. Of course, this is
bound to mean that we miss a few details. Experimenters had already shown that we may ignore
items in the visual field if they appear not to be significant — a repeated word or line on a page of text
for instance. But nobody realised quite how little we really do 'see'.

SECTION D. WRITING (20 pts)

Part 1: Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence
printed before it. Use the word given with its form unchanged. (5 pts)
1. Her survival was undeniably a miracle. . NOTHING
Her survival was nothing less than/ short of a miracle.
2. If it rains, they will hold the concert indoors. EVENT
The concert will be an indoor event if it should rain.
3. It was a great surprise to us when Anna arrived punctually yesterday. ARRIVAL
Anna took us by surprise with/ by her punctual arrival yesterday.
4. The thing I’d like most would be to see Igor again. MORE
There’s nothing I’d like more than to see Igor again.
5. As far as I’m aware, he’s telling the truth. SUPPOSE
I’ve (got) no reason/grounds to suppose (that) he’s lying.
6. The weather forecast says it will probably rain tonight. THREAT
The weather forecast says (that) there is a threat of rain for tonight.
7. John said that new developments were imminent. HORIZON
John said that there are new developments on the horizon.
8. She couldn’t suppress her panic any longer. LID
She was no longer able to keep the/ a lid on her panic.
9. To be successful in business, you must be good with numbers. HEAD
You must have a (good) head for figures to be successful in business.
10. He’s a designer who has always defied tradition. STREAM
He’s a designer who has always gone/ swum against the stream.

Part 2: Table description (5 pts)

Write a summary of the information. Select and report the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

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Part 3: Essay writing (10 pts)

Write about the following topic from 250-300 words.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Artificial Intelligence will be of great help to mankind in the future.
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- THE END -

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