Republic Of Yemen

Sana'a University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechatronics Department
Second level
General System

C,L REACTANCE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2

Y DONE BY
/ Mohamed AL-Hetari Mohamed Jamil Saeed Ahmed
A.C: 202470034
Abstract

This experiment investigates the frequency-dependent behavior of inductive reactance (100mH)

and capacitive reactance (0.1uF) in alternating current (AC) circuits. Theoretical relationships,
and, were verified by varying the frequency of an AC power supply and measuring the voltage
and current in circuits containing an inductor or capacitor. Results showed that increased
linearly with frequency, while decreased inversely, aligning with theoretical predictions. This
study highlights the fundamental role of reactive components in AC circuit analysis and design,
with applications in filters, tuning circuits, and power factor correction.

Introduction

In alternating current (AC) circuits, inductors and capacitors exhibit frequency-dependent

opposition to the flow of current, known as inductive and capacitive reactance, respectively.
Inductive reactance (100mH) arises due to the changing magnetic field in an inductor, while
capacitive reactance (0.1uF) results from the charging and discharging behavior of a capacitor.
This reactance is key in determining the impedance of AC circuits and are critical for designing
filters, oscillators, and power systems. The theoretical relationships, and, suggest that increases
proportionally with frequency, while decreases inversely. This experiment aimed to
experimentally validate these relationships by measuring reactance at various frequencies.
Understanding these relationships provides valuable insights into AC circuit behavior and aids in
designing components for frequency-selective applications.

Objective
The primary aim of this experiment was to study the relationship between frequency and:
1. Inductive Reactance (100mH), which is the opposition offered by an inductor to alternating
current.
2. Capacitive Reactance (0.1uF), which is the opposition offered by a capacitor to alternating
current.
We sought to verify the theoretical formulas for and:
1
XL = 2πFL, X C =
2 πFC
Theory
1. Inductive Reactance (100mH):
Inductive reactance increases linearly with frequency because higher frequencies induce a
stronger opposing voltage in the inductor.
2. Capacitive Reactance (0.1uF):
Capacitive reactance decreases as frequency increases because capacitors allow more charge to
flow at higher rates.

Simulation
We used Multisim Program to set up the circuits and simulate it. We used a function generator
to generate sinusoidal wave and multimeter to measure the voltage and current.
Result:
We will study the reactance in different frequencies, 50,100,200,400,800 and 1600 Hz,and in
different Vrms ,1,2,3,4 and 5

1- Capacitive Reactance:
Xc th F
31.8471
3 50
15.9235
7 100
7.96178
3 200
3.98089
2 400
1.99044
6 800
0.99522
3 1600

F=50
Vrms VP I MA Xc Average
1 1.414214 31.517 31.72891
2 2.828427 63.036 31.7279
3 4.242641 94.552 31.72857
4 5.656854 126.071 31.72815
5 7.071068 157.587 31.72851 31.72841

F=100
Vrms VP IMA Xc Average
1 1.4142136 63.035 15.8642
2 2.8284271 126.072 15.86395
3 4.2426407 189.102 15.86445
4 5.6568542 252.137 15.86439
5 7.0710678 315.169 15.8645 15.8643
 F=200
Vrms VP I MA Xc Average
1 1.4142136 126.079 7.931535
2 2.8284271 252.143 7.932007
3 4.2426407 378.213 7.932038
4 5.6568542 504.285 7.932023
5 7.0710678 630.338 7.932252 7.931971

F=400
Vrms VP I MA Xc Average
1 1.414214 252.138 3.966082
2 2.828427 504.289 3.96598
3 4.242641 756.428 3.966009
4 5.656854 1009 3.964321
5 7.071068 1261 3.965107 3.9655

F=800
Vrms V P I MA Xc Average
1 1.414214 504.273 1.983053
2 2.828427 1009 1.982161
3 4.242641 1513 1.982816
4 5.656854 2017 1.983143
5 7.071068 2521 1.98334 1.982902

F=1600
Vrms VP IMA Xc Average
1 1.414214 1009 0.99108
2 2.828427 2017 0.991572
3 4.242641 3026 0.991408
4 5.656854 4034 0.991572
5 7.071068 5043 0.991473 0.991421

F vs Xc
35

30

25
 20

15

10

5
Xc ave
31.7284 0
1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

15.8643
7.93197
1
3.9655
1.98290
2
0.99142
1

Erorr
0.37%
0.37%
0.37%
0.39%
0.38%
0.38%
 2- Inductive reactance

F XL th
1000 628.3184
2000 1256.637
3000 1884.955
4000 2513.274
5000 3141.592

F=1000
Vrms Vp I mA XL (kohm) Average
1 1.414214 1.59 0.628931
2 2.828427 3.179 0.629129
3 4.242641 4.769 0.629063
4 5.656854 6.358 0.629129
5 7.071068 7.948 0.629089 0.629068

F=2000
Vrms Vp I mA XL (kohm Average
1 1.414214 0.7932 1.260716
2 2.828427 1.586 1.261034
3 4.242641 2.38 1.260504
4 5.656854 3.173 1.260637
5 7.071068 3.966 1.260716 1.260721

F=3000
Vrms Vp I mA XL Average
1 1.414214 0.5288 1.891074
2 2.828427 1.058 1.890359
3 4.242641 1.586 1.891551
4 5.656854 2.115 1.891253
5 7.071068 2.644 1.891074 1.891062
 F=4000
Vrms Vp I mA XL Average
1 1.414214 0.3966 2.521432
2 2.828427 0.79321 2.5214
3 4.242641 1.19 2.521008
4 5.656854 1.586 2.522068
5 7.071068 1.983 2.521432 2.521468

F=5000
Vrm
s Vp I mA XL Average
1 1.414214 0.317282 3.15177
2 2.828427 0.63456 3.15179
3 4.242641 0.95184 3.15179
4 5.656854 1.269 3.152088
5 7.071068 1.586 3.152585 3.152005

XL aver F&XL
629.068 3500
1260.721
1891.062 3000
2521.468
2500
3152.005
629.068 2000

1500
Error
1000
0.12%
0.33%
500
0.32%
0.33% 0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
0.33%
0.12%
Conclusion:
The experiment successfully demonstrated the frequency-dependent behavior of inductive
and capacitive reactance in AC circuits, validating the theoretical relationships and. It was
observed that inductive reactance increases linearly with frequency, while capacitive
reactance decreases inversely, with experimental results closely aligning with theoretical
predictions. Minor deviations were attributed to practical factors such as measurement
inaccuracies and parasitic effects. These findings emphasize the critical role of reactive
components in controlling current flow and impedance in AC circuits, with applications in
designing frequency-selective devices such as filters, oscillators, and power correction
systems.