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EE Mid 3

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13 views19 pages

EE Mid 3

jhvvhjhnvnhv

Uploaded by

mostafijurfij168
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 3

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL


ETHICS

❑The engineer’s social responsibility of


engineering projects embraces the
following:

❑ Obligation to safety and health and respect for right of


informed consent.
❑ Assess impacts, mitigate adverse impacts and monitor
them.
❑ Moral competence.
❑ Accountability.
❑ Display due attributes of professionalism.
ENVIRONMENT AND MORAL
FRAMEWORK
❑Human Centered Ethics

❑Sentient-Centered Ethics

Nature
❑Biocentric Ethics Centered
Ethics
❑Eco-centric Ethics

❑Religious Prospective
HUMAN CENTERED ETHICS
❑ Human Centered Ethics
❑ Rights Ethics: Rights ethics says we ought to respect human
rights;

❑ Duty Ethics: Duty ethics says we ought to respect individuals’


rational autonomy.

❑ Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism says that we ought to maximize


the overall good, taking into equal account all those affected by
our actions.

❑ Virtue Ethics: Virtue ethics says that good character is central


to morality.

❑ Self-Realization Ethics: Self-realization ethics emphasizes the


moral significance of self-fulfillment.
NATURE CENTERED ETHICS

❑Sentient-Centered Ethics
❑Recognizes all sentient animals as having inherent worth;
Sentient animals: Those that feel pain and pleasure and have
desires.

❑Biocentric Ethics
❑Life-centered ethics regards all living organisms as having
inherent worth

❑Eco-centric Ethics
❑Locates inherent value in ecological systems (rather than
individual organisms)
CODES OF ETHICS AND
“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”
❑ ASCE, 1997:
❑ Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of
the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of
sustainable development in the performance of their professional
duties.
❑ IEEE:
❑ To accept responsibility in making engineering decisions
consistent with the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to
disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment.
❑ NSPE:
❑ To accept responsibility in making engineering decisions
consistent with the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to
disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the
environment.
SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable development = development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
(From United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, 1987)
ENGINEERS: SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
❑Historically, engineers were not as responsible
concerning the environment as they should have
been. They simply reflected attitudes predominant in
society.
❑Individual engineers differ considerably in their views,
including their broader holistic views about the
environment (e.g., politics affect)
❑All engineers should reflect seriously on
environmental values and how they can best integrate
them into understanding and solving problems
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Corporate social responsibility goals


include the following.

• Pay attention to sustainability triple


bottom line: economic, social and
environment.
• Demonstrate integrity and
transparency.
• Involve with community to
enhance social welfare and support.
• Engage with and respect the
stakeholders.
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
❑ The considerations of
sustainable development
are primarily on the
environmental and natural
resource issues.
❑ The social impact
assessment is an integral
element in the
environmental impact
assessment.
❑ The traditional ‘hard’
social sustainability factors
such as employment and
poverty alleviation are
increasingly being
complemented or replaced
by ‘soft’ and less
measurable concepts such
as happiness, well being and
sense of place.
ENGINEERING,
❑Today, a wide consensusECOLOGY,
that we needAND
concerted
ECONOMICS
responses to ecological concerns that combine
economic realism with ecological awareness

❑Engineers play a key role in that consensus


❑Develop technical details on environmental impact,
encourage corporations to be concerned about the
environment
❑Help set policy, help follow laws
❑Help make it economically feasible
❑ NewENGINEERING WITHIN
applications of technology and engineering must
comeECOLOGICAL
to terms with the CONSTRAINTS
social and ethical values of the
society in which they are to be made.
❑ Engineering must be applied in such a way that innovations
make proper contributions to the greater community at
large.
❑ The development of sound engineering practices can help
conserve and restore the environment through a proper
balance between engineering principles and environmental
considerations.
❑ Ecological engineering uses ecology and engineering to
predict, design, construct or restore, and manage
ecosystems that integrate "human society” with its
“natural environment” for the benefit of both.
ECOLOGY
❑ An ecosystem VS ECONOMY
is governed by the laws of growth and
decay. These laws operate simultaneously, tending to move
the system towards a state of balance or equilibrium.
❑ Economy, in general means disharmony with nature. Use is
made of nature both directly and indirectly to transform
raw-materials into final goods. During this production-
process nature is polluted by emission and wastes.
❑ Hence the conflict arises due to sustainability of ecological
system and business profitability of economic growth and
expansion of world market.
❑ An ecological approach to engineering must consider that
nature responds systematically, continuously, and
cumulatively.
ECOLOGY VS ECONOMY
ENVIRONMENT LEADERSHIP
Leaders who can make the
socioeconomic system more
harmonious with the environment
through environmentally-friendly
products, services, businesses,
technologies, and policies
GOVERNMENT
❑ The Sustainable INITIATIVES:
Development SDG
Goals (SDGs), also known
as the Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations
Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people
enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.
❑ The 17 SDGs are integrated—that is, they recognize that
action in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that
development must balance social, economic and
environmental sustainability.
❑ Through the pledge to Leave No One Behind, countries
have committed to fast-track progress for those furthest
behind first. That is why the SDGs are designed to bring
the world to several life-changing ‘zeros’.
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES: SDG
1. Eliminate Poverty

2. Erase Hunger

3. Establish Good Health and Well-Being

4. Provide Quality Education

5. Enforce Gender Equality

6. Improve Clean Water and Sanitation

7. Grow Affordable and Clean Energy

8. Create Decent Work and Economic Growth

9. Increase Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

10. Reduce Inequality

11. Mobilize Sustainable Cities and Communities

12. Influence Responsible Consumption and


Production

13. Organize Climate Action

14. Develop Life Below Water

15. Advance Life On Land

16. Guarantee Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

17. Build Partnerships for the Goals

https://www.sdg.gov.bd/#1
CASE
❑ Student: “I wasSTUDIES
working for a company that adjusted the
level of waste dumped into a river according to the level
of the river. In other words, they would dump excess (well
over EPA regulations) amounts of waste into the river
after periods of excess rain or would wait until the river
rose so that they could dump more waste again.” What
should the engineer do?
❑ Student: “I used to work for a civil engineer modeling a
sewer system. We collected observations from survey
crews. One day a photo came in of a company actively
dumping industrial waste chemicals (paint) into a sewer. A
note was attached, reporting that this is illegal. No one did
anything about it.” What should the engineer do?
COVID-19 CAUSE AND EFFECT

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