SL 2.

3 Graphing [663 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.3
A function f is defined by f (x) = 1 −
1

x−2
, where x ,
∈ R x ≠ 2 .

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal

asymptote.

Write down the equation of

(a.i) the vertical asymptote; [1]

Markscheme

x = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 1 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the coordinates of the point where the graph of y = f (x)

intersects

(b.i) the y-axis; [1]

Markscheme

(0,
3
2
) A1
 [1 mark]

(b.ii) the x-axis. [1]

Markscheme

(3, 0) A1

[1 mark]

(c) On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y , showing all
= f (x)

the features found in parts (a) and (b).

[1]

Markscheme
two correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and intercepts clearly
shown A1

[1 mark]
2. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.2
A function f is defined by f (x) = 1 −
1

x−2
, where x ,
∈ R x ≠ 2 .

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal

asymptote.

Write down the equation of

(a.ii) the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 1 A1

[1 mark]

(a.i) the vertical asymptote; [1]

Markscheme

x = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(b) Find the coordinates of the point where the graph of y = f (x)

intersects

(b.i) the y-axis; [1]

Markscheme

(0,
3
2
) A1
 [1 mark]

(b.ii) the x-axis. [1]

Markscheme

(3, 0) A1

[1 mark]

(c) On the following set of axes, sketch the graph of y , showing all
= f (x)

the features found in parts (a) and (b).

[1]

Markscheme
two correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and intercepts clearly
shown A1

[1 mark]
3. [Maximum mark: 5] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.3
The functions f and g are defined by f (x) = 2x − x
3
and g(x) .
= tan x

(a) Find (f ∘ g)(x) . [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute g into f (M1)

(f ∘ g)(x) = 2 tan x − tan

3
x A1

[2 marks]

(b) On the following grid, sketch the graph of y = (f ∘ g)(x) for

−1 ≤ x ≤ 1. Write down and clearly label the coordinates of any local

maximum or minimum points.

[3]

Markscheme
 A1A1A1

Note: A1 for approximately correct odd function passing through the origin with
a maximum above y = 1 and a minimum below y = −1.

A1 for endpoints at x = ±1 and y in the intervals [0. 6, 0. 8] and [−0. 8, −0. 6]

A1 for maximum in approximately correct position and labelled (0. 685, 1. 09) AND
minimum in approximately correct position and labelled (−0. 685, −1. 09). For
approximate position, allow −0. 8 ≤ x ≤ −0. 6, − 1. 2 ≤ y ≤ −1 for minimum
and 0. 6 ≤ x ≤ 0. 8, 1 ≤ y ≤ 1. 2 for maximum. If the candidate gives the
coordinates of extrema below their sketch, only award this mark if extrema are
marked in the correct interval (eg by a dot).

[3 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 25] 23M.3.AHL.TZ1.1
In this question, you will be investigating the family of functions of the form
f (x) = x e
n
. −x

Consider the family of functions f n (x) = x

n
e
−x
, where x ≥ 0 and n ∈ Z
+
.

When n = 1 , the function f 1 (x) = xe

−x
, where x ≥ 0 .

(a) Sketch the graph of y , stating the coordinates of the local

= f 1 (x)

maximum point. [4]

Markscheme

A1 for (1, 0. 368) or (1, ) labelled at local maximum (accept correct coordinates
1

written away from the graph)

A1 for graph clearly starting at, or passing through, the origin

A1 for correct domain

A1 for correct shape i.e.: single maximum, and asymptotic behaviour (equation not
required) (or point of inflexion)

[4 marks]
(b) Show that the area of the region bounded by the graph y , the
= f 1 (x)
b

x -axis and the line x = b , where b > 0 is given by e −b−1

eb
. [6]

Markscheme

b
∫
0
xe
−x
dx (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct integrand and limits (which can be seen later in the
question)

Use of integration by parts

b
A1A1
−x b −x
= [−xe ] + ∫ e dx
0 0

Note: Award A1 for each part (including the correct sign with each)

b b
= [−xe
−x
]
0
− [−e
−x
]
0
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct second term. Condone absence of limits to this point

attempt to substitute limits M1

= −be
−b
− e
−b
+ 1 A1
b

=
e −b−1

eb
AG

[6 marks]
You may assume that the total area, A , of the region between the graph y
n = f n (x) and
the x-axis can be written as A and is given by .
∞ b
n = ∫ f n (x)dx lim ∫ f n (x) d x
0 0
b→∞

(c.i)
b

Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find lim

e −b−1

e
b
. You may assume that the
b→∞

condition for applying l’Hôpital’s rule has been met. [2]

Markscheme

b b

lim
e −b−1

e
b
= lim
e −1

e
b
A1
b→∞ b→∞

Note: Award A1 for correct quotient. Condone absence of limit.

(= lim
e

e
b
) = 1 A1
b→∞

[2 marks]

(c.ii) Hence write down the value of A . 1 [1]

Markscheme

∞
(∫
0
xe
−x
dx =)1 A1

[1 mark]

You are given that A 2 = 2 and A 3 = 6 .

(d) Use your graphic display calculator, and an appropriate value for the
upper limit, to determine the value of

(d.i) A4 ; [2]
 Markscheme

correct integral (M1)

Note: Award M1 for correct integrand with limits from 0 to a larger number.

24 A1

[2 marks]

(d.ii) A5 . [1]

Markscheme

120 A1

Note: The M1 can be awarded if either part (d)(i) or part (d)(ii) is correct.

[1 mark]

(e) Suggest an expression for A in terms of n, where n

n ∈ Z
+
. [1]

Markscheme

A n = n! A1

[1 mark]
(f ) Use mathematical induction to prove your conjecture from part (e). You
may assume that, for any value of m, lim x e = 0. m −x
[8]
b→∞

Markscheme

Note: Accept starting at n = 0 , throughout this proof.

n = 1

A1 = 1 and 1! = 1 M1A1

Note: Award M1 for considering the case where n = 1 , and A1 if it is clear that both
A = 1 and 1! = 1 have been considered.
1

so true for n = 1

assume true for n , (A ) M1

∞ k −x
= k k = ∫ x e dx = k!
0

Note: Award M0 for statements such as “let n = k ”.

Note: Subsequent marks after this M1 are independent of this mark and can be
awarded.

when n = k + 1

attempt to integrate by parts M1

Note: To obtain the M1, a minimum of an expression +/- an integral must be seen.

∞
A1
∞ k+1 −x k+1 −x ∞ k −x
∫ x e dx = [−x e ] + (k + 1) ∫ x e dx
0 0 0
 simplified to (k + 1)k! seen A1
∞ k −x
(k + 1) ∫ x e dx
0

= 0(k + 1)k!

Note: Condone omission of the zero.

= (k + 1)! A1

Hence if true for n = k then also true for n = k + 1 . As true for n = 1 so true for
n ∈ Z . R1
+

Note: Award the final R1 mark provided at least four of the previous marks are
gained.

[8 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 24] 23M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question asks you to examine the number and nature of intersection points of
the graph of y = log x where a ∈ R , a ≠ 1 and the line y = x for particular sets of
a
+

values of a.

In this question you may either use the change of logarithm base formula log a
x =
ln x

ln a

or a graphic display calculator “logarithm to any base feature”.

The function f is defined by

f (x) = log a x where x ∈ R

+
and a ∈ R
+
,a ≠ 1 .

(a) Consider the cases a = 2 and a = 10 . On the same set of axes, sketch
the following three graphs:

y = log 2 x

y = log 10 x

y = x .

Clearly label each graph with its equation and state the value of any
non-zero x-axis intercepts. [4]

Markscheme
 clearly labelled graphs of y = log x and y = 2
log 10 x with correct domain,
asymptotic behaviour and concavity evident A1

correct relative positions of the two log graphs both above and below the x-axis
A1

(1, 0) indicated (coordinates not required) A1

correct graph of y = x A1

[4 marks]

In parts (b) and (c), consider the case where a = e . Note that ln x .
≡ log e x

(b) Use calculus to find the minimum value of the expression x − ln x,

justifying that this value is a minimum. [5]

Markscheme

d
(x − ln x)
dx

= 1 −
1

x
A1

attempts to solve their for x (M1)

dy
= 0
dx

1
1 − = 0 ⇒ x = 1
x

(when x = 1 ,) x − ln x = 1 A1

EITHER

d 1
(1 − )
dx x

=
1

x
2
A1

x2
> 0 (when x = 1 ) R1

hence x − ln x has a minimum value of 1

 Note: Award R1 for either ‘1 > 0’ or a graph of y = > 0 or ‘the graph of
x
1
2

y = x − ln x is concave-up’. Do not award R1 if the second derivative is incorrect.

OR

for (0 <)x < 1 1 − , 1

x
< 0 R1

for x ,
> 1 1 −
1

x
> 0 R1

hence x − ln x has a minimum value of 1

Note: Award R1R1 for either a clearly labelled sign diagram/table (accept correct
numerical values) or the graph of y = 1 −
1

x
with sign change in gradient
indicated.

Note: Award a maximum of A0(M1)A1A0R1 or A0(M1)A1R0R1 if no symbolic derivatives

are seen.

[5 marks]

(c) Hence deduce that x > ln x . [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

(
x − ln x ≥ 1 x ∈ R
+
) R1

OR

(
x − ln x > 0 x ∈ R
+
) R1

THEN

so x > ln x AG
 [1 mark]

(d) There exist values of a for which the graph of y = log x and the line a

y = x do have intersection points. The following table gives three

intervals for the value of a.

Interval Number of intersection points

0 < a < 1 p

1 < a < 1. 4 q

1. 5 < a < 2 r

By investigating the graph of y = log a x for different values of a, write

down the values of p, q and r. [4]

Markscheme

Interval Number of intersection points

0 < a < 1 p = 1

1 < a < 1. 4 q = 2

1. 5 < a < 2 r = 0

A1A2A1

Note: Award A1 for p = 1 , A2 for q = 2 and A1 for r = 0 .

[4 marks]

In parts (e) and (f ), consider a ∈ R

+
,a ≠ 1 .

For 1. 4 ≤ a ≤ 1. 5, a value of a exists such that the line y = x is a tangent to the graph
of y = log x at a point P.
a
(e) Find the exact coordinates of P and the exact value of a. [8]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

EITHER

y = log a x

(A1)
dy 1
=
dx x ln a

attempts to solve 1

x ln a
= 1 for x (M1)

OR

y = x − log a x

(A1)
dy 1
= 1 −
dx x ln a

attempts to solve 1 − 1

x ln a
= 0 for x (M1)

THEN

x =
1

ln a
OR x ln a = 1 OR ln a =
1

x
OR ln a
x
= 1 OR 1

a x ln a
= 1 A1

at x =
1

ln a
, log a
x = x

x
1

attempts to solve ln x

ln a
=
1

ln a
OR ln x = 1 OR (e x
) = x for x (M1)

x = e

coordinates of P are (e, e) (accept x ,

= e y = e ) A1A1

attempts to solve 1

ln a
= e OR log a e = e for a analytically (M1)

ln a =
1

e
OR a
e
= e

a = e e A1
METHOD 2

EITHER

y = log a x

(A1)
dy 1
=
dx x ln a

attempts to solve 1

x ln a
= 1 for x (M1)

OR

y = x − log a x

(A1)
dy 1
= 1 −
dx x ln a

attempts to solve 1 − 1

x ln a
= 0 for x (M1)

THEN

x =
ln a
1
OR x ln a = 1 OR ln a =
1

x
OR ln a
x
= 1 OR 1

a x ln a
= 1 A1

at x =
1

ln a
, log a
x = x

attempts to solve log a

(
1

ln a
) =
ln a
1
for a (M1)

EITHER
1
ln a( ) 1 1
ln a
= ⇒ ln( ) = 1
ln a ln a ln a

OR
1 1

for example, writes a log a (

ln a
)
= a ln a and then attempts to apply appropriate
log a a
index/log laws to both sides: ln a =
log a e
and so ln a
1
= log a e
 1
log a e
a ln a = a = e

THEN

attempts to solve 1

ln a
= e OR log a e = e for a analytically (M1)

ln a =
1

e
OR a
e
= e

a = e e
A1

1 1
x = 1
= 1
ln e e
e

coordinates of P are (e, e) (accept x ,

= e y = e ) A1A1

METHOD 3

y = log a x

(A1)
dy 1
=
dx x ln a

(equation of the tangent at (x 1, y1 ) is) y =

1

x 1 ln a
(x − x 1 ) +
ln x 1

ln a
(or
equivalent) A1

compares this equation with y = x and attempts to form at least one of the
following M1

OR
1 ln x 1 −1
= 1 = 0
x 1 ln a ln a

attempts to solve OR for x (M1)

1 ln x 1 −1
= 1 = 0 1
x 1 ln a ln a

x1 = e

coordinates of P are (e, e) (accept x ,

= e y = e ) A1A1

attempts to solve 1

e ln a
= 1 (or equivalent) for a analytically (M1)

ln a =
1

e
OR a
e
= e
 1

a = e e
A1

[8 marks]

(f ) Write down the exact set of values for a such that the graphs of
y = log x and y = x have
a

(f.i) two intersection points; [1]

Markscheme

1 < a < e e A1

NOTE: Award A0 for a < e e

[1 mark]

(f.ii) no intersection points. [1]

Markscheme

a > e e
A1

Note: Only award FT for 1. 4 < a < 1. 5. If the value of a is not exact, e.g. 1. 44,
award at most A0A1 in part (f ) for a consistent approximate endpoint value.

If a value of a is not found in part (e), award at most A0A1 in part (f ) for a consistent
approximate endpoint value provided that 1. 4 < a < 1. 5.

[1 mark]
6. [Maximum mark: 15] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.9
The function f is defined by f (x) = cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) Find the roots of the equation f (x) = 0 . [5]

Markscheme

2 2
cos x − 3 sin x = 0

valid attempt to reduce equation to one involving one trigonometric function

(M1)
2
sin

cos
2
x

x
=
1

3
OR 1 − sin
2
x − 3 sin
2
x = 0 OR cos
2
x − 3(1 − cos
2
x) = 0

OR cos 2x − 1 + cos 2x = 0

correct equation (A1)

tan
2
x =
1

3
OR cos
2
x =
3

4
OR sin
2
x =
1

4
OR cos 2x =
1

π π
OR OR OR
1 √3 1 5
tan x = ± cos x = ± sin x = (±) 2x = (, )
√3 2 2 3 3

(A1)

π π
A1A1
5
x = , x =
6 6

Note: Award M1A1A0A1A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give
π
only x =
6
.
Award M1A1A0A0A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only
x = 30°.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both answers in degrees.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both correct answers in radians, but who
include additional solutions outside the domain.

Award a maximum of M1A0A0A1A1 for correct answers with no working.

[5 marks]
(b.i) Find f ′(x). [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use the chain rule (may be evidenced by at least one cos x sin x term)
(M1)

f ′(x) = −2 cos x sin x − 6 sin x cos x(= −8 sin x cos x = −4 sin 2x)

A1

[2 marks]

(b.ii) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the graph of y = f (x)

where f ′(x) = 0. [5]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve their f ′(x) = 0 (M1)

At least 2 correct x-coordinates (may be seen in coordinates) (A1)

π
x = 0, x =
2
, x = π

Note: Accept additional correct solutions outside the domain.

Award A0 if any additional incorrect solutions are given.

correct coordinates (may be seen in graph for part (c)) A1A1A1

π
(0, 1), π, 1),
( (
2
, − 3)

Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A1A1A0 if any additional solutions are given.

Note: If candidates do not find at least two correct x-coordinates, it is possible to

award the appropriate final marks for their correct coordinates, such as
M1A0A0A1A0.
 [5 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph ofy = f (x), clearly showing the coordinates of any
points where f ′(x) = 0 and any points where the graph meets the
coordinate axes. [3]

Markscheme

Note: In this question do not award follow through from incorrect values found in
earlier parts.

π
approximately correct smooth curve with minimum at ( 2
, − 3) A1

Note: If candidates do not gain this mark then award no further marks.
 π π
endpoints at (0, 1) , (π, 1), x-intercepts at A1
5
,
6 6

correct concavity clearly shown at (0, 1) and (π, 1) A1

Note: The final two marks may be awarded independently of each other.

[3 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 16] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.11
Consider a three-digit code abc, where each of a, b and c is assigned one of the values 1,
2, 3, 4 or 5.

Find the total number of possible codes

(a.i) assuming that each value can be repeated (for example, 121 or 444). [2]

Markscheme

5
3
(A1)

= 125 A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) assuming that no value is repeated. [2]

Markscheme

5
P
3
= 5 × 4 × 3 (A1)

= 60 A1

[2 marks]

Let P (x) = x + ax + bx + c, where each of a, b and c is assigned one of the values 1

3 2

, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Assume that no value is repeated.

Consider the case where P (x) has a factor of (x 2

+ 3x + 2) .

(b.i) Find an expression for b in terms of a. [6]

Markscheme
METHOD 1

x
2
+ 3x + 2 = (x + 1)(x + 2) (A1)

correct use of factor theorem for at least one of their factors (M1)

P (−1) = 0 or P (−2) = 0

attempt to find two equations in a, b and c (M1)

3 2
(−1) + a(−1) + b(−1) + c = 0(⇒ −1 + a − b + c = 0)

3 2
(−2) + a(−2) + b(−2) + c = 0

−8 + 4a − 2b + c = 0 and −1 + a − b + c = 0 A1

attempt to combine their two equations in −8 + 4a − 2b + c = 0 to eliminate c

(M1)

b = 3a − 7 A1

Note: Award at most A1M1M1A0M1A0 for b = −3a − 7 from P (1) = P (2) = 0

METHOD 2

P (x) = x
3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c = (x
2
+ 3x + 2)(x + d) (M1)

= x
3
+ (3 + d)x
2
+ (2 + 3d)x + 2d (A1)

attempt to compare coefficients of x and x 2

(M1)

a = 3 + d and b = 2 + 3d A1

attempt to eliminate d (M1)

⇒ b = 3a − 7 A1

METHOD 3

attempt to divide x 3
+ ax
2
+ bx + c by x 2
+ 3x + 2 M1
 3 2 (−3a+b+7)x+(c−2a+6)
x +ax +bx+c
2
x +3x+2
= (x + a − 3) + 2
x +3x+2
A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for x + a − 3, A1 for (−3a + b + 7)x and A1 for c − 2a + 6

recognition that, if (x 2
+ 3x + 2) is a factor of P (x), then −3a + b + 7 = 0

(M1)

leading to b = 3a − 7 A1

METHOD 4

x
2
+ 3x + 2 = (x + 1)(x + 2) (A1)

attempt to use Vieta’s formulae for a cubic with roots −1, − 2 and "p" (M1)

(−1) + (−2) + p = −a(⇒ p = 3 − a) A1

(−1)(−2) + (−1)p + (−2)p = b A1

Attempt to eliminate "p" (M1)

2 − (3 − a) − 2(3 − a) = b

b = 3a − 7 A1

Note: Award at most A1M1A0A0M1A0 for b = −3a − 7 from roots 1, 2 and "p"

[6 marks]

(b.ii) Hence show that the only way to assign the values is a = 4, b = 5 and
c = 2. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1
 a = 1, 2, 5 lead to invalid values for b R1

a = 3, b = 2 ⇒ c = 0 so not possible R1

so a = 4, b = 5, c = 2 is the only solution AG

METHOD 2

c = 2a − 6 R1

correctly argues a = 4 is the only possibility R1

so a = 4, b = 5, c = 2 is the only solution AG

[2 marks]

(b.iii) Express P (x) as a product of linear factors. [1]

Markscheme

3 2 2
x + 4x + 5x + 2 = (x + 3x + 2)(x + 1)

= (x + 2)(x + 1)(x + 1) A1

[1 mark]

(b.iv) Hence or otherwise, sketch the graph of y = P (x), clearly showing

the coordinates of any intercepts with the axes. [3]

Markscheme
positive cubic shape with y-intercept at (0, 2) A1

x-intercept at (−2, 0) and local maximum point anywhere between x = −2 and

x = −1 A1

local minimum point at (−1, 0) A1

Note: Accept answers from an approach based on calculus.

[3 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 14] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.7
A function, f , has its derivative given by f ′(x) = 3x
2
, where p
− 12x + p ∈ R. The

following diagram shows part of the graph of f ′.

The graph of f ′ has an axis of symmetry x = q .

(a) Find the value of q. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to use x = −
b

2a
(M1)

−12
q = −
2×3

OR

attempt to complete the square (M1)

2
3(x − 2) − 12 + p

OR

attempt to differentiate and equate to 0 (M1)

f ′′(x) = 6x − 12 = 0
 THEN

q = 2 A1

[2 marks]

The vertex of the graph of f ′ lies on the x-axis.

(b.i) Write down the value of the discriminant of f ′. [1]

Markscheme

discriminant = 0 A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Hence or otherwise, find the value of p. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to substitute into b 2

− 4ac (M1)

A1
2
(−12) − 4 × 3 × p = 0

OR

f ′(2) = 0 (M1)

−12 + p = 0 A1

THEN
 p = 12 A1

[3 marks]

(c) Find the value of the gradient of the graph of f ′ at x = 0 . [3]

Markscheme

f ′′(x) = 6x − 12 A1

attempt to find f ′′(0) (M1)

= 6 × 0 − 12

gradient = −12 A1

[3 marks]

(d) Sketch the graph of f ′′, the second derivative of f . Indicate clearly the x
-intercept and the y-intercept. [2]

Markscheme

A1A1

Note: Award A1 for line with positive gradient, A1 for correct intercepts.
 [2 marks]

The graph of f has a point of inflexion at x = a .

(e.i) Write down the value of a. [1]

Markscheme

a = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(e.ii) Find the values of x for which the graph of f is concave-down. Justify
your answer. [2]

Markscheme

x < 2 A1

f ′′(x) < 0 (for x < 2 ) OR the f ′′ is below the x-axis (for x < 2 )

OR f ′′ (sign diagram must be labelled f ′′) R1

[2 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 6] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.4
A function f is defined by f (x) =
2x−1

x+1
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1 .

The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

(a.i) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

x = −1 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(b) On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y .

= f (x)

On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any
points of intersection with the axes.
 [3]

Markscheme
 rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with two correctly
positioned asymptotes and asymptotic behaviour shown A1

Note: The equations of the asymptotes are not required on the graph
provided there is a clear indication of asymptotic behaviour at x = −1 and y = 2

(or at their FT asymptotes from part (a)).

axes intercepts clearly shown at x =

1

2
and y = −1 A1A1

[3 marks]

(c) Hence, solve the inequality 0 <

2x−1

x+1
< 2 . [1]

Markscheme

x >
1

2
A1

Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 1

2
, ∞) and ] 1

2
, ∞[ .

[1 mark]
10. [Maximum mark: 20] 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.11
A function f is defined by f (x) = 2
x −2x−3
1
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1, x ≠ 3 .

(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their
equations. State the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum
points and any points of intersection with the coordinate axes. [6]

Markscheme

y -intercept (0, − 1

3
) A1

Note: Accept an indication of − 1

3
on the y-axis.

vertical asymptotes x = −1 and x = 3 A1

horizontal asymptote y = 0 A1

uses a valid method to find the x-coordinate of the local maximum point (M1)
 Note: For example, uses the axis of symmetry or attempts to solve f ′(x) = 0 .

local maximum point (1, − 1

4
) A1

Note: Award (M1)A0 for a local maximum point at x = 1 and coordinates not given.

three correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and the key features
in approximately correct relative positions to each other A1

[6 marks]

A function g is defined by g(x) = 2

x −2x−3
1
, where x ∈ R, x > 3 .

The inverse of g is g −1
.

(b.i) Show that g −1

(x) = 1 +
√ 4x 2 +x
. [6]
x

Markscheme

x =
1

y 2 −2y−3
M1

Note: Award M1 for interchanging x and y (this can be done at a later stage).

EITHER

attempts to complete the square M1

A1
2 2
y − 2y − 3 = (y − 1) − 4

1
x = 2
(y−1) −4
 A1
2 1 2 1
(y − 1) − 4 = ((y − 1) = 4 + )
x x

1 4x+1
y − 1 = ±√ 4 + (= ±√ )
x x

OR

attempts to solve xy 2
− 2xy − 3x − 1 = 0 for y M1

2
−(−2x)±√ (−2x) +4x(3x+1)
y =
2x
A1

Note: Award A1 even if − (in ±) is missing

=
2x±√ 16x 2 +4x

2x
A1

THEN

A1
√ 4x 2 +x
= 1 ±
x

and hence y is rejected R1

√ 4x 2 +x
y > 3 = 1 −
x

Note: Award R1 for concluding that the expression for y must have the ‘+’ sign.
The R1 may be awarded earlier for using the condition x > 3.

√ 4x 2 +x
y = 1 +
x

AG
−1 √ 4x 2 +x
g (x) = 1 +
x

[6 marks]
(b.ii) State the domain of g −1
. [1]

Markscheme

domain of g −1
is x > 0 A1

[1 mark]

A function h is defined by h(x) = arctan

x

2
, where x ∈ R.

π
(c) Given that (h ∘ g)(a) = , find the value of a.
4

Give your answer in the form p + , where p, . [7]

q +
√r q, r ∈ Z
2

Markscheme

attempts to find (h ∘ g)(a) (M1)

(A1)
g(a) 1
(h ∘ g)(a) = arctan( ) ((h ∘ g)(a) = arctan( ))
2 2(a 2 −2a−3)

g(a) π 1 π
arctan( )= (arctan( 2 )= )
2 4 2(a −2a−3) 4

attempts to solve for g(a) M1

1
⇒ g(a) = 2 ( 2
= 2)
(a −2a−3)

EITHER

⇒ a = g
−1
(2) A1

attempts to find their g −1

(2) M1

2
√ 4(2) +2

a = 1 +
2
A1
Note: Award all available marks to this stage if x is used instead of a.

OR

⇒ 2a
2
− 4a − 7 = 0 A1

attempts to solve their quadratic equation M1

2
−(−4)±√ (−4) +4(2)(7)
a =
4
(=
4±√ 72

4
) A1

Note: Award all available marks to this stage if x is used instead of a.

THEN

a = 1 +
3
2
√2 (as a > 3 ) A1

(p = 1, q = 3, r = 2)

Note: Award A1 for a = 1 +

1

2
√ 18 (p = 1, q = 1, r = 18)

[7 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 8] 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.3
A function f is defined by f (x) =
2x−1

x+1
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1 .

The graph of y = f (x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

(a.i) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

x = −1 A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1]

Markscheme

y = 2 A1

[1 mark]

(b) On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y .

= f (x)

On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any
points of intersection with the axes.
 [3]

Markscheme
 rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with two correctly
positioned asymptotes and asymptotic behaviour shown A1

axes intercepts clearly shown at x =

1

2
and y = −1 A1A1

[3 marks]

(c) Hence, solve the inequality 0 <

2x−1

x+1
< 2 . [1]

Markscheme

x >
1

2
A1

Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 1

2
, ∞) and ] 1

2
, ∞[ .

[1 mark]

(d) Solve the inequality 0 <

2|x|−1
< 2 . [2]
|x|+1

Markscheme

EITHER

2|x|−1
attempts to sketch y =
|x|+1
(M1)

OR

attempts to solve 2|x| − 1 = 0 (M1)

Note: Award the (M1) if x =

1

2
and x = −
1

2
are identified.
THEN

x < −
1

2
or x >
1

2
A1

Note: Accept the use of a comma. Condone the use of ‘and’. Accept
correct alternative notation.

[2 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 20] 22M.2.AHL.TZ1.10
Consider the function f (x) 2
= √x − 1 , where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 .

(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x) , clearly indicating the coordinates of the
endpoints. [2]

Markscheme

correct shape (concave down) within the given domain 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 A1

(1, 0) and (2, √3)(= (2, 1. 73)) A1

Note: The coordinates of endpoints may be seen on the graph or marked on

the axes.

[2 marks]

(b.i) Show that the inverse function of f is given by f −1 2

(x) = √ x + 1 . [3]

Markscheme
 interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) M1

2
x = √y − 1

x
2
= y
2
− 1 A1

2
y = √x + 1 A1

f
−1 2
(x) = √ x + 1 AG

[3 marks]

(b.ii) State the domain and range of f −1

. [2]

Markscheme

0 ≤ x ≤ √3 OR domain [0, √3](= [0, 1. 73]) A1

1 ≤ y ≤ 2 OR 1 ≤ f
−1
(x) ≤ 2 OR range [1, 2] A1

[2 marks]

The curve y = f (x) is rotated 2π about the y-axis to form a solid of revolution that is
used to model a water container.

(c.i) Show that the volume, V m

3
, of water in the container when it is filled to
a height of h metres is given by V = π(
1

3
h
3
+ h) . [3]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute x 2
= √y + 1 into the correct volume formula (M1)

h 2 h

V = π ∫ (√ y
2
+ 1) d y (= π ∫ (y
2
+ 1) d y) A1
0 0
 h
= π[
1

3
y
3
+ y]
0
A1

= π(
1

3
h
3
+ h) AG

Note: Award marks as appropriate for correct work using a different variable e.g.
h 2
2
π ∫ (√ x + 1) d x
0

[3 marks]

(c.ii) Hence, determine the maximum volume of the container. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute h = √ 3 (= 1. 732 …) into V (M1)

V = 10. 8828 …

V = 10. 9 (m ) (= 2√ 3
3
π) (m 3
) A1

[2 marks]

At t = 0 , the container is empty. Water is then added to the container at a constant rate of
0. 4 m
3
s
−1
.

(d) Find the time it takes to fill the container to its maximum volume. [2]

Markscheme

2√ 3 π
time = 10.8828…

0.4
(=
0.4
) (M1)

= 27. 207 …

= 27. 2(= 5√ 3 π)(s) A1

 [2 marks]

(e) Find the rate of change of the height of the water when the container is
filled to half its maximum volume. [6]

Markscheme

attempt to find the height of the tank when V = 5. 4414 … (= √ 3 π) (M1)

π( 1

3
h
3
+ h) = 5. 4414 … (= √ 3 π)

h = 1. 1818 … (A1)

attempt to use the chain rule or differentiate V = π( 1

3
h
3
+ h) with respect to t
(M1)

dh

dt
=
dV
dh
×
dV

dt
=
π(h
1
2
+1)
×
dV

dt
OR dV

dt
= π(h 2
+ 1)
dh

dt
(A1)

attempt to substitute their h and dV

dt
= 0. 4 (M1)

dh 0.4
= = 0. 053124 …
dt π(1.1818… 2
+1)

= 0. 0531 (m s
−1
) A1

[6 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.10
A scientist conducted a nine-week experiment on two plants, A and B, of the same
species. He wanted to determine the effect of using a new plant fertilizer. Plant A was
given fertilizer regularly, while Plant B was not.

The scientist found that the height of Plant A, h cm, at time t weeks can be modelled
A

by the function h (t) = sin(2t + 6) + 9t + 27, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

A

The scientist found that the height of Plant B, h cm, at time t weeks can be modelled
B

by the function h (t) = 8t + 32, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

B

Use the scientist’s models to find the initial height of

(a.i) Plant B. [1]

Markscheme

32 (cm) A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2]

Markscheme

h A (0) = sin(6) + 27 (M1)

= 26. 7205 …

= 26. 7 (cm) A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the values of t when h A (t) .

= h B (t) [3]
 Markscheme

attempts to solve h A (t) = h B (t) for t (M1)

t = 4. 0074 … , 4. 7034 … , 5. 88332 …

t = 4. 01, 4. 70, 5. 88 (weeks) A2

[3 marks]

(c) For t > 6 , prove that Plant A was always taller than Plant B. [3]

Markscheme

h A (t) − h B (t) = sin(2t + 6) + t − 5 A1

EITHER

for t > 6, t − 5 > 1 A1

and as sin(2t + 6) ≥ −1 ⇒ h A (t) − h B (t) > 0 R1

OR

the minimum value of sin(2t + 6) = −1 R1

so for t > 6, h A (t) − h B (t) = t − 6 > 0 A1

THEN

hence for t > 6 , Plant A was always taller than Plant B AG

[3 marks]
(d) For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of
Plant B was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A. [6]

Markscheme

recognises that h A ′(t) and h B ′(t) are required (M1)

attempts to solve h A ′(t) = h B ′(t) for t (M1)

t = 1. 18879 … and 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … and 5. 37758 … OR

7. 47197 … and 8. 51917 … (A1)

Note: Award full marks for

π π π π π π
.
4 5 7 8 10 11
t = − 3, − 3, ( − 3, − 3 − 3, − 3)
3 3 3 3 3 3

Award subsequent marks for correct use of these exact values.

1. 18879 … < t < 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … < t < 5. 37758 … OR

7. 47197 … < t < 8. 51917 … (A1)

attempts to calculate the total amount of time (M1)

π
5 π
4
3(2. 2359 … − 1. 1887 …) (= 3(( − 3) − ( − 3)))
3 3

= 3. 14 (= π) (weeks) A1

[6 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 28] 22M.3.AHL.TZ1.2
This question asks you to explore cubic polynomials of the form
(x − r)(x − 2ax + a + b ) for x ∈ R and corresponding cubic equations with
2 2 2

one real root and two complex roots of the form (z − r)(z − 2az + a + b ) = 0 2 2 2

for z ∈ C.

In parts (a), (b) and (c), let r = 1, a = 4 and b = 1 .

Consider the equation (z − 1)(z 2

− 8z + 17) = 0 for z ∈ C .

(a.i) Given that 1 and 4 + i are roots of the equation, write down the third
root. [1]

Markscheme

4 − i A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Verify that the mean of the two complex roots is 4. [1]

Markscheme

mean =
1

2
(4 + i + 4 − i) A1

= 4 AG

[1 mark]

Consider the function f (x) = (x − 1)(x

2
− 8x + 17) for x ∈ R .

(b) Show that the line y = x − 1 is tangent to the curve y = f (x) at the
point A(4, 3).
 [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempts product rule differentiation (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for attempting to express f (x) as f (x) = x

3
− 9x
2
+ 25x − 17

f ′(x) = (x − 1)(2x − 8) + x
2
− 8x + 17 (f ′(x) = 3x
2
− 18x + 25) A1

f ′(4) = 1 A1

Note: Where f ′(x) is correct, award A1 for solving f ′(x) = 1 and obtaining x = 4 .

EITHER

y − 3 = 1(x − 4) A1

OR

y = x + c

3 = 4 + c ⇒ c = −1 A1

OR

states the gradient of y = x − 1 is also 1 and verifies that (4, 3) lies on the line
y = x − 1 A1

THEN

so y = x − 1 is the tangent to the curve at A(4, 3) AG

Note: Award a maximum of (M0)A0A1A1 to a candidate who does not attempt to find
f ′(x).

METHOD 2

sets f (x) = x − 1 to form x − 1 = (x − 1)(x

2
− 8x + 17) (M1)

EITHER

(x − 1)(x
2
− 8x + 16) = 0 (x
3
− 9x
2
+ 24x − 16 = 0) A1

attempts to solve a correct cubic equation (M1)

2
(x − 1)(x − 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, 4

OR

recognises that x ≠ 1 and forms x 2

− 8x + 17 = 1 (x
2
− 8x + 16 = 0) A1

attempts to solve a correct quadratic equation (M1)

2
(x − 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 4

THEN

x = 4 is a double root R1

so y = x − 1 is the tangent to the curve at A(4, 3) AG

Note: Candidates using this method are not required to verify that y = 3 .

[4 marks]
(c) Sketch the curve y = f (x) and the tangent to the curve at point A,
clearly showing where the tangent crosses the x-axis. [2]

Markscheme

a positive cubic with an x-intercept (x = 1), and a local maximum and

local minimum in the first quadrant both positioned to the left of A A1

Note: As the local minimum and point A are very close to each other,
condone graphs that seem to show these points coinciding.
For the point of tangency, accept labels such as A, (4, 3) or the point labelled from
both axes. Coordinates are not required.

a correct sketch of the tangent passing through A and crossing the x-axis at
the same point (x = 1) as the curve A1

Note: Award A1A0 if both graphs cross the x-axis at distinctly different points.
 [2 marks]

Consider the function g(x) = (x − r)(x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b )
2
for x ∈ R where
r, a ∈ R and b ∈ R, b > 0.

(d.i) Show that g′(x) = 2(x − r)(x − a) + x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

g′(x) = (x − r)(2x − 2a) + x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
(M1)A1

OR

3 2 2 2 2 2
g(x) = x − (2a + r)x + (a + b + 2ar)x − (a + b )r

attempts to find g′(x) M1

2 2 2
g′(x) = 3x − 2(2a + r)x + a + b + 2ar

= 2x
2
− 2(a + r)x + 2ar + x
2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
A1

2 2 2 2
(= 2(x − ax − rx + ar) + x − 2ax + a + b )

THEN

g′(x) = 2(x − r)(x − a) + x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
AG

[2 marks]

(d.ii) Hence, or otherwise, prove that the tangent to the curve y = g(x) at the
point A(a, g(a)) intersects the x-axis at the point R(r, 0). [6]

Markscheme
METHOD 1

g(a) = b (a − r)
2
(A1)

g′(a) = b
2
(A1)

attempts to substitute their g(a) and g′(a) into y − g(a) = g′(a)(x − a) M1

2 2
y − b (a − r) = b (x − a)

EITHER

2
y = b (x − r) (y = b x − b r)
2 2
A1

sets y = 0 so b 2
(x − r) = 0 M1

b > 0 ⇒ x = r OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x = r R1

OR

sets y = 0 so −b 2 2
(a − r) = b (x − a) M1

b > 0 OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ −(a − r) = x − a R1

x = r A1

THEN

so the tangent intersects the x-axis at the point R(r, 0) AG

METHOD 2

g′(a) = b
2
(A1)

g(a) = b (a − r)
2
(A1)

attempts to substitute their g(a) and g′(a) into y = g′(a)x + c and attempts to
find c M1

2
c = −b r
 EITHER

2
y = b (x − r) (y = b x − b r)
2 2
A1

sets y = 0 so b 2
(x − r) = 0 M1

b > 0 ⇒ x = r OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x = r R1

OR

sets y = 0 so b 2
(x − r) = 0 M1

b > 0 OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x − r = 0 R1

x = r A1

METHOD 3

g′(a) = b
2
(A1)

the line through R(r, 0) parallel to the tangent at A has equation

2
y = b (x − r) A1

sets g(x) 2
= b (x − r) to form b 2
(x − r) = (x − r)(x
2
− 2ax + a
2 2
+ b ) M1

b
2
= x
2
− 2ax + a
2 2
+ b , (x ≠ r) A1

A1
2
(x − a) = 0

since there is a double root (x = a) , this parallel line through R(r, 0) is the
required tangent at A R1

[6 marks]

The equation (z − r)(z − 2az + a 2 2 2

+ b ) = 0 for z ∈ C has roots r and a ± bi
where r, a ∈ R and b ∈ R, b > 0.
(e) Deduce from part (d)(i) that the complex roots of the equation
(z − r)(z
2
− 2az + a
2 2
+ b ) = 0 can be expressed as a ± i√g′(a). [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

g′(a) = b
2
⇒ b = √ g′(a) (since b > 0 ) R1

Note: Accept b = ±√ g′(a) .

OR

(a ± bi=)a ± i√ b
2
and g′(a) = b
2
R1

THEN

hence the complex roots can be expressed as a ± i√g′(a) AG

[1 mark]

On the Cartesian plane, the points C 1 (a, √ g′(a)) and C 2 (a, − √ g′(a)) represent
the real and imaginary parts of the complex roots of the equation
(z − r)(z − 2az + a + b ) = 0.
2 2 2

The following diagram shows a particular curve of the form

y = (x − r)(x − 2ax + a + 16) and the tangent to the curve at the point A(a, 80).
2 2

The curve and the tangent both intersect the x-axis at the point R(−2, 0). The points C 1

and C are also shown.

2
(f.i) Use this diagram to determine the roots of the corresponding equation
of the form (z − r)(z − 2az + a + 16) = 0 for z ∈ C.
2 2
[4]

Markscheme

b = 4 (seen anywhere) A1

EITHER

attempts to find the gradient of the tangent in terms of a and equates to 16 (M1)

OR

substitutes r = −2, x = a and y = 80 to form

80 = (a − (−2))(a
2
− 2a
2
+ a
2
+ 16) (M1)

OR

substitutes r = −2, x = a and y = 80 into y = 16(x − r) (M1)

THEN

80
= 16 ⇒ a = 3
a+2
 roots are −2 (seen anywhere) and 3 ± 4i A1A1

Note: Award A1 for −2 and A1 for 3 ± 4i. Do not accept coordinates.

[4 marks]

(f.ii) State the coordinates of C .

2 [1]

Markscheme

(3, − 4) A1

Note: Accept “x = 3 and y = −4”.

Do not award A1FT for (a, − 4).

[1 mark]

Consider the curve y = (x − r)(x − 2ax + a + b ) for a ≠ r, b > 0. The points

2 2 2

A(a, g(a)) and R(r, 0) are as defined in part (d)(ii). The curve has a point of inflexion at

point P.

(g.i) Show that the x-coordinate of P is 1

3
(2a + r) .

You are not required to demonstrate a change in concavity. [2]

Markscheme

2 2 2
g′(x) = 2(x − r)(x − a) + x − 2ax + a + b

attempts to find g′′(x) M1

g′′(x) = 2(x − a) + 2(x − r) + 2x − 2a (= 6x − 2r − 4a)

 sets g′′(x) = 0 and correctly solves for x A1

for example, obtaining x − r + 2(x − a) = 0 leading to 3x = 2a + r

so x =
1

3
(2a + r) AG

Note: Do not award A1 if the answer does not lead to the AG.

[2 marks]

(g.ii) Hence describe numerically the horizontal position of point P relative to

the horizontal positions of the points R and A. [1]

Markscheme

point P is 2
3
of the horizontal distance (way) from point R to point A A1

Note: Accept equivalent numerical statements or a clearly labelled

diagram displaying the numerical relationship.
Award A0 for non-numerical statements such as “P is between R and A, closer to A”.

[1 mark]

Consider the special case where a = r and b > 0 .

(h.i) Sketch the curve y = (x − r)(x

2
− 2ax + a
2 2
+ b ) for a = r = 1

and b = 2. [2]

Markscheme

y = (x − 1)(x
2
− 2x + 5) (A1)
 a positive cubic with no stationary points and a non-stationary point of inflexion at
x = 1 A1

Note: Graphs may appear approximately linear. Award this A1 if a change

of concavity either side of x = 1 is apparent.
Coordinates are not required and the y-intercept need not be indicated.

[2 marks]

(h.ii) For a = r and b > 0 , state in terms of r, the coordinates of points P and
A. [1]

Markscheme

(r, 0) A1
[1 mark]
15. [Maximum mark: 28] 22M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question asks you to explore properties of a family of curves of the type
y = x + ax + b for various values of a and b, where a, b ∈ N.
2 3

On the same set of axes, sketch the following curves for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and −2 ≤ y ≤ 2

, clearly indicating any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.

(a.i) y
2 3
= x , x ≥ 0 [2]

Markscheme

approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y 2

= x
3
A1

including cusp/sharp point at (0, 0) A1

[2 marks]

Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct place with
respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’ or are
 discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct
branch of both curves are seen.

Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks for the
‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.

(a.ii) y
2
= x
3
+ 1, x ≥ −1 [2]

Markscheme

approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y = x2 3

+ 1 with
approximately correct gradient at axes intercepts A1
some indication of position of intersections at x = −1, y = ±1 A1

[2 marks]

Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct place with
respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’ or are
discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct
branch of both curves are seen.

Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks for the
‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.

(b.i) Write down the coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the curve
y = x + 1. [1]
2 3

Markscheme

(0, 1) and (0, − 1) A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) By considering each curve from part (a), identify two key features that
would distinguish one curve from the other. [1]
 Markscheme

Any two from:

y
2
= x
3
has a cusp/sharp point, (the other does not)

graphs have different domains

y
2
= x
3
+ 1 has points of inflexion, (the other does not)

graphs have different x-axis intercepts (one goes through the origin, and the other
does not)

graphs have different y-axis intercepts A1

Note: Follow through from their sketch in part (a)(i). In accordance with
marking rules, mark their first two responses and ignore any subsequent.

[1 mark]

Now, consider curves of the form y , for x , where b .

2 3 3 +
= x + b ≥ −√ b ∈ Z

(c) By varying the value of b, suggest two key features common to these
curves. [2]

Markscheme

Any two from:

as , x → ∞, y → ±∞

as x → ∞, y
2
= x
3
+ b is approximated by y 2
= x
3
(or similar)

they have x intercepts at x

3
= −√ b

they have y intercepts at y = (±)√ b

they all have the same range

 y = 0 (or x-axis) is a line of symmetry

they all have the same line of symmetry (y = 0)

they have one x-axis intercept

they have two y-axis intercepts

they have two points of inflexion

at x-axis intercepts, curve is vertical/infinite gradient

there is no cusp/sharp point at x-axis intercepts A1A1

Note: The last example is the only valid answer for things “not” present. Do
not credit an answer of “they are all symmetrical” without some reference to the line
of symmetry.

Note: Do not allow same/ similar shape or equivalent.

Note: In accordance with marking rules, mark their first two responses and
ignore any subsequent.

[2 marks]

Next, consider the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x, x ≥ 0 .

(d.i)
2

Show that , for x .

dy 3x +1

dx
= ±
3
2√ x +x
> 0 [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to differentiate implicitly M1

A1
dy 2
2y = 3x + 1
dx

OR A1
dy 3x +1 dy 2
3
= (±)2√ x + x = 3x + 1
dx 2y dx
 2

AG
dy 3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√ x +x

METHOD 2

attempt to use chain rule y 3

= (±)√ x + x M1
1
−
A1A1
dy 1 3 2 2
= (±) (x + x) (3x + 1)
dx 2

1
−
Note: Award A1 for (±) 1

2
(x
3
+ x)
2
, A1 for (3x 2
+ 1)

AG
dy 3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√ x +x

[3 marks]

(d.ii) Hence deduce that the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x has no local minimum or
maximum points. [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

local minima/maxima occur when

dy
= 0
dx

1 + 3x
2
= 0 has no (real) solutions (or equivalent) R1

OR

, so R1
2 2 dy
(x ≥ 0 ⇒) 3x + 1 > 0 ≠ 0
dx

THEN
 so, no local minima/maxima exist AG

[1 mark]

The curve y = x + x has two points of inflexion. Due to the symmetry of the curve
2 3

these points have the same x-coordinate.

(e) Find the value of this x-coordinate, giving your answer in the form
p√ 3+q
x =
√
r
, where p, q, r ∈ Z . [7]

Markscheme

EITHER
2

attempt to use quotient rule to find M1

d y

dx 2

1
2 3 − 2
3
2
d y 12x√ x+x −(1+3x )(x+x ) 2
(1+3x )

dx
2
= (±)
4(x+x )
3
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct 12x√x + x and correct denominator, A1 for correct 3

1
−
−(1 + 3x )(x + x )
2 3 2
(1 + 3x )
2
.

Note: Future A marks may be awarded if the denominator is missing or incorrect.

stating or using (may be seen anywhere) (M1)

d y
= 0
dx 2

1
−
3 2 3 2
12x√ x + x = (1 + 3x )(x + x )
2
(1 + 3x )

OR
2

attempt to use product rule to find M1

d y

dx 2

2 3 1
− −
A1A1
d y 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2

2
= (3x + 1)(− )(3x + 1)(x + x) + 3x(x + x)
dx 2 2
Note: Award A1 for correct first term, A1 for correct second term.

setting (M1)
d y
= 0
dx 2

OR

attempts implicit differentiation on 2y M1

dy 2
= 3x + 1
dx

2 2

A1
dy d y
2( ) + 2y = 6x
dx dx 2

recognizes that d y

dx
2
= 0 (M1)

dy
= ±√ 3x
dx

(±)
3x +1
= (±)√ 3x (A1)
2√ x 3 +x

THEN

3 2 2
12x(x + x ) = (1 + 3x )

2 4 4 2
12x + 12x = 9x + 6x + 1

3x
4
+ 6x
2
− 1 = 0 A1

attempt to use quadratic formula or equivalent (M1)

2 −6±√ 48
x =
6

(x > 0 ⇒)x = √
2√ 3−3

3
(p = 2, q = −3, r = 3) A1

Note: Accept any integer multiple of p, q and r (e.g. 4, − 6 and 6).

[7 marks]
P(x, y) is defined to be a rational point on a curve if x and y are rational numbers.

The tangent to the curve y 2

= x
3
+ ax + b at a rational point P intersects the curve at
another rational point Q.

Let C be the curve y 2

= x
3
+ 2 , for x ≥ −√ 2
3
. The rational point P(−1, − 1) lies on
C .

(f.i) Find the equation of the tangent to C at P. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find tangent line through (−1, − 1) (M1)

y + 1 = −
3

2
(x + 1) OR y = −1. 5x − 2. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(f.ii) Hence, find the coordinates of the rational point Q where this
tangent intersects C , expressing each coordinate as a fraction. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)

Note: The M1 mark can be awarded for an unsupported correct answer in

an incorrect format (e.g. (4. 25, − 8. 875)).

obtain ( 17

4
, −
71

8
) A1

[2 marks]

(g) The point S(−1 , 1) also lies on C . The line [QS] intersects C at a
further point. Determine the coordinates of this point.
 [5]

Markscheme

attempt to find equation of [QS] (M1)

(A1)
y−1 79
= − (= −1. 88095 …)
x+1 42

solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)

x = 0. 28798 … (=
127

441
) A1

y = −1. 4226 … (=
13175

9261
) A1

(0. 228, − 1. 42)

OR

attempt to find vector equation of [QS] (M1)

21
x −1
(A1)
4
( ) = ( ) + λ( )
79
y 1 −
8

21
x = −1 + λ
4

79
y = 1 − λ
8

2 3
attempt to solve (1 − 79

8
λ) = (−1 +
21

4
λ) + 2 (M1)

λ = 0. 2453 …

x = 0. 28798 … (=
127

441
) A1

y = −1. 4226 … (=
13175

9261
) A1

(0. 228, − 1. 42)

[5 marks]
16. [Maximum mark: 5] 21N.2.SL.TZ0.2
Consider the function f (x) , for −2 .
2
−x
= e − 0. 5 ≤ x ≤ 2

(a) Find the values of x for which f (x) = 0 . [2]

Markscheme

x = −0. 832554 … , x = 0. 832554 …

x = −0. 833, x = 0. 833 A1A1

[2 marks]

(b) Sketch the graph of f on the following grid.

[3]

Markscheme
 A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape. Only if this mark is awarded, award
A1 for approximately correct roots and maximum point and A1 for approximately
correct endpoints.
Allow −1 < x ≤ −0. 8, 0. 8 ≤ x < 1 for roots, x = 0, 0. 4 ≤ y ≤ 0. 6
for maximum and x = ±2, − 0. 6 ≤ y ≤ −0. 4 for endpoints.

[3 marks]
17. [Maximum mark: 25] 21N.3.AHL.TZ0.1
In this question you will explore some of the properties of special functions f and g
and their relationship with the trigonometric functions, sine and cosine.

z −z z −z

Functions f and g are defined as f (z) =

e +e

2
and g(z) =
e −e

2
, where z .
∈ C

Consider t and u, such that t, u ∈ R .

(a) [2]
2

Verify that u = f (t) satisfies the differential equation d u

dt
2
= u .

Markscheme

t −t

f ′(t) =
e −e

2
A1
t −t

f ′′(t) =
e +e

2
A1

= f (t) AG

[2 marks]

(b) Show that (f (t)) 2

+ (g(t))
2
= f (2t) . [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2 2
(f (t)) + (g(t))

substituting f and g M1
2 2
t −t t −t
(e +e ) +(e −e )
=
4

t 2 −t 2 t 2 −t 2
(e ) +2+(e ) +(e ) −2+(e )
=
4
(M1)
2 2
t −t
(e ) +(e ) 2t −2t

=
2
(=
e +e

2
) A1

= f (2t) AG
 METHOD 2
2t −2t
e +e
f (2t) =
2

2 2
t −t
(e ) +(e )
=
2
M1

t −t 2 t −t 2
(e +e ) +(e −e )
=
4
M1A1

AG
2 2
= (f (t)) + (g(t))

Note: Accept combinations of METHODS 1 & 2 that meet at equivalent expressions.

[3 marks]

Using e iu
= cos u + i sin u , find expressions, in terms of sin u and cos u, for

(c.i) f (iu) . [3]

Markscheme

substituting e iu
= cos u + i sin u into the expression for f (M1)

obtaining e -iu
= cos u − i sin u (A1)

cos u+i sin u+cos u−i sin u

f (iu) =
2

Note: The M1 can be awarded for the use of sine and cosine being odd and
even respectively.

2 cos u
=
2

= cos u A1
 [3 marks]

(c.ii) g(iu) . [2]

Markscheme

cos u+i sin u−cos u+i sin u

g(iu) =
2

substituting and attempt to simplify (M1)

2i sin u
=
2

= i sin u A1

[2 marks]

(d) Hence find, and simplify, an expression for (f (iu))

2
+ (g(iu))
2
. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2 2
(f (iu)) + (g(iu))

substituting expressions found in part (c) (M1)

= cos
2
u − sin
2
u (= cos 2u) A1

METHOD 2
2iu −2iu
e +e
f (2iu) =
2

=
cos 2u+i sin 2u+cos 2u−i sin 2u

2
M1

= cos 2u A1
 Note: Accept equivalent final answers that have been simplified removing
all imaginary parts eg 2 cos u − 1etc 2

[2 marks]

(e) Show that (f (t))

2
− (g(t))
2
= (f (iu))
2
− (g(iu))
2
. [4]

Markscheme

2 2
t −t t −t
(e +e ) −(e −e )
M1
2 2
(f (t)) − (g(t)) =
4

2t −2t 2t −2t
(e +e +2)−(e +e −2)
=
4
A1

=
4

4
= 1 A1

Note: Award A1 for a value of 1 obtained from either LHS or RHS of given expression.

(f (iu))
2
− (g(iu))
2
= cos
2
u + sin
2
u M1

(hence (f (t)) ) AG
2 2 2 2
= 1 − (g(t)) = (f (iu)) − (g(iu))

Note: Award full marks for showing that (f (z)) .

2 2
− (g(z)) = 1, ∀z ∈ C

[4 marks]

The functions cos x and sin x are known as circular functions as the general point (
cos θ, sin θ) defines points on the unit circle with equation x + y = 1.
2 2

The functions f (x) and g(x) are known as hyperbolic functions, as the general point (
f (θ), g(θ) ) defines points on a curve known as a hyperbola with equation x − y = 1.
2 2

This hyperbola has two asymptotes.

(f ) Sketch the graph of x − y = 1, stating the coordinates of any axis
2 2

intercepts and the equation of each asymptote. [4]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct curves in the upper quadrants, A1 for correct curves in the
lower quadrants, A1 for correct x-intercepts of (−1, 0) and (1, 0) (condone
x = −1 and 1), A1 for y = x and y = −x.

[4 marks]

(g) The hyperbola with equation x 2

− y
2
= 1 can be rotated to coincide
with the curve defined by xy = k, k ∈ R .

Find the possible values of k. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to rotate by 45° in either direction (M1)

Note: Evidence of an attempt to relate to a sketch of xy = k would be sufficient

for this (M1).
attempting to rotate a particular point, eg (1, 0) (M1)

(1, 0) rotates to ( 1

√2
, ±
1

√2
) (or similar) (A1)

hence k = ±
1

2
A1A1

[5 marks]
18. [Maximum mark: 16] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.8
Let y =
ln x

x4
for x > 0 .

(a) Show that

dy

dx
=
1−4 ln x

x5
. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to use quotient or product rule (M1)

4 1 3
x ( )−(ln x)(4x )
OR A1
dy x −5 −4 1
= 2
(ln x)(−4x ) + (x )( )
dx (x 4 ) x

correct working A1
3

OR cancelling x OR
x (1−4 ln x) 3 −4 ln x 1
= +
x8 x5 x5

=
1−4 ln x

x5
AG

[3 marks]

Consider the function defined by f (x) ln x

x
4
for x > 0 and its graph y .
= f (x)

(b) The graph of f has a horizontal tangent at point P. Find the coordinates
of P. [5]

Markscheme

(M1)
dy
f ′(x) = = 0
dx

1−4 ln x
5
= 0
x

ln x =
1
4
(A1)
1

x = e 4
A1

substitution of their x to find y (M1)

1

ln e 4

y = 4
1

(e 4 )
 =
1

4e
(=
1

4
e
−1
) A1

1
1
P(e 4 , )
4e

[5 marks]

(c) Given that f ′′(x) =

20 ln x−9

x
6
, show that P is a local maximum point. [3]

Markscheme

1
1

(M1)
20 ln e 4 −9
f ′′(e 4 ) = 6
1

(e 4 )

=
5−9

e 1.5
(= −
4

e 1.5
) A1

which is negative R1

hence P is a local maximum AG

Note: The R1 is dependent on the previous A1 being awarded.

[3 marks]

(d) Solve f (x) > 0 for x > 0 . [2]

Markscheme

ln x > 0 (A1)

x > 1 A1

[2 marks]
(e) Sketch the graph of f , showing clearly the value of the x-intercept and
the approximate position of point P. [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for one x-intercept only, located at 1

A1 for local maximum, P, in approximately correct position

A1 for curve approaching x-axis as x → ∞ (including change in concavity).

[3 marks]
19. [Maximum mark: 27] 21M.3.AHL.TZ1.1
This question asks you to explore the behaviour and key features of
cubic polynomials of the form x − 3cx + d.
3

Consider the function f (x) = x

3
− 3cx + 2 for x ∈ R and where c is a parameter,
c ∈ R.

The graphs of y = f (x) for c = −1 and c = 0 are shown in the following diagrams.

c = −1 c = 0

On separate axes, sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing the value of the y-intercept and
the coordinates of any points with zero gradient, for

(a.i) c = 1 . [3]

Markscheme
 c = 1 : positive cubic with correct y-intercept labelled A1

local maximum point correctly labelled A1

local minimum point correctly labelled A1

[3 marks]

(a.ii) c = 2 . [3]

Markscheme
 c = 2 : positive cubic with correct y-intercept labelled A1

local maximum point correctly labelled A1

local minimum point correctly labelled A1

Note: Accept the following exact answers:

Local maximum point coordinates (−√2, 2 + 4√2).

Local minimum point coordinates (√2, 2 − 4√2).

[3 marks]

(b) Write down an expression for f ′(x). [1]

Markscheme

f ′(x) = 3x
2
− 3c A1

Note: Accept 3x 2
− 3c (an expression).
 [1 mark]

Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of c such that the graph of y = f (x) has

(c.i) a point of inflexion with zero gradient. [1]

Markscheme

c = 0 A1

[1 mark]

(c.ii) one local maximum point and one local minimum point. [2]

Markscheme

considers the number of solutions to their f ′(x) = 0 (M1)

2
3x − 3c = 0

c > 0 A1

[2 marks]

(c.iii) no points where the gradient is equal to zero. [1]

Markscheme

c < 0 A1

Note: The (M1) in part (c)(ii) can be awarded for work shown in either (ii) or (iii).
 [1 mark]

Given that the graph of y = f (x) has one local maximum point and one local
minimum point, show that

(d.i) [3]
3

the y-coordinate of the local maximum point is 2c 2 + 2 .

Markscheme

attempts to solve their f ′(x) = 0 for x (M1)

x ± √c (A1)

Note: Award (A1) if either x = −√c or x = √c is subsequently considered.

Award the above (M1)(A1) if this work is seen in part (c).

correctly evaluates f (−√c) A1

3 3

f (−√c) = −c 2 + 3c 2 + 2 (= −c√c + 3c√c + 2)

the y-coordinate of the local maximum point is 2c 2 + 2 AG

[3 marks]

(d.ii)
3

the y-coordinate of the local minimum point is −2c 2

+ 2 . [1]

Markscheme

correctly evaluates f (√c) A1

3 3

f (√c) = c 2 − 3c 2 + 2 (= c√c − 3c√c + 2)

 3

the y-coordinate of the local minimum point is −2c 2 + 2 AG

[1 mark]

Hence, for c > 0 , find the set of values of c such that the graph of y = f (x) has

(e.i) exactly one x-axis intercept. [2]

Markscheme

the graph of y = f (x) will have one x-axis intercept if

EITHER
3

−2c 2 + 2 > 0 (or equivalent reasoning) R1

OR

the minimum point is above the x-axis R1

Note: Award R1 for a rigorous approach that does not (only) refer to sketched
graphs.

THEN

0 < c < 1 A1

Note: Condone c < 1 . The A1 is independent of the R1.

 [2 marks]

(e.ii) exactly two x-axis intercepts. [2]

Markscheme

the graph of y = f (x) will have two x-axis intercepts if

EITHER
3

−2c 2 + 2 = 0 (or equivalent reasoning) (M1)

OR

evidence from the graph in part(a)(i) (M1)

THEN

c = 1 A1

[2 marks]

(e.iii) exactly three x-axis intercepts. [2]

Markscheme

the graph of y = f (x) will have three x-axis intercepts if

EITHER
3

−2c 2 + 2 < 0 (or equivalent reasoning) (M1)

OR
 reasoning from the results in both parts (e)(i) and (e)(ii) (M1)

THEN

c > 1 A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Consider the function g(x) = x

3
− 3cx + d for x ∈ R and where
c , d ∈ R.

Find all conditions on c and d such that the graph of y = g(x) has
exactly one x-axis intercept, explaining your reasoning. [6]

Markscheme

case 1:

c ≤ 0 (independent of the value of d) A1

EITHER

g′(x) = 0 does not have two solutions (has no solutions or 1 solution) R1

OR

⇒ g′(x) ≥ 0 for x ∈
~
R1

OR

the graph of y = f (x) has no local maximum or local minimum points, hence any
vertical translation of this graph (y = g(x)) will also have no local maximum or
local minimum points R1

THEN
therefore there is only one x-axis intercept AG

Note: Award at most A0R1 if only c < 0 is considered.

case 2

c > 0

3 3

(−√ c, 2c 2 + d) is a local maximum point and (√c, − 2c 2 + d) is a local

minimum point (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a correct y-coordinate seen for either the maximum or
the minimum.

considers the positions of the local maximum point and/or the local minimum point
(M1)

EITHER
considers both points above the x-axis or both points below the x-axis

OR

considers either the local minimum point only above the x-axis OR the local
maximum point only below the x-axis

THEN
3

d > 2c 2
(both points above the x-axis) A1
3

d < −2c 2
(both points above the x-axis) A1
Note: Award at most (A1)(M1)A0A0 for case 2 if c > 0 is not clearly stated.

[6 marks]
20. [Maximum mark: 31] 21M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question asks you to explore the behaviour and some key features of
the function f (x) = x (a − x) , where a ∈ R and n ∈ Z .
n
n n + +

In parts (a) and (b), only consider the case where a = 2 .

Consider f 1 (x) = x(2 − x) .

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), stating the values of any axes intercepts
1

and the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points. [3]

Markscheme

inverted parabola extended below the x-axis A1

x -axis intercept values x = 0, 2 A1

Note: Accept a graph passing through the origin as an indication of x = 0 .

local maximum at (1, 1) A1

Note: Coordinates must be stated to gain the final A1.

Do not accept decimal approximations.
 [3 marks]

Consider f n (x) = x
n
(2 − x)
n
, where n ∈ Z
+
, n > 1 .

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to explore the graph of y = f n (x)

for

• the odd values n = 3 and n = 5 ;

• the even values n = 2 and n = 4 .

Hence, copy and complete the following table.

[6]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct value.

For a table not sufficiently or clearly labelled, assume that their values are in the
same order as the table in the question paper and award marks accordingly.
 [6 marks]

Now consider f n (x) = x

n
(a − x)
n
where a ∈ R
+
and n ∈ Z
+
, n > 1 .

(c) Show that f n

′
(x) = nx
n−1
(a − 2x)(a − x)
n−1
. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempts to use the product rule (M1)

A1A1
′ n n−1 n−1 n
f n (x) = −nx (a − x) + nx (a − x)

Note: Award A1 for a correct u dv

dx
and A1 for a correct v du

dx
.

EITHER

attempts to factorise f (involving at least one of nx or (a − x) )

′ n−1 n−1
n (x)

(M1)

= nx
n−1
(a − x)
n−1
((a − x) − x) A1

OR

attempts to express f n
′
(x) as the difference of two products with each
product containing at least one of nx or (a − x) (M1)
n−1 n−1

A1
n−1 n−1 n−1 n−1
= (−x)(nx )(a − x) + (a − x)(nx )(a − x)

THEN

′
f n (x) = nx
n−1
(a − 2x)(a − x)
n−1
AG

Note: Award the final (M1)A1 for obtaining any of the following forms:
 n n
′ n n a−x−x ′ nx (a−x)
f n (x) = nx (a − x) ( ); f n (x) = (a − x − x);
x(a−x) x(a−x)

′ n−1 n n−1
f n (x) = nx ((a − x) − x(a − x) );

′ n−1 n−1 n n
f n (x) = (a − x) (nx (a − x) − nx )

METHOD 2

(M1)
n
f n (x) = (x(a − x))

n
= (ax − x )
2
A1

attempts to use the chain rule (M1)

n−1
′
f n (x) = n(a − 2x)(ax − x )
2
A1A1

n−1
Note: Award A1 for n(a − 2x) and A1 for (ax − x 2
) .

AG
′ n−1 n−1
f n (x) = nx (a − 2x)(a − x)

[5 marks]

(d) State the three solutions to the equation f n

′
(x) = 0 . [2]

Markscheme

x = 0, x =
a

2
, x = a A2

Note: Award A1 for either two correct solutions or for obtaining

a
x = 0, x = −a, x = −
2

Award A0 otherwise.
 [2 marks]

(e) Show that the point ( , f a

2 n( 2
a
)) on the graph of y = f n (x) is always
above the horizontal axis. [3]

Markscheme

attempts to find an expression for f n( 2

a
) (M1)
n n
a a a
fn ( ) = ( ) (a − )
2 2 2

n n 2n n 2
= (
a

2
) (
a

2
) (= (
a

2
) ), (= ((
a

2
) ) ) A1

EITHER

2n
since a ∈ R
+
, (
a

2
) > 0 (for n ∈ Z
+
, n > 1 and so f a
n( 2 ) > 0 ) R1

Note: Accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on a and n.

Award R0 if any conditions/statements specified involving a, n or both are
incorrect.

OR

(since a ∈ R ), raised to an even power (2n) (or equivalent reasoning) is

+ a

always positive (and so f ( ) > 0) R1 n

a

Note: The condition a ∈ R is given in the question. Hence some candidates will
+

assume a ∈ R and not state it. In these instances, award R1 for a convincing
+

argument.
Accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on on a and n.
Award R0 if any conditions/statements specified involving a, n or both are
incorrect.

THEN
 so ( a

2
, fn (
a

2
)) is always above the horizontal axis AG

Note: Do not award (M1)A0R1.

[3 marks]

(f ) Hence, or otherwise, show that f n

′
(
a

4
) > 0 , for n ∈ Z
+
. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

n−1 n−1 n−1 n−1

′
fn (
a

4
) = n(
a

4
) (a −
a

2
)(a −
a

4
) (= n(
a

4
) (
a

2
)(
3a

4
) ) A1

EITHER

n−1 n−1
n(
a

4
) (
a

2
)(
3a

4
) > 0 as a ∈ R
+
and n ∈ Z
+
R1

OR

n−1 n−1
n(
a

4
) , (a −
a

2
) and (a − a

4
) are all > 0 R1

Note: Do not award A0R1.

Accept equivalent reasoning on correct alternative expressions for f n
′
(
a

4
) and
accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on a and n.

Exceptions to the above are condone n > 1 and condone n > 0 .

2n−1
An alternative form for f is (2n)(3) .
′ a n−1 a
n ( ) ( )
4 4

THEN

hence f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 AG
 METHOD 2

f n (0) = 0 and f n( 2
a
) > 0 A1

(since f is continuous and there are no stationary points between x

n = 0 and
x = )a

the gradient (of the curve) must be positive between x = 0 and x =

a

2
R1

Note: Do not award A0R1.

hence f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 AG

[2 marks]

By using the result from part (f ) and considering the sign of f n

′
(−1), show that
the point (0, 0) on the graph of y = f (x) is n

(g.i) a local minimum point for even values of n, where n > 1 and a ∈ R
+
. [3]

Markscheme

′ n−1 n−1
f n (−1) = n(−1) (a + 2)(a + 1)

for n even:

(and (a + 2), (a + 1) are both > 0) R1

n−1 n−1
n(−1) (= −n) < 0

′
f n (−1) < 0 A1

′
f n (0) = 0 and f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 (seen anywhere) A1

Note: Candidates can give arguments based on the sign of (−1) to obtain the R
n−1

mark.
 For example, award R1 for the following:
If n is even, then n − 1 is odd and hence (−1) .
n−1
< 0 (= −1)

Do not award R0A1.

The second A1 is independent of the other two marks.
The A marks can be awarded for correct descriptions expressed in words.
Candidates can state (0, 0) as a point of zero gradient from part (d) or show,
state or explain (words or diagram) that f (0) = 0. The last A mark can be awarded
n
′

for a clearly labelled diagram showing changes in the sign of the gradient.
The last A1 can be awarded for use of a specific case (e.g. n = 2).

hence (0, 0) is a local minimum point AG

[3 marks]

(g.ii) a point of inflexion with zero gradient for odd values of n, where n > 1

and a ∈ R . +
[2]

Markscheme

for n odd:

, (and (a + 2), (a + 1) are both > 0) so f

n−1 n−1 ′
n(−1) (= n) < 0 n (−1) > 0

R1

Note: Candidates can give arguments based on the sign of (−1) to obtain
n−1

the R mark.
For example, award R1 for the following:
If n is odd, then n − 1 is even and hence (−1) .
n−1
> 0 (= 1)

′
f n (0) = 0 and f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 (seen anywhere) A1

Note: The A1 is independent of the R1.

Candidates can state (0, 0) as a point of zero gradient from part (d) or show,
state or explain (words or diagram) that f (0) = 0. The last A mark can be awarded
n
′
 for a clearly labelled diagram showing changes in the sign of the gradient.
The last A1 can be awarded for use of a specific case (e.g. n = 3).

hence (0, 0) is a point of inflexion with zero gradient AG

[2 marks]

(h) Consider the graph of y = x

n
(a − x)
n
− k , where n ∈ Z
+
,a ∈ R
+

and k ∈ R.

State the conditions on n and k such that the equation

= k has four solutions for x. [5]
n n
x (a − x)

Markscheme

considers the parity of n (M1)

Note: Award M1 for stating at least one specific even value of n.

n must be even (for four solutions) A1

Note: The above 2 marks are independent of the 3 marks below.

2n
0 < k < (
a

2
) A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for the correct lower endpoint, A1 for the correct upper endpoint and
A1 for strict inequality signs.

The third A1 (strict inequality signs) can only be awarded if A1A1 has been
awarded.
2n
For example, award A1A1A0 for 0 ≤ k ≤ (
a

2
) . Award A1A0A0 for k > 0 .
 Award A1A0A0 for 0 < k < fn (
a

2
) .

[5 marks]
21. [Maximum mark: 7] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_3
Let g (x) = x + bx + 11. The point (−1, 8) lies on the graph of g.
2

(a) Find the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

valid attempt to substitute coordinates (M1)

eg g (−1) = 8

correct substitution (A1)

eg ,
2
(−1) + b (−1) + 11 = 8 1 − b + 11 = 8

b = 4 A1 N2

[3 marks]

(b) The graph of f (x) = x

2
is transformed to obtain the graph of g.

Describe this transformation. [4]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve (M1)

eg (x
2
+ 4x + 4) + 7 , h =
−4

2
, k = g (−2)

correct working A1

eg , ,
2
(x + 2) + 7 h = −2 k = 7

−2
translation or shift (do not accept move) of vector ( ) (accept left by 2 and up
7

by 7) A1A1 N2

[4 marks]
22. [Maximum mark: 14] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_10
Let g (x) = p + q, for x, p, q
x
∈ R, p > 1. The point A (0, a) lies on the graph of g.

Let f (x) = g −1
(x) . The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of point A in
the line y = x.

(a) Write down the coordinates of B. [2]

Markscheme

B (a, 0) (accept B (q + 1, 0) ) A2 N2

[2 marks]

The line L is tangent to the graph of f at B.

1

(b) Given that f ′

(a) =
1

ln p
, find the equation of L in terms of x, p and q.
1 [5]

Markscheme

Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in any
order. Please check working and award marks in line with the markscheme, noting
that candidates may work with the equation of the line before finding a.

FINDING a

valid attempt to find an expression for a in terms of q (M1)

0
g (0) = a, p + q = a

a = q + 1 (A1)

FINDING THE EQUATION OF L 1

EITHER
 attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates into equation of straight
line (M1)

eg y − 0 = f
′
(a) (x − a), y = f
′
(a) (x − (q + 1))

correct equation in terms of a and p (A1)

eg y − 0 =
1

ln(p)
(x − a)

OR

attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates to find b

eg 0 =
1

ln(p)
(a) + b

b =
−a

ln(p)
(A1)

THEN (must be in terms of both p and q)

A1 N3
1 1 q+1
y = (x − q − 1), y = x −
ln p ln p ln p

Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 =

1

ln p
(x − q − 1)

[5 marks]

(c) The line L is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation

2

y = (ln p)x + q + 1.

The line L passes through the point (−2,

2 − 2) .

The gradient of the normal to g at A is 1

1
.
ln( )
3

Find the equation of L in terms of x.

1 [7]

Markscheme

Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in any
order. Please check working and award marks in line with the markscheme, noting
that candidates may find q in terms of p before finding a value for p.

FINDING p

valid approach to find the gradient of the tangent (M1)

eg m 1 m 2 = −1, −
1
1
, − ln (
1

3
), −
1

ln p
=
1
1

1
ln( /3)
ln( /3)

correct application of log rule (seen anywhere) (A1)

−1
eg ln(
1

3
) , − (ln (1) − ln (3))

correct equation (seen anywhere) A1

eg ln p = ln 3, p = 3

FINDING q

correct substitution of (−2, − 2) into L equation

2 (A1)

eg −2 = (ln p) (−2) + q + 1

q = 2 ln p − 3, q = 2 ln 3 − 3 (seen anywhere) A1

FINDING L 1

correct substitution of their p and q into their L 1 (A1)

eg y =
1

ln 3
(x − (2 ln 3 − 3) − 1)

y =
1

ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2), y =
1

ln 3
x −
2 ln 3−2

ln 3
A1 N2

Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 =

1

ln 3
.
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2)
[7 marks]
23. [Maximum mark: 8] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_5
Consider the function f (x) =
1

3
x
3
+
3

4
x
2
− x − 1 .

(b) Write down the y-intercept of the graph of y = f (x) . [1]

Markscheme

−1 (A1)

Note: Accept (0, −1).

[1 mark]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −4 ≤ y ≤ 12. [4]

Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct window and axes labels, −3 to 3 should be indicated on
the x-axis and −4 to 12 on the y-axis.
(A1)) for smooth curve with correct cubic shape;
(A1) for x-intercepts: one close to −3, the second between −1 and 0, and third
 between 1 and 2; and y-intercept at approximately −1;
(A1) for local minimum in the 4th quadrant and maximum in the 2nd quadrant, in
approximately correct positions.
Graph paper does not need to be used. If window not given award at most (A0)(A1)
(A0)(A1).

[4 marks]

The function has one local maximum at x = p and one local minimum at x = q .

(h) Determine the range of f (x) for p ≤ x ≤ q. [3]

Markscheme

61 4
−1.27 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 1.33 (−1.27083 … ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 1.33333 … , − ⩽ f (x) ⩽ )
48 3

(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −1.27 seen, (A1) for 1.33 seen, and (A1) for correct weak
inequalities with their endpoints in the correct order. For example, award (A0)(A0)(A0)
for answers like 5 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 2. Accept y in place of f (x). Accept alternative
correct notation such as [−1.27, 1.33].

Follow through from their p and q values from part (g) only if their f (p) and f (q)
values are between −4 and 12. Award (A0)(A0)(A0) if their values from (g) are given as
the endpoints.

[3 marks]
24. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_4
(a) Sketch the graphs y = sin x + ln x and y
3
= 1 + cos x on the
following axes for 0 < x ≤ 9.

[2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.
 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct curve, showing all local max & mins.

Note: Award A0A0 for the curves drawn in degrees.

[2 marks]

(b) Hence solve sin 3

x + ln x − cos x − 1 < 0 in the range 0 < x ≤ 9. [4]

Markscheme

x = 1.35, 4.35, 6.64 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for attempt to find points of intersections between two curves.

0 < x < 1.35 A1

Note: Accept x < 1.35.

4.35 < x < 6.64 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints, A1 for correct inequalities.

Note: Award M1FTA1FTA0FTA0FT for 0 < x < 7.31.

Note: Accept x < 7.31.

[4 marks]
25. [Maximum mark: 8] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.T_4
Consider the function f (x) =
27

x
2
− 16x, x ≠ 0 .

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)

(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for axis labels and some indication of scale; accept y or f(x).

Use of graph paper is not required. If no scale is given, assume the given window for
zero and minimum point.

Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape.

Award (A1) for x-intercept closer to y-axis than to end of sketch.

 Award (A1) for correct local minimum with x-coordinate closer to y-axis than end of
sketch and y-coordinate less than half way to top of sketch.

Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1)(A1) if the sketch intersects the y-axis or if the sketch curves
away from the y-axis as x approaches zero.

[4 marks]

(b.iii) Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent
to the graph of y = f (x) at the point (–2, 38.75).

Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]

Markscheme

y = −9.25x + 20.3 (y = −9.25x + 20.25) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −9.25x, award (A1) for +20.25, award a maximum of (A0)(A1) if
answer is not an equation.

[2 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of the function g (x) = 10x + 40 on the same axes. [2]

Markscheme

correct line, y = 10x + 40, seen on sketch (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for straight line with positive gradient, award (A1) for x-intercept
and y-intercept in approximately the correct positions. Award at most (A0)(A1) if ruler
not used. If the straight line is drawn on different axes to part (a), award at most (A0)
(A1).

[2 marks]
26. [Maximum mark: 28] 22M.3.AHL.TZ1.2
This question asks you to explore cubic polynomials of the form
(x − r)(x − 2ax + a + b ) for x ∈ R and corresponding cubic equations with
2 2 2

one real root and two complex roots of the form (z − r)(z − 2az + a + b ) = 0 2 2 2

for z ∈ C.

In parts (a), (b) and (c), let r = 1, a = 4 and b = 1 .

Consider the equation (z − 1)(z 2

− 8z + 17) = 0 for z ∈ C .

(a.i) Given that 1 and 4 + i are roots of the equation, write down the third
root. [1]

Markscheme

4 − i A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Verify that the mean of the two complex roots is 4. [1]

Markscheme

mean =
1

2
(4 + i + 4 − i) A1

= 4 AG

[1 mark]

Consider the function f (x) = (x − 1)(x

2
− 8x + 17) for x ∈ R .

(b) Show that the line y = x − 1 is tangent to the curve y = f (x) at the
point A(4, 3).
 [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempts product rule differentiation (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for attempting to express f (x) as f (x) = x

3
− 9x
2
+ 25x − 17

f ′(x) = (x − 1)(2x − 8) + x
2
− 8x + 17 (f ′(x) = 3x
2
− 18x + 25) A1

f ′(4) = 1 A1

Note: Where f ′(x) is correct, award A1 for solving f ′(x) = 1 and obtaining x = 4 .

EITHER

y − 3 = 1(x − 4) A1

OR

y = x + c

3 = 4 + c ⇒ c = −1 A1

OR

states the gradient of y = x − 1 is also 1 and verifies that (4, 3) lies on the line
y = x − 1 A1

THEN

so y = x − 1 is the tangent to the curve at A(4, 3) AG

Note: Award a maximum of (M0)A0A1A1 to a candidate who does not attempt to find
f ′(x).

METHOD 2

sets f (x) = x − 1 to form x − 1 = (x − 1)(x

2
− 8x + 17) (M1)

EITHER

(x − 1)(x
2
− 8x + 16) = 0 (x
3
− 9x
2
+ 24x − 16 = 0) A1

attempts to solve a correct cubic equation (M1)

2
(x − 1)(x − 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, 4

OR

recognises that x ≠ 1 and forms x 2

− 8x + 17 = 1 (x
2
− 8x + 16 = 0) A1

attempts to solve a correct quadratic equation (M1)

2
(x − 4) = 0 ⇒ x = 4

THEN

x = 4 is a double root R1

so y = x − 1 is the tangent to the curve at A(4, 3) AG

Note: Candidates using this method are not required to verify that y = 3 .

[4 marks]
(c) Sketch the curve y = f (x) and the tangent to the curve at point A,
clearly showing where the tangent crosses the x-axis. [2]

Markscheme

a positive cubic with an x-intercept (x = 1), and a local maximum and

local minimum in the first quadrant both positioned to the left of A A1

Note: As the local minimum and point A are very close to each other,
condone graphs that seem to show these points coinciding.
For the point of tangency, accept labels such as A, (4, 3) or the point labelled from
both axes. Coordinates are not required.

a correct sketch of the tangent passing through A and crossing the x-axis at
the same point (x = 1) as the curve A1

Note: Award A1A0 if both graphs cross the x-axis at distinctly different points.
 [2 marks]

Consider the function g(x) = (x − r)(x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b )
2
for x ∈ R where
r, a ∈ R and b ∈ R, b > 0.

(d.i) Show that g′(x) = 2(x − r)(x − a) + x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

g′(x) = (x − r)(2x − 2a) + x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
(M1)A1

OR

3 2 2 2 2 2
g(x) = x − (2a + r)x + (a + b + 2ar)x − (a + b )r

attempts to find g′(x) M1

2 2 2
g′(x) = 3x − 2(2a + r)x + a + b + 2ar

= 2x
2
− 2(a + r)x + 2ar + x
2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
A1

2 2 2 2
(= 2(x − ax − rx + ar) + x − 2ax + a + b )

THEN

g′(x) = 2(x − r)(x − a) + x

2
− 2ax + a
2
+ b
2
AG

[2 marks]

(d.ii) Hence, or otherwise, prove that the tangent to the curve y = g(x) at the
point A(a, g(a)) intersects the x-axis at the point R(r, 0). [6]

Markscheme
METHOD 1

g(a) = b (a − r)
2
(A1)

g′(a) = b
2
(A1)

attempts to substitute their g(a) and g′(a) into y − g(a) = g′(a)(x − a) M1

2 2
y − b (a − r) = b (x − a)

EITHER

2
y = b (x − r) (y = b x − b r)
2 2
A1

sets y = 0 so b 2
(x − r) = 0 M1

b > 0 ⇒ x = r OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x = r R1

OR

sets y = 0 so −b 2 2
(a − r) = b (x − a) M1

b > 0 OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ −(a − r) = x − a R1

x = r A1

THEN

so the tangent intersects the x-axis at the point R(r, 0) AG

METHOD 2

g′(a) = b
2
(A1)

g(a) = b (a − r)
2
(A1)

attempts to substitute their g(a) and g′(a) into y = g′(a)x + c and attempts to
find c M1

2
c = −b r
 EITHER

2
y = b (x − r) (y = b x − b r)
2 2
A1

sets y = 0 so b 2
(x − r) = 0 M1

b > 0 ⇒ x = r OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x = r R1

OR

sets y = 0 so b 2
(x − r) = 0 M1

b > 0 OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x − r = 0 R1

x = r A1

METHOD 3

g′(a) = b
2
(A1)

the line through R(r, 0) parallel to the tangent at A has equation

2
y = b (x − r) A1

sets g(x) 2
= b (x − r) to form b 2
(x − r) = (x − r)(x
2
− 2ax + a
2 2
+ b ) M1

b
2
= x
2
− 2ax + a
2 2
+ b , (x ≠ r) A1

A1
2
(x − a) = 0

since there is a double root (x = a) , this parallel line through R(r, 0) is the
required tangent at A R1

[6 marks]

The equation (z − r)(z − 2az + a 2 2 2

+ b ) = 0 for z ∈ C has roots r and a ± bi
where r, a ∈ R and b ∈ R, b > 0.
(e) Deduce from part (d)(i) that the complex roots of the equation
(z − r)(z
2
− 2az + a
2 2
+ b ) = 0 can be expressed as a ± i√g′(a). [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

g′(a) = b
2
⇒ b = √ g′(a) (since b > 0 ) R1

Note: Accept b = ±√ g′(a) .

OR

(a ± bi=)a ± i√ b
2
and g′(a) = b
2
R1

THEN

hence the complex roots can be expressed as a ± i√g′(a) AG

[1 mark]

On the Cartesian plane, the points C 1 (a, √ g′(a)) and C 2 (a, − √ g′(a)) represent
the real and imaginary parts of the complex roots of the equation
(z − r)(z − 2az + a + b ) = 0.
2 2 2

The following diagram shows a particular curve of the form

y = (x − r)(x − 2ax + a + 16) and the tangent to the curve at the point A(a, 80).
2 2

The curve and the tangent both intersect the x-axis at the point R(−2, 0). The points C 1

and C are also shown.

2
(f.i) Use this diagram to determine the roots of the corresponding equation
of the form (z − r)(z − 2az + a + 16) = 0 for z ∈ C.
2 2
[4]

Markscheme

b = 4 (seen anywhere) A1

EITHER

attempts to find the gradient of the tangent in terms of a and equates to 16 (M1)

OR

substitutes r = −2, x = a and y = 80 to form

80 = (a − (−2))(a
2
− 2a
2
+ a
2
+ 16) (M1)

OR

substitutes r = −2, x = a and y = 80 into y = 16(x − r) (M1)

THEN

80
= 16 ⇒ a = 3
a+2
 roots are −2 (seen anywhere) and 3 ± 4i A1A1

Note: Award A1 for −2 and A1 for 3 ± 4i. Do not accept coordinates.

[4 marks]

(f.ii) State the coordinates of C .

2 [1]

Markscheme

(3, − 4) A1

Note: Accept “x = 3 and y = −4”.

Do not award A1FT for (a, − 4).

[1 mark]

Consider the curve y = (x − r)(x − 2ax + a + b ) for a ≠ r, b > 0. The points

2 2 2

A(a, g(a)) and R(r, 0) are as defined in part (d)(ii). The curve has a point of inflexion at

point P.

(g.i) Show that the x-coordinate of P is 1

3
(2a + r) .

You are not required to demonstrate a change in concavity. [2]

Markscheme

2 2 2
g′(x) = 2(x − r)(x − a) + x − 2ax + a + b

attempts to find g′′(x) M1

g′′(x) = 2(x − a) + 2(x − r) + 2x − 2a (= 6x − 2r − 4a)

 sets g′′(x) = 0 and correctly solves for x A1

for example, obtaining x − r + 2(x − a) = 0 leading to 3x = 2a + r

so x =
1

3
(2a + r) AG

Note: Do not award A1 if the answer does not lead to the AG.

[2 marks]

(g.ii) Hence describe numerically the horizontal position of point P relative to

the horizontal positions of the points R and A. [1]

Markscheme

point P is 2
3
of the horizontal distance (way) from point R to point A A1

Note: Accept equivalent numerical statements or a clearly labelled

diagram displaying the numerical relationship.
Award A0 for non-numerical statements such as “P is between R and A, closer to A”.

[1 mark]

Consider the special case where a = r and b > 0 .

(h.i) Sketch the curve y = (x − r)(x

2
− 2ax + a
2 2
+ b ) for a = r = 1

and b = 2. [2]

Markscheme

y = (x − 1)(x
2
− 2x + 5) (A1)
 a positive cubic with no stationary points and a non-stationary point of inflexion at
x = 1 A1

Note: Graphs may appear approximately linear. Award this A1 if a change

of concavity either side of x = 1 is apparent.
Coordinates are not required and the y-intercept need not be indicated.

[2 marks]

(h.ii) For a = r and b > 0 , state in terms of r, the coordinates of points P and
A. [1]

Markscheme

(r, 0) A1
[1 mark]
27. [Maximum mark: 28] 22M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question asks you to explore properties of a family of curves of the type
y = x + ax + b for various values of a and b, where a, b ∈ N.
2 3

On the same set of axes, sketch the following curves for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and −2 ≤ y ≤ 2

, clearly indicating any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.

(a.i) y
2 3
= x , x ≥ 0 [2]

Markscheme

approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y 2

= x
3
A1

including cusp/sharp point at (0, 0) A1

[2 marks]

Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct place with
respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’ or are
 discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct
branch of both curves are seen.

Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks for the
‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.

(a.ii) y
2
= x
3
+ 1, x ≥ −1 [2]

Markscheme

approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y = x2 3

+ 1 with
approximately correct gradient at axes intercepts A1
some indication of position of intersections at x = −1, y = ±1 A1

[2 marks]

Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct place with
respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’ or ‘cross’ or are
discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct. Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct
branch of both curves are seen.

Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks for the
‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.

(b.i) Write down the coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the curve
y = x + 1. [1]
2 3

Markscheme

(0, 1) and (0, − 1) A1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) By considering each curve from part (a), identify two key features that
would distinguish one curve from the other. [1]
 Markscheme

Any two from:

y
2
= x
3
has a cusp/sharp point, (the other does not)

graphs have different domains

y
2
= x
3
+ 1 has points of inflexion, (the other does not)

graphs have different x-axis intercepts (one goes through the origin, and the other
does not)

graphs have different y-axis intercepts A1

Note: Follow through from their sketch in part (a)(i). In accordance with
marking rules, mark their first two responses and ignore any subsequent.

[1 mark]

Now, consider curves of the form y , for x , where b .

2 3 3 +
= x + b ≥ −√ b ∈ Z

(c) By varying the value of b, suggest two key features common to these
curves. [2]

Markscheme

Any two from:

as , x → ∞, y → ±∞

as x → ∞, y
2
= x
3
+ b is approximated by y 2
= x
3
(or similar)

they have x intercepts at x

3
= −√ b

they have y intercepts at y = (±)√ b

they all have the same range

 y = 0 (or x-axis) is a line of symmetry

they all have the same line of symmetry (y = 0)

they have one x-axis intercept

they have two y-axis intercepts

they have two points of inflexion

at x-axis intercepts, curve is vertical/infinite gradient

there is no cusp/sharp point at x-axis intercepts A1A1

Note: The last example is the only valid answer for things “not” present. Do
not credit an answer of “they are all symmetrical” without some reference to the line
of symmetry.

Note: Do not allow same/ similar shape or equivalent.

Note: In accordance with marking rules, mark their first two responses and
ignore any subsequent.

[2 marks]

Next, consider the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x, x ≥ 0 .

(d.i)
2

Show that , for x .

dy 3x +1

dx
= ±
3
2√ x +x
> 0 [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to differentiate implicitly M1

A1
dy 2
2y = 3x + 1
dx

OR A1
dy 3x +1 dy 2
3
= (±)2√ x + x = 3x + 1
dx 2y dx
 2

AG
dy 3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√ x +x

METHOD 2

attempt to use chain rule y 3

= (±)√ x + x M1
1
−
A1A1
dy 1 3 2 2
= (±) (x + x) (3x + 1)
dx 2

1
−
Note: Award A1 for (±) 1

2
(x
3
+ x)
2
, A1 for (3x 2
+ 1)

AG
dy 3x +1
= ±
dx 3
2√ x +x

[3 marks]

(d.ii) Hence deduce that the curve y 2

= x
3
+ x has no local minimum or
maximum points. [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

local minima/maxima occur when

dy
= 0
dx

1 + 3x
2
= 0 has no (real) solutions (or equivalent) R1

OR

, so R1
2 2 dy
(x ≥ 0 ⇒) 3x + 1 > 0 ≠ 0
dx

THEN
 so, no local minima/maxima exist AG

[1 mark]

The curve y = x + x has two points of inflexion. Due to the symmetry of the curve
2 3

these points have the same x-coordinate.

(e) Find the value of this x-coordinate, giving your answer in the form
p√ 3+q
x =
√
r
, where p, q, r ∈ Z . [7]

Markscheme

EITHER
2

attempt to use quotient rule to find M1

d y

dx 2

1
2 3 − 2
3
2
d y 12x√ x+x −(1+3x )(x+x ) 2
(1+3x )

dx
2
= (±)
4(x+x )
3
A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct 12x√x + x and correct denominator, A1 for correct 3

1
−
−(1 + 3x )(x + x )
2 3 2
(1 + 3x )
2
.

Note: Future A marks may be awarded if the denominator is missing or incorrect.

stating or using (may be seen anywhere) (M1)

d y
= 0
dx 2

1
−
3 2 3 2
12x√ x + x = (1 + 3x )(x + x )
2
(1 + 3x )

OR
2

attempt to use product rule to find M1

d y

dx 2

2 3 1
− −
A1A1
d y 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2

2
= (3x + 1)(− )(3x + 1)(x + x) + 3x(x + x)
dx 2 2
Note: Award A1 for correct first term, A1 for correct second term.

setting (M1)
d y
= 0
dx 2

OR

attempts implicit differentiation on 2y M1

dy 2
= 3x + 1
dx

2 2

A1
dy d y
2( ) + 2y = 6x
dx dx 2

recognizes that d y

dx
2
= 0 (M1)

dy
= ±√ 3x
dx

(±)
3x +1
= (±)√ 3x (A1)
2√ x 3 +x

THEN

3 2 2
12x(x + x ) = (1 + 3x )

2 4 4 2
12x + 12x = 9x + 6x + 1

3x
4
+ 6x
2
− 1 = 0 A1

attempt to use quadratic formula or equivalent (M1)

2 −6±√ 48
x =
6

(x > 0 ⇒)x = √
2√ 3−3

3
(p = 2, q = −3, r = 3) A1

Note: Accept any integer multiple of p, q and r (e.g. 4, − 6 and 6).

[7 marks]
P(x, y) is defined to be a rational point on a curve if x and y are rational numbers.

The tangent to the curve y 2

= x
3
+ ax + b at a rational point P intersects the curve at
another rational point Q.

Let C be the curve y 2

= x
3
+ 2 , for x ≥ −√ 2
3
. The rational point P(−1, − 1) lies on
C .

(f.i) Find the equation of the tangent to C at P. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find tangent line through (−1, − 1) (M1)

y + 1 = −
3

2
(x + 1) OR y = −1. 5x − 2. 5 A1

[2 marks]

(f.ii) Hence, find the coordinates of the rational point Q where this
tangent intersects C , expressing each coordinate as a fraction. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)

Note: The M1 mark can be awarded for an unsupported correct answer in

an incorrect format (e.g. (4. 25, − 8. 875)).

obtain ( 17

4
, −
71

8
) A1

[2 marks]

(g) The point S(−1 , 1) also lies on C . The line [QS] intersects C at a
further point. Determine the coordinates of this point.
 [5]

Markscheme

attempt to find equation of [QS] (M1)

(A1)
y−1 79
= − (= −1. 88095 …)
x+1 42

solve simultaneously with y 2

= x
3
+ 2 (M1)

x = 0. 28798 … (=
127

441
) A1

y = −1. 4226 … (=
13175

9261
) A1

(0. 228, − 1. 42)

OR

attempt to find vector equation of [QS] (M1)

21
x −1
(A1)
4
( ) = ( ) + λ( )
79
y 1 −
8

21
x = −1 + λ
4

79
y = 1 − λ
8

2 3
attempt to solve (1 − 79

8
λ) = (−1 +
21

4
λ) + 2 (M1)

λ = 0. 2453 …

x = 0. 28798 … (=
127

441
) A1

y = −1. 4226 … (=
13175

9261
) A1

(0. 228, − 1. 42)

[5 marks]
28. [Maximum mark: 5] 21N.2.SL.TZ0.2
Consider the function f (x) , for −2 .
2
−x
= e − 0. 5 ≤ x ≤ 2

(a) Find the values of x for which f (x) = 0 . [2]

Markscheme

x = −0. 832554 … , x = 0. 832554 …

x = −0. 833, x = 0. 833 A1A1

[2 marks]

(b) Sketch the graph of f on the following grid.

[3]

Markscheme
 A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape. Only if this mark is awarded, award
A1 for approximately correct roots and maximum point and A1 for approximately
correct endpoints.
Allow −1 < x ≤ −0. 8, 0. 8 ≤ x < 1 for roots, x = 0, 0. 4 ≤ y ≤ 0. 6
for maximum and x = ±2, − 0. 6 ≤ y ≤ −0. 4 for endpoints.

[3 marks]
29. [Maximum mark: 25] 21N.3.AHL.TZ0.1
In this question you will explore some of the properties of special functions f and g
and their relationship with the trigonometric functions, sine and cosine.

z −z z −z

Functions f and g are defined as f (z) =

e +e

2
and g(z) =
e −e

2
, where z .
∈ C

Consider t and u, such that t, u ∈ R .

(a) [2]
2

Verify that u = f (t) satisfies the differential equation d u

dt
2
= u .

Markscheme

t −t

f ′(t) =
e −e

2
A1
t −t

f ′′(t) =
e +e

2
A1

= f (t) AG

[2 marks]

(b) Show that (f (t)) 2

+ (g(t))
2
= f (2t) . [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2 2
(f (t)) + (g(t))

substituting f and g M1
2 2
t −t t −t
(e +e ) +(e −e )
=
4

t 2 −t 2 t 2 −t 2
(e ) +2+(e ) +(e ) −2+(e )
=
4
(M1)
2 2
t −t
(e ) +(e ) 2t −2t

=
2
(=
e +e

2
) A1

= f (2t) AG
 METHOD 2
2t −2t
e +e
f (2t) =
2

2 2
t −t
(e ) +(e )
=
2
M1

t −t 2 t −t 2
(e +e ) +(e −e )
=
4
M1A1

AG
2 2
= (f (t)) + (g(t))

Note: Accept combinations of METHODS 1 & 2 that meet at equivalent expressions.

[3 marks]

Using e iu
= cos u + i sin u , find expressions, in terms of sin u and cos u, for

(c.i) f (iu) . [3]

Markscheme

substituting e iu
= cos u + i sin u into the expression for f (M1)

obtaining e -iu
= cos u − i sin u (A1)

cos u+i sin u+cos u−i sin u

f (iu) =
2

Note: The M1 can be awarded for the use of sine and cosine being odd and
even respectively.

2 cos u
=
2

= cos u A1
 [3 marks]

(c.ii) g(iu) . [2]

Markscheme

cos u+i sin u−cos u+i sin u

g(iu) =
2

substituting and attempt to simplify (M1)

2i sin u
=
2

= i sin u A1

[2 marks]

(d) Hence find, and simplify, an expression for (f (iu))

2
+ (g(iu))
2
. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2 2
(f (iu)) + (g(iu))

substituting expressions found in part (c) (M1)

= cos
2
u − sin
2
u (= cos 2u) A1

METHOD 2
2iu −2iu
e +e
f (2iu) =
2

=
cos 2u+i sin 2u+cos 2u−i sin 2u

2
M1

= cos 2u A1
 Note: Accept equivalent final answers that have been simplified removing
all imaginary parts eg 2 cos u − 1etc 2

[2 marks]

(e) Show that (f (t))

2
− (g(t))
2
= (f (iu))
2
− (g(iu))
2
. [4]

Markscheme

2 2
t −t t −t
(e +e ) −(e −e )
M1
2 2
(f (t)) − (g(t)) =
4

2t −2t 2t −2t
(e +e +2)−(e +e −2)
=
4
A1

=
4

4
= 1 A1

Note: Award A1 for a value of 1 obtained from either LHS or RHS of given expression.

(f (iu))
2
− (g(iu))
2
= cos
2
u + sin
2
u M1

(hence (f (t)) ) AG
2 2 2 2
= 1 − (g(t)) = (f (iu)) − (g(iu))

Note: Award full marks for showing that (f (z)) .

2 2
− (g(z)) = 1, ∀z ∈ C

[4 marks]

The functions cos x and sin x are known as circular functions as the general point (
cos θ, sin θ) defines points on the unit circle with equation x + y = 1.
2 2

The functions f (x) and g(x) are known as hyperbolic functions, as the general point (
f (θ), g(θ) ) defines points on a curve known as a hyperbola with equation x − y = 1.
2 2

This hyperbola has two asymptotes.

(f ) Sketch the graph of x − y = 1, stating the coordinates of any axis
2 2

intercepts and the equation of each asymptote. [4]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct curves in the upper quadrants, A1 for correct curves in the
lower quadrants, A1 for correct x-intercepts of (−1, 0) and (1, 0) (condone
x = −1 and 1), A1 for y = x and y = −x.

[4 marks]

(g) The hyperbola with equation x 2

− y
2
= 1 can be rotated to coincide
with the curve defined by xy = k, k ∈ R .

Find the possible values of k. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to rotate by 45° in either direction (M1)

Note: Evidence of an attempt to relate to a sketch of xy = k would be sufficient

for this (M1).
attempting to rotate a particular point, eg (1, 0) (M1)

(1, 0) rotates to ( 1

√2
, ±
1

√2
) (or similar) (A1)

hence k = ±
1

2
A1A1

[5 marks]
30. [Maximum mark: 16] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.8
Let y =
ln x

x4
for x > 0 .

(a) Show that

dy

dx
=
1−4 ln x

x5
. [3]

Markscheme

attempt to use quotient or product rule (M1)

4 1 3
x ( )−(ln x)(4x )
OR A1
dy x −5 −4 1
= 2
(ln x)(−4x ) + (x )( )
dx (x 4 ) x

correct working A1
3

OR cancelling x OR
x (1−4 ln x) 3 −4 ln x 1
= +
x8 x5 x5

=
1−4 ln x

x5
AG

[3 marks]

Consider the function defined by f (x) ln x

x
4
for x > 0 and its graph y .
= f (x)

(b) The graph of f has a horizontal tangent at point P. Find the coordinates
of P. [5]

Markscheme

(M1)
dy
f ′(x) = = 0
dx

1−4 ln x
5
= 0
x

ln x =
1
4
(A1)
1

x = e 4
A1

substitution of their x to find y (M1)

1

ln e 4

y = 4
1

(e 4 )
 =
1

4e
(=
1

4
e
−1
) A1

1
1
P(e 4 , )
4e

[5 marks]

(c) Given that f ′′(x) =

20 ln x−9

x
6
, show that P is a local maximum point. [3]

Markscheme

1
1

(M1)
20 ln e 4 −9
f ′′(e 4 ) = 6
1

(e 4 )

=
5−9

e 1.5
(= −
4

e 1.5
) A1

which is negative R1

hence P is a local maximum AG

Note: The R1 is dependent on the previous A1 being awarded.

[3 marks]

(d) Solve f (x) > 0 for x > 0 . [2]

Markscheme

ln x > 0 (A1)

x > 1 A1

[2 marks]
(e) Sketch the graph of f , showing clearly the value of the x-intercept and
the approximate position of point P. [3]

Markscheme

A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for one x-intercept only, located at 1

A1 for local maximum, P, in approximately correct position

A1 for curve approaching x-axis as x → ∞ (including change in concavity).

[3 marks]
31. [Maximum mark: 27] 21M.3.AHL.TZ1.1
This question asks you to explore the behaviour and key features of
cubic polynomials of the form x − 3cx + d.
3

Consider the function f (x) = x

3
− 3cx + 2 for x ∈ R and where c is a parameter,
c ∈ R.

The graphs of y = f (x) for c = −1 and c = 0 are shown in the following diagrams.

c = −1 c = 0

On separate axes, sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing the value of the y-intercept and
the coordinates of any points with zero gradient, for

(a.i) c = 1 . [3]

Markscheme
 c = 1 : positive cubic with correct y-intercept labelled A1

local maximum point correctly labelled A1

local minimum point correctly labelled A1

[3 marks]

(a.ii) c = 2 . [3]

Markscheme
 c = 2 : positive cubic with correct y-intercept labelled A1

local maximum point correctly labelled A1

local minimum point correctly labelled A1

Note: Accept the following exact answers:

Local maximum point coordinates (−√2, 2 + 4√2).

Local minimum point coordinates (√2, 2 − 4√2).

[3 marks]

(b) Write down an expression for f ′(x). [1]

Markscheme

f ′(x) = 3x
2
− 3c A1

Note: Accept 3x 2
− 3c (an expression).
 [1 mark]

Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of c such that the graph of y = f (x) has

(c.i) a point of inflexion with zero gradient. [1]

Markscheme

c = 0 A1

[1 mark]

(c.ii) one local maximum point and one local minimum point. [2]

Markscheme

considers the number of solutions to their f ′(x) = 0 (M1)

2
3x − 3c = 0

c > 0 A1

[2 marks]

(c.iii) no points where the gradient is equal to zero. [1]

Markscheme

c < 0 A1

Note: The (M1) in part (c)(ii) can be awarded for work shown in either (ii) or (iii).
 [1 mark]

Given that the graph of y = f (x) has one local maximum point and one local
minimum point, show that

(d.i) [3]
3

the y-coordinate of the local maximum point is 2c 2 + 2 .

Markscheme

attempts to solve their f ′(x) = 0 for x (M1)

x ± √c (A1)

Note: Award (A1) if either x = −√c or x = √c is subsequently considered.

Award the above (M1)(A1) if this work is seen in part (c).

correctly evaluates f (−√c) A1

3 3

f (−√c) = −c 2 + 3c 2 + 2 (= −c√c + 3c√c + 2)

the y-coordinate of the local maximum point is 2c 2 + 2 AG

[3 marks]

(d.ii)
3

the y-coordinate of the local minimum point is −2c 2

+ 2 . [1]

Markscheme

correctly evaluates f (√c) A1

3 3

f (√c) = c 2 − 3c 2 + 2 (= c√c − 3c√c + 2)

 3

the y-coordinate of the local minimum point is −2c 2 + 2 AG

[1 mark]

Hence, for c > 0 , find the set of values of c such that the graph of y = f (x) has

(e.i) exactly one x-axis intercept. [2]

Markscheme

the graph of y = f (x) will have one x-axis intercept if

EITHER
3

−2c 2 + 2 > 0 (or equivalent reasoning) R1

OR

the minimum point is above the x-axis R1

Note: Award R1 for a rigorous approach that does not (only) refer to sketched
graphs.

THEN

0 < c < 1 A1

Note: Condone c < 1 . The A1 is independent of the R1.

 [2 marks]

(e.ii) exactly two x-axis intercepts. [2]

Markscheme

the graph of y = f (x) will have two x-axis intercepts if

EITHER
3

−2c 2 + 2 = 0 (or equivalent reasoning) (M1)

OR

evidence from the graph in part(a)(i) (M1)

THEN

c = 1 A1

[2 marks]

(e.iii) exactly three x-axis intercepts. [2]

Markscheme

the graph of y = f (x) will have three x-axis intercepts if

EITHER
3

−2c 2 + 2 < 0 (or equivalent reasoning) (M1)

OR
 reasoning from the results in both parts (e)(i) and (e)(ii) (M1)

THEN

c > 1 A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Consider the function g(x) = x

3
− 3cx + d for x ∈ R and where
c , d ∈ R.

Find all conditions on c and d such that the graph of y = g(x) has
exactly one x-axis intercept, explaining your reasoning. [6]

Markscheme

case 1:

c ≤ 0 (independent of the value of d) A1

EITHER

g′(x) = 0 does not have two solutions (has no solutions or 1 solution) R1

OR

⇒ g′(x) ≥ 0 for x ∈
~
R1

OR

the graph of y = f (x) has no local maximum or local minimum points, hence any
vertical translation of this graph (y = g(x)) will also have no local maximum or
local minimum points R1

THEN
therefore there is only one x-axis intercept AG

Note: Award at most A0R1 if only c < 0 is considered.

case 2

c > 0

3 3

(−√ c, 2c 2 + d) is a local maximum point and (√c, − 2c 2 + d) is a local

minimum point (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a correct y-coordinate seen for either the maximum or
the minimum.

considers the positions of the local maximum point and/or the local minimum point
(M1)

EITHER
considers both points above the x-axis or both points below the x-axis

OR

considers either the local minimum point only above the x-axis OR the local
maximum point only below the x-axis

THEN
3

d > 2c 2
(both points above the x-axis) A1
3

d < −2c 2
(both points above the x-axis) A1
Note: Award at most (A1)(M1)A0A0 for case 2 if c > 0 is not clearly stated.

[6 marks]
32. [Maximum mark: 31] 21M.3.AHL.TZ2.1
This question asks you to explore the behaviour and some key features of
the function f (x) = x (a − x) , where a ∈ R and n ∈ Z .
n
n n + +

In parts (a) and (b), only consider the case where a = 2 .

Consider f 1 (x) = x(2 − x) .

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), stating the values of any axes intercepts
1

and the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points. [3]

Markscheme

inverted parabola extended below the x-axis A1

x -axis intercept values x = 0, 2 A1

Note: Accept a graph passing through the origin as an indication of x = 0 .

local maximum at (1, 1) A1

Note: Coordinates must be stated to gain the final A1.

Do not accept decimal approximations.
 [3 marks]

Consider f n (x) = x
n
(2 − x)
n
, where n ∈ Z
+
, n > 1 .

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to explore the graph of y = f n (x)

for

• the odd values n = 3 and n = 5 ;

• the even values n = 2 and n = 4 .

Hence, copy and complete the following table.

[6]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct value.

For a table not sufficiently or clearly labelled, assume that their values are in the
same order as the table in the question paper and award marks accordingly.
 [6 marks]

Now consider f n (x) = x

n
(a − x)
n
where a ∈ R
+
and n ∈ Z
+
, n > 1 .

(c) Show that f n

′
(x) = nx
n−1
(a − 2x)(a − x)
n−1
. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempts to use the product rule (M1)

A1A1
′ n n−1 n−1 n
f n (x) = −nx (a − x) + nx (a − x)

Note: Award A1 for a correct u dv

dx
and A1 for a correct v du

dx
.

EITHER

attempts to factorise f (involving at least one of nx or (a − x) )

′ n−1 n−1
n (x)

(M1)

= nx
n−1
(a − x)
n−1
((a − x) − x) A1

OR

attempts to express f n
′
(x) as the difference of two products with each
product containing at least one of nx or (a − x) (M1)
n−1 n−1

A1
n−1 n−1 n−1 n−1
= (−x)(nx )(a − x) + (a − x)(nx )(a − x)

THEN

′
f n (x) = nx
n−1
(a − 2x)(a − x)
n−1
AG

Note: Award the final (M1)A1 for obtaining any of the following forms:
 n n
′ n n a−x−x ′ nx (a−x)
f n (x) = nx (a − x) ( ); f n (x) = (a − x − x);
x(a−x) x(a−x)

′ n−1 n n−1
f n (x) = nx ((a − x) − x(a − x) );

′ n−1 n−1 n n
f n (x) = (a − x) (nx (a − x) − nx )

METHOD 2

(M1)
n
f n (x) = (x(a − x))

n
= (ax − x )
2
A1

attempts to use the chain rule (M1)

n−1
′
f n (x) = n(a − 2x)(ax − x )
2
A1A1

n−1
Note: Award A1 for n(a − 2x) and A1 for (ax − x 2
) .

AG
′ n−1 n−1
f n (x) = nx (a − 2x)(a − x)

[5 marks]

(d) State the three solutions to the equation f n

′
(x) = 0 . [2]

Markscheme

x = 0, x =
a

2
, x = a A2

Note: Award A1 for either two correct solutions or for obtaining

a
x = 0, x = −a, x = −
2

Award A0 otherwise.
 [2 marks]

(e) Show that the point ( , f a

2 n( 2
a
)) on the graph of y = f n (x) is always
above the horizontal axis. [3]

Markscheme

attempts to find an expression for f n( 2

a
) (M1)
n n
a a a
fn ( ) = ( ) (a − )
2 2 2

n n 2n n 2
= (
a

2
) (
a

2
) (= (
a

2
) ), (= ((
a

2
) ) ) A1

EITHER

2n
since a ∈ R
+
, (
a

2
) > 0 (for n ∈ Z
+
, n > 1 and so f a
n( 2 ) > 0 ) R1

Note: Accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on a and n.

Award R0 if any conditions/statements specified involving a, n or both are
incorrect.

OR

(since a ∈ R ), raised to an even power (2n) (or equivalent reasoning) is

+ a

always positive (and so f ( ) > 0) R1 n

a

Note: The condition a ∈ R is given in the question. Hence some candidates will
+

assume a ∈ R and not state it. In these instances, award R1 for a convincing
+

argument.
Accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on on a and n.
Award R0 if any conditions/statements specified involving a, n or both are
incorrect.

THEN
 so ( a

2
, fn (
a

2
)) is always above the horizontal axis AG

Note: Do not award (M1)A0R1.

[3 marks]

(f ) Hence, or otherwise, show that f n

′
(
a

4
) > 0 , for n ∈ Z
+
. [2]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

n−1 n−1 n−1 n−1

′
fn (
a

4
) = n(
a

4
) (a −
a

2
)(a −
a

4
) (= n(
a

4
) (
a

2
)(
3a

4
) ) A1

EITHER

n−1 n−1
n(
a

4
) (
a

2
)(
3a

4
) > 0 as a ∈ R
+
and n ∈ Z
+
R1

OR

n−1 n−1
n(
a

4
) , (a −
a

2
) and (a − a

4
) are all > 0 R1

Note: Do not award A0R1.

Accept equivalent reasoning on correct alternative expressions for f n
′
(
a

4
) and
accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on a and n.

Exceptions to the above are condone n > 1 and condone n > 0 .

2n−1
An alternative form for f is (2n)(3) .
′ a n−1 a
n ( ) ( )
4 4

THEN

hence f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 AG
 METHOD 2

f n (0) = 0 and f n( 2
a
) > 0 A1

(since f is continuous and there are no stationary points between x

n = 0 and
x = )a

the gradient (of the curve) must be positive between x = 0 and x =

a

2
R1

Note: Do not award A0R1.

hence f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 AG

[2 marks]

By using the result from part (f ) and considering the sign of f n

′
(−1), show that
the point (0, 0) on the graph of y = f (x) is n

(g.i) a local minimum point for even values of n, where n > 1 and a ∈ R
+
. [3]

Markscheme

′ n−1 n−1
f n (−1) = n(−1) (a + 2)(a + 1)

for n even:

(and (a + 2), (a + 1) are both > 0) R1

n−1 n−1
n(−1) (= −n) < 0

′
f n (−1) < 0 A1

′
f n (0) = 0 and f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 (seen anywhere) A1

Note: Candidates can give arguments based on the sign of (−1) to obtain the R
n−1

mark.
 For example, award R1 for the following:
If n is even, then n − 1 is odd and hence (−1) .
n−1
< 0 (= −1)

Do not award R0A1.

The second A1 is independent of the other two marks.
The A marks can be awarded for correct descriptions expressed in words.
Candidates can state (0, 0) as a point of zero gradient from part (d) or show,
state or explain (words or diagram) that f (0) = 0. The last A mark can be awarded
n
′

for a clearly labelled diagram showing changes in the sign of the gradient.
The last A1 can be awarded for use of a specific case (e.g. n = 2).

hence (0, 0) is a local minimum point AG

[3 marks]

(g.ii) a point of inflexion with zero gradient for odd values of n, where n > 1

and a ∈ R . +
[2]

Markscheme

for n odd:

, (and (a + 2), (a + 1) are both > 0) so f

n−1 n−1 ′
n(−1) (= n) < 0 n (−1) > 0

R1

Note: Candidates can give arguments based on the sign of (−1) to obtain
n−1

the R mark.
For example, award R1 for the following:
If n is odd, then n − 1 is even and hence (−1) .
n−1
> 0 (= 1)

′
f n (0) = 0 and f n
′
(
a

4
) > 0 (seen anywhere) A1

Note: The A1 is independent of the R1.

Candidates can state (0, 0) as a point of zero gradient from part (d) or show,
state or explain (words or diagram) that f (0) = 0. The last A mark can be awarded
n
′
 for a clearly labelled diagram showing changes in the sign of the gradient.
The last A1 can be awarded for use of a specific case (e.g. n = 3).

hence (0, 0) is a point of inflexion with zero gradient AG

[2 marks]

(h) Consider the graph of y = x

n
(a − x)
n
− k , where n ∈ Z
+
,a ∈ R
+

and k ∈ R.

State the conditions on n and k such that the equation

= k has four solutions for x. [5]
n n
x (a − x)

Markscheme

considers the parity of n (M1)

Note: Award M1 for stating at least one specific even value of n.

n must be even (for four solutions) A1

Note: The above 2 marks are independent of the 3 marks below.

2n
0 < k < (
a

2
) A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for the correct lower endpoint, A1 for the correct upper endpoint and
A1 for strict inequality signs.

The third A1 (strict inequality signs) can only be awarded if A1A1 has been
awarded.
2n
For example, award A1A1A0 for 0 ≤ k ≤ (
a

2
) . Award A1A0A0 for k > 0 .
 Award A1A0A0 for 0 < k < fn (
a

2
) .

[5 marks]
33. [Maximum mark: 7] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_3
Let g (x) = x + bx + 11. The point (−1, 8) lies on the graph of g.
2

(a) Find the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

valid attempt to substitute coordinates (M1)

eg g (−1) = 8

correct substitution (A1)

eg ,
2
(−1) + b (−1) + 11 = 8 1 − b + 11 = 8

b = 4 A1 N2

[3 marks]

(b) The graph of f (x) = x

2
is transformed to obtain the graph of g.

Describe this transformation. [4]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve (M1)

eg (x
2
+ 4x + 4) + 7 , h =
−4

2
, k = g (−2)

correct working A1

eg , ,
2
(x + 2) + 7 h = −2 k = 7

−2
translation or shift (do not accept move) of vector ( ) (accept left by 2 and up
7

by 7) A1A1 N2

[4 marks]
34. [Maximum mark: 14] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_10
Let g (x) = p + q, for x, p, q
x
∈ R, p > 1. The point A (0, a) lies on the graph of g.

Let f (x) = g −1
(x) . The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of point A in
the line y = x.

(a) Write down the coordinates of B. [2]

Markscheme

B (a, 0) (accept B (q + 1, 0) ) A2 N2

[2 marks]

The line L is tangent to the graph of f at B.

1

(b) Given that f ′

(a) =
1

ln p
, find the equation of L in terms of x, p and q.
1 [5]

Markscheme

Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in any
order. Please check working and award marks in line with the markscheme, noting
that candidates may work with the equation of the line before finding a.

FINDING a

valid attempt to find an expression for a in terms of q (M1)

0
g (0) = a, p + q = a

a = q + 1 (A1)

FINDING THE EQUATION OF L 1

EITHER
 attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates into equation of straight
line (M1)

eg y − 0 = f
′
(a) (x − a), y = f
′
(a) (x − (q + 1))

correct equation in terms of a and p (A1)

eg y − 0 =
1

ln(p)
(x − a)

OR

attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates to find b

eg 0 =
1

ln(p)
(a) + b

b =
−a

ln(p)
(A1)

THEN (must be in terms of both p and q)

A1 N3
1 1 q+1
y = (x − q − 1), y = x −
ln p ln p ln p

Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 =

1

ln p
(x − q − 1)

[5 marks]

(c) The line L is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation

2

y = (ln p)x + q + 1.

The line L passes through the point (−2,

2 − 2) .

The gradient of the normal to g at A is 1

1
.
ln( )
3

Find the equation of L in terms of x.

1 [7]

Markscheme

Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in any
order. Please check working and award marks in line with the markscheme, noting
that candidates may find q in terms of p before finding a value for p.

FINDING p

valid approach to find the gradient of the tangent (M1)

eg m 1 m 2 = −1, −
1
1
, − ln (
1

3
), −
1

ln p
=
1
1

1
ln( /3)
ln( /3)

correct application of log rule (seen anywhere) (A1)

−1
eg ln(
1

3
) , − (ln (1) − ln (3))

correct equation (seen anywhere) A1

eg ln p = ln 3, p = 3

FINDING q

correct substitution of (−2, − 2) into L equation

2 (A1)

eg −2 = (ln p) (−2) + q + 1

q = 2 ln p − 3, q = 2 ln 3 − 3 (seen anywhere) A1

FINDING L 1

correct substitution of their p and q into their L 1 (A1)

eg y =
1

ln 3
(x − (2 ln 3 − 3) − 1)

y =
1

ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2), y =
1

ln 3
x −
2 ln 3−2

ln 3
A1 N2

Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 =

1

ln 3
.
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2)
[7 marks]
35. [Maximum mark: 8] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.T_5
Consider the function f (x) =
1

3
x
3
+
3

4
x
2
− x − 1 .

(b) Write down the y-intercept of the graph of y = f (x) . [1]

Markscheme

−1 (A1)

Note: Accept (0, −1).

[1 mark]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −4 ≤ y ≤ 12. [4]

Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for correct window and axes labels, −3 to 3 should be indicated on
the x-axis and −4 to 12 on the y-axis.
(A1)) for smooth curve with correct cubic shape;
(A1) for x-intercepts: one close to −3, the second between −1 and 0, and third
 between 1 and 2; and y-intercept at approximately −1;
(A1) for local minimum in the 4th quadrant and maximum in the 2nd quadrant, in
approximately correct positions.
Graph paper does not need to be used. If window not given award at most (A0)(A1)
(A0)(A1).

[4 marks]

The function has one local maximum at x = p and one local minimum at x = q .

(h) Determine the range of f (x) for p ≤ x ≤ q. [3]

Markscheme

61 4
−1.27 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 1.33 (−1.27083 … ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 1.33333 … , − ⩽ f (x) ⩽ )
48 3

(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −1.27 seen, (A1) for 1.33 seen, and (A1) for correct weak
inequalities with their endpoints in the correct order. For example, award (A0)(A0)(A0)
for answers like 5 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 2. Accept y in place of f (x). Accept alternative
correct notation such as [−1.27, 1.33].

Follow through from their p and q values from part (g) only if their f (p) and f (q)
values are between −4 and 12. Award (A0)(A0)(A0) if their values from (g) are given as
the endpoints.

[3 marks]
36. [Maximum mark: 6] 19M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_4
(a) Sketch the graphs y = sin x + ln x and y
3
= 1 + cos x on the
following axes for 0 < x ≤ 9.

[2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.
 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct curve, showing all local max & mins.

Note: Award A0A0 for the curves drawn in degrees.

[2 marks]

(b) Hence solve sin 3

x + ln x − cos x − 1 < 0 in the range 0 < x ≤ 9. [4]

Markscheme

x = 1.35, 4.35, 6.64 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for attempt to find points of intersections between two curves.

0 < x < 1.35 A1

Note: Accept x < 1.35.

4.35 < x < 6.64 A1A1

Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints, A1 for correct inequalities.

Note: Award M1FTA1FTA0FTA0FT for 0 < x < 7.31.

Note: Accept x < 7.31.

[4 marks]
37. [Maximum mark: 8] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.T_4
Consider the function f (x) =
27

x
2
− 16x, x ≠ 0 .

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)

(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for axis labels and some indication of scale; accept y or f(x).

Use of graph paper is not required. If no scale is given, assume the given window for
zero and minimum point.

Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape.

Award (A1) for x-intercept closer to y-axis than to end of sketch.

 Award (A1) for correct local minimum with x-coordinate closer to y-axis than end of
sketch and y-coordinate less than half way to top of sketch.

Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1)(A1) if the sketch intersects the y-axis or if the sketch curves
away from the y-axis as x approaches zero.

[4 marks]

(b.iii) Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent
to the graph of y = f (x) at the point (–2, 38.75).

Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]

Markscheme

y = −9.25x + 20.3 (y = −9.25x + 20.25) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −9.25x, award (A1) for +20.25, award a maximum of (A0)(A1) if
answer is not an equation.

[2 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of the function g (x) = 10x + 40 on the same axes. [2]

Markscheme

correct line, y = 10x + 40, seen on sketch (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for straight line with positive gradient, award (A1) for x-intercept
and y-intercept in approximately the correct positions. Award at most (A0)(A1) if ruler
not used. If the straight line is drawn on different axes to part (a), award at most (A0)
(A1).

[2 marks]
38. [Maximum mark: 8] 18N.2.SL.TZ0.T_4
Consider the function f (x) =
27

x
2
− 16x, x ≠ 0 .

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.

(A1)(A1)(A1)

(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for axis labels and some indication of scale; accept y or f(x).

Use of graph paper is not required. If no scale is given, assume the given window for
zero and minimum point.

Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape.

Award (A1) for x-intercept closer to y-axis than to end of sketch.

 Award (A1) for correct local minimum with x-coordinate closer to y-axis than end of
sketch and y-coordinate less than half way to top of sketch.

Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1)(A1) if the sketch intersects the y-axis or if the sketch curves
away from the y-axis as x approaches zero.

[4 marks]

(b.iii) Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent
to the graph of y = f (x) at the point (–2, 38.75).

Give your answer in the form y = mx + c. [2]

Markscheme

y = −9.25x + 20.3 (y = −9.25x + 20.25) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for −9.25x, award (A1) for +20.25, award a maximum of (A0)(A1) if
answer is not an equation.

[2 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of the function g (x) = 10x + 40 on the same axes. [2]

Markscheme

correct line, y = 10x + 40, seen on sketch (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for straight line with positive gradient, award (A1) for x-intercept
and y-intercept in approximately the correct positions. Award at most (A0)(A1) if ruler
not used. If the straight line is drawn on different axes to part (a), award at most (A0)
(A1).

[2 marks]
39. [Maximum mark: 15] 18N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_9
The function f is defined by f (x) =
2 ln x+1

x−3
, 0 < x < 3.

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the coordinates of the point of inflexion on the
graph of y = f (x). [4]

Markscheme

finding turning point of y = f

′
(x) or finding root of y = f
′′
(x) (M1)

x = 0.899 A1

y = f (0.899048 …) = −0.375 (M1)A1

(0.899, −0.375)

Note: Do not accept x = 0.9 . Accept y-coordinates rounding to −0.37 or −0.375 but
not −0.38.

[4 marks]

Draw a set of axes showing x and y values between −3 and 3. On these axes

(c.i) sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing clearly any axis intercepts and
giving the equations of any asymptotes. [4]

Markscheme
 smooth curve over the correct domain which does not cross the y-axis

and is concave down for x > 1 A1

x -intercept at 0.607 A1

equations of asymptotes given as x = 0 and x = 3 (the latter must be drawn) A1A1

[4 marks]

(c.ii) sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing clearly any axis intercepts
−1

and giving the equations of any asymptotes. [4]

Markscheme
 attempt to reflect graph of f in y = x (M1)

smooth curve over the correct domain which does not cross the x-axis and is
concave down for y > 1 A1

y -intercept at 0.607 A1

equations of asymptotes given as y = 0 and y = 3 (the latter must be drawn) A1

Note: For FT from (i) to (ii) award max M1A0A1A0.

[4 marks]

(d) Hence, or otherwise, solve the inequality f (x) > f

−1
(x) . [3]

Markscheme

solve f (x) = f
−1
(x) or f (x) = x to get x = 0.372 (M1)A1

0 < x < 0.372 A1

Note: Do not award FT marks.

[3 marks]
40. [Maximum mark: 17] 18M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_9
5

Let f (x) =
2−3x

2x
3
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 0 .

(a) The graph of y = f (x) has a local maximum at A. Find the coordinates
of A. [5]

Markscheme

attempt to differentiate (M1)

f
′
(x) = −3x
−4
− 3x A1

Note: Award M1 for using quotient or product rule award A1 if correct derivative seen
4 3 2 5
−15x ×2x −6x (2−3x )
even in unsimplified form, for example f ′
(x) = 2
.
(2x 3 )

−
3

x4
− 3x = 0 M1

⇒ x
5
= −1 ⇒ x = −1 A1

A (−1, −
5

2
) A1

[5 marks]

(b.i) Show that there is exactly one point of inflexion, B, on the graph of
y = f (x). [5]

Markscheme

f
′′
(x) = 0 M1

f
′′
(x) = 12x
−5
− 3 (= 0) A1

Note: Award A1 for correct derivative seen even if not simplified.

A1
5
⇒ x = √ 4 (= 2 5 )

hence (at most) one point of inflexion R1

Note: This mark is independent of the two A1 marks above. If they have shown or
stated their equation has only one solution this mark can be awarded.
 2

changes sign at x R1
′′ 5
f (x) = √ 4 (= 2 5 )

so exactly one point of inflexion

[5 marks]

(b.ii) The coordinates of B can be expressed in the form B(2 a

, b × 2
−3a
)

where a, b∈ Q. Find the value of a and the value of b. [3]

Markscheme

2
2
A1
5
x = √4 = 2 5 (⇒ a = )
5

2 2 6

f (2 5 ) =
2−3×2
6
= −5 × 2
−
5 (⇒ b = −5) (M1)A1
2×2 5

Note: Award M1 for the substitution of their value for x into f (x).

[3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the position of the
points A and B. [4]

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

A1 for shape for x < 0

A1 for shape for x > 0
A1 for maximum at A
A1 for POI at B.
Note: Only award last two A1s if A and B are placed in the correct quadrants,
allowing for follow through.

[4 marks]
41. [Maximum mark: 3] 18M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_2
(a) Sketch the graphs of y =
x

2
+ 1 and y = |x − 2| on the following axes.

[3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.
straight line graph with correct axis intercepts A1

modulus graph: V shape in upper half plane A1

modulus graph having correct vertex and y-intercept A1

[3 marks]
42. [Maximum mark: 4] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.T_4
Consider the function f (x) =
48

x
+ kx
2
− 58 , where x > 0 and k is a constant.

The graph of the function passes through the point with coordinates (4 , 2).

P is the minimum point of the graph of f (x).

(e) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for 0 < x ≤ 6 and −30 ≤ y ≤ 60.
Clearly indicate the minimum point P and the x-intercepts on your
graph. [4]

Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Note: Award (A1) for correct window. Axes must be labelled.

(A1)(ft) for a smooth curve with correct shape and zeros in approximately correct
positions relative to each other.
(A1)(ft) for point P indicated in approximately the correct position. Follow through
from their x-coordinate in part (c). (A1)(ft) for two x-intercepts identified on the graph
and curve reflecting asymptotic properties.
[4 marks]
43. [Maximum mark: 18] 18M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_10
Consider the expression f (x) = tan (x +
π

4
)cot (
π

4
− x) .

(a.i) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for − 5π

8
⩽ x ⩽
π

8
. [2]

Markscheme

A1A1

A1 for correct concavity, many to one graph, symmetrical about the midpoint of
the domain and with two axes intercepts.

Note: Axes intercepts and scales not required.

A1 for correct domain

[2 marks]

(a.ii) With reference to your graph, explain why f is a function on the given
domain. [1]

Markscheme

for each value of x there is a unique value of f (x) A1

Note: Accept “passes the vertical line test” or equivalent.

 [1 mark]

(a.iii) Explain why f has no inverse on the given domain. [1]

Markscheme

no inverse because the function fails the horizontal line test or equivalent R1

Note: No FT if the graph is in degrees (one-to-one).

[1 mark]

(a.iv) Explain why f is not a function for − 3π

4
⩽ x ⩽
π

4
. [1]

Markscheme

the expression is not valid at either of x =

π
4
(or −
3π
4
) R1

[1 mark]

The expression f (x) can be written as g (t) where t = tan x .

(b) Show that g (t) = (

1+t
)
2
. [3]
1−t

Markscheme

METHOD 1
π
tan(x+ )
f (x) = π
4
M1
tan( −x)
4

π
tan x+tan
4
π

M1A1
1−tan x tan
4
= π
tan −tan x
4
π
1+tan tan x
4

2
= (
1+t

1−t
) AG

METHOD 2
 f (x) = tan (x +
π

4
)tan (
π

2
−
π

4
+ x) (M1)

= tan
2
(x +
π

4
) A1

π 2
tan x+tan
g (t) = (
1−tan x tan
4
π ) A1
4

2
= (
1+t

1−t
) AG

[3 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph of y = g (t) for t ≤ 0. Give the coordinates of any
intercepts and the equations of any asymptotes. [3]

Markscheme

for t ≤ 0, correct concavity with two axes intercepts and with asymptote y = 1 A1

t intercept at (−1, 0) A1

y intercept at (0, 1) A1

[3 marks]

Let α, β be the roots of g (t) = k , where 0 < k < 1.

(d.i) Find α and β in terms of k. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1
2

, β satisfy M1
(1+t)
α 2
= k
(1−t)

1 + t
2
+ 2t = k (1 + t
2
− 2t) A1

(k − 1)t
2
− 2 (k + 1)t + (k − 1) = 0 A1

attempt at using quadratic formula M1

α , β= k+1±2√ k

k−1
or equivalent A1

METHOD 2

α , β satisfy 1+t

1−t
= (±)√ k M1

t + √ kt = √ k − 1 M1

(or equivalent) A1
√ k−1
t =
√ k+1

t − √ kt = − (√ k + 1) M1

(or equivalent) A1
√ k+1
t =
√ k−1

so for eg, α ,β=

√ k−1 √ k+1
=
√ k+1 √ k−1

[5 marks]

(d.ii) Show that α + β < −2. [2]

Markscheme

+ β= A1
(k+1) (1+k)
α 2 (= −2 )
(k−1) (1−k)
since 1 + k > 1 − k R1

α + β < −2 AG

Note: Accept a valid graphical reasoning.

[2 marks]
44. [Maximum mark: 4] 17N.1.AHL.TZ0.H_6
(a) Sketch the graph of y = 1−3x

x−2
, showing clearly any asymptotes and
stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.

[4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor
differences in marking or structure.
correct vertical asymptote A1

shape including correct horizontal asymptote A1

(
1

3
, 0) A1

(0, −
1
2
) A1

Note: Accept x =
1

3
and y = −
1

2
marked on the axes.

[4 marks]
45. [Maximum mark: 10] 17N.2.SL.TZ0.T_5
A function f is given by f (x) 2
= (2x + 2)(5 − x ) .

(b.i) Expand the expression for f (x). [1]

Markscheme

10x − 2x
3
+ 10 − 2x
2
(A1)

Notes: The expansion may be seen in part (b)(ii).

[1 mark]

(b.ii) Find f ′
.
(x) [3]

Markscheme

10 − 6x
2
− 4x (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)

Notes: Follow through from part (b)(i). Award (A1)(ft) for each correct term. Award
at most (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A0) if extra terms are seen.

[3 marks]

(d) Draw the graph of f for −3 ⩽ x ⩽ 3 and −40 ⩽ y ⩽ 20. Use a scale of
2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 5 units on
the y-axis. [4]

Markscheme
 (A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)

Notes: Award (A1) for correct scale; axes labelled and drawn with a ruler.

Award (A1)(ft) for their correct x-intercepts in approximately correct location.

Award (A1) for correct minimum and maximum points in approximately correct
location.

Award (A1) for a smooth continuous curve with approximate correct shape. The curve
should be in the given domain.

Follow through from part (a) for the x-intercepts.

[4 marks]

The graph of the function g(x) = 5

x
+ 6x − 6 intersects the graph of f .

(e) Write down the coordinates of the point of intersection. [2]

Markscheme

(1.49, 13.9) ((1.48702 … , 13.8714 …)) (G1)(ft)(G1)(ft)

Notes: Award (G1) for 1.49 and (G1) for 13.9 written as a coordinate pair. Award at
most (G0)(G1) if parentheses are missing. Accept x = 1.49 and y = 13.9. Follow
through from part (b)(i).

[2 marks]

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024