SL 2.

11 Transformations of Functions [155 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 14] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.8

The following diagram shows the graph of y = −1 − √ x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

(a) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the

graph of y = √x for x ≥ 0 to the graph of
y = −1 − √ x + 3 for x ≥ −3. [3]

A function f is defined by f (x) = −1 − √ x + 3 for x ≥ −3.

(b) State the range of f . [1]

(c) Find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5]

(d) Find the coordinates of the point(s) where the graphs of

y = f (x) and y = f (x) intersect. [5]
−1
2. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.SL.TZ1.6
The function f is defined by f (x) = sin qx, where q > 0. The following
diagram shows part of the graph of f for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4m, where x is in radians.
There are x-intercepts at x = 0, 2m and 4m.

(a) Find an expression for m in terms of q. [2]

2qx
The function g is defined by g(x) = 3 sin
3
, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6m.

(b) On the axes above, sketch the graph of g. [4]

3. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.5
The function f is defined by f (x) = sin qx, where q > 0. The following
diagram shows part of the graph of f for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4m, where x is in radians.
There are x-intercepts at x = 0, 2m and 4m.

(a) Find an expression for m in terms of q. [2]

2qx
The function g is defined by g(x) = 3 sin
3
, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 6m.

(b) On the axes above, sketch the graph of g. [4]

4. [Maximum mark: 27] 22N.3.AHL.TZ0.2
In this question you will investigate curved surface areas and use calculus to
derive key formulae used in geometry.

Consider the straight line from the origin, y = mx, where 0 ≤ x ≤ h and m,

h are positive constants.

When this line is rotated through 360° about the x-axis, a cone is formed with a
curved surface area A given by:

A = 2π ∫ y√ 1 + m 2 d x.
0

(a) Given that m = 2 and h = 3, show that A = 18√ 5π. [2]

Now consider the general case where a cone is formed by rotating the line
y = mx where 0 ≤ x ≤ h through 360° about the x-axis.

(b.i) Deduce an expression for the radius of this cone r in terms of h

and m. [1]

(b.ii) Deduce an expression for the slant height l in terms of h and m

. [2]

(b.iii) Hence, by using the above integral, show that A = πrl.

 [3]

Consider the semi-circle, with radius r, defined by y 2

= √r − x
2
where
−r ≤ x ≤ r.

(c) Find an expression for

dy
. [2]
dx

A differentiable curve y = f (x) is defined for x 1 ≤ x ≤ x 2 and y ≥ 0

. When any such curve is rotated through 360° about the x-axis, the surface
formed has an area A given by:

x2 2
dy
A = 2π ∫ y√ 1 + ( ) d x.
dx
x1

(d) A sphere is formed by rotating the semi-circle y = √r 2 − x 2

where −r ≤ x ≤ r through 360° about the x-axis. Show
by integration that the surface area of this sphere is 4πr 2 . [4]
Let f (x) 2
= √r − x
2
where −r ≤ x ≤ r.

The graph of y = f (x) is transformed to the graph of y = f (kx), k > 0.

This forms a different curve, called a semi-ellipse.

(e.i) Describe this geometric transformation. [2]

(e.ii) Write down the x-intercepts of the graph y = f (kx) in terms

of r and k. [1]

(e.iii) For y = f (kx), find an expression for

dy
in terms of x, r and
dx

k. [2]

(e.iv) The semi-ellipse y = f (kx) is rotated 360° about the x-axis

to form a solid called an ellipsoid.

Find an expression in terms of r and k for the surface area, A,

of the ellipsoid.

x2

Give your answer in the form 2π ∫ √ p(x) d x, where p(x)

x1

is a polynomial. [4]

(e.v) Planet Earth can be modelled as an ellipsoid. In this model:

the ellipsoid has an axis of rotational symmetry running

from the North Pole to the South Pole.

the distance from the North Pole to the South Pole is

12 714 km.

the diameter of the equator is 12 756 km.

By choosing suitable values for r and k, find the surface area of

Earth in km correct to 4 significant figures. Give your answer
2

in the form a × 10 q where 1 ≤ a < 10 and q ∈ Z

+
.
[4]
5. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.7
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The graph of f has its vertex at (3, 4), and it passes through point Q as shown.

(a) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1]

2
The function can be written in the form f (x) = a(x − h) + k.

(b.i) Write down the values of h and k. [2]

(b.ii) Point Q has coordinates (5, 12). Find the value of a. [2]

The line L is tangent to the graph of f at Q.

(c) Find the equation of L. [4]

Now consider another function y = g(x). The derivative of g is given by

g′(x) = f (x) − d, where d ∈ R.

(d) Find the values of d for which g is an increasing function. [3]

 (e) Find the values of x for which the graph of g is concave-up. [3]

6. [Maximum mark: 5] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.1

The graph of y = f (x) for −4 ≤ x ≤ 6 is shown in the following diagram.

(a.i) Write down the value of f (2). [1]

(a.ii) Write down the value of (f ∘ f )(2). [1]

(b) Let g(x) =

1
f (x) + 1 for −4 ≤ x ≤ 6. On the axes
2

above, sketch the graph of g.

[3]
7. [Maximum mark: 19] 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.12
π
The following diagram shows the graph of y = arctan(2x + 1) +
4
for
π 3π
x ∈ R, with asymptotes at y = − and y = .
4 4

(a) Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the

graph of y = arctan x to the graph of
π
y = arctan(2x + 1) +
4
for x ∈ R. [3]

(b) p+q
Show that arctan p + arctan q ≡ arctan(
1−pq
)

where p, q > 0 and pq < 1. [4]

(c) Verify that arctan (2x + 1) = arctan (

x
)+
π
for
x+1 4

x ∈ R, x > 0. [3]

(d) Using mathematical induction and the result from part (b),
n

prove that
1 n
Σ arctan( 2
) = arctan( ) for
2r n+1
r=1

n ∈ Z
+
. [9]
8. [Maximum mark: 15] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_10
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f (x) , for
k
=
x

x > 0, k > 0.

k
Let P(p, p
) be any point on the graph of f . Line L 1 is the tangent to the
graph of f at P.

(a.i) Find f ′(p) in terms of k and p. [2]

(a.ii) Show that the equation of L 1 is kx + p 2 y − 2pk = 0. [2]

Line L 1 intersects the x-axis at point A(2p, 0) and the y-axis at point B.

(b) Find the area of triangle AOB in terms of k. [5]

(c) 4
The graph of f is translated by ( ) to give the graph of g.
3

In the following diagram:

point Q lies on the graph of g

points C, D and E lie on the vertical asymptote of g
points D and F lie on the horizontal asymptote of g
point G lies on the x-axis such that FG is parallel to DC.
Line L 2 is the tangent to the graph of g at Q, and passes
through E and F.

Given that triangle EDF and rectangle CDFG have equal [6]
areas, find the gradient of L 2 in terms of p.
9. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_4
Let f (x) = a log 3 (x − 4), for x > 4, where a > 0.

Point A(13, 7) lies on the graph of f .

(a) Find the value of a. [3]

(b) The x-intercept of the graph of f is (5, 0).

On the following grid, sketch the graph of f .

[3]

10. [Maximum mark: 7] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_3

Let g (x) = x
2
+ bx + 11. The point (−1, 8) lies on the graph of g.

(a) Find the value of b. [3]

(b) The graph of f (x) = x

2
is transformed to obtain the graph
of g.

Describe this transformation. [4]

11. [Maximum mark: 5] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_3
Consider the function f (x) = x
4
− 6x
2
− 2x + 4, x ∈ R.

The graph of f is translated two units to the left to form the function
g (x).

Express g (x) in the form ax 4 + bx

3
+ cx
2
+ dx + e where a, b

, c, d, e ∈ Z. [5]

12. [Maximum mark: 10] 19M.1.AHL.TZ2.H_11

Consider the functions f and g defined by f (x) = ln |x|, x ∈ R \ {0}, and

g (x) = ln |x + k|, x ∈ R \ {−k}, where k ∈ R, k > 2.

(a) Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to

g (x). [1]

(b) State the range of g. [1]

(c) Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g (x) on the same

axes, clearly stating the points of intersection with any axes. [6]

The graphs of f and g intersect at the point P .

(d) Find the coordinates of P. [2]

13. [Maximum mark: 20] 19M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_10
The voltage v in a circuit is given by the equation

v (t) = 3 sin (100πt), t ⩾ 0 where t is measured in seconds.

(a) Write down the maximum and minimum value of v. [2]

The current i in this circuit is given by the equation

i (t) = 2 sin (100π (t + 0.003)).

(b) Write down two transformations that will transform the graph
of y = v (t) onto the graph of y = i (t). [2]

The power p in this circuit is given by p (t) = v (t) × i (t).

(c) Sketch the graph of y = p (t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 , showing clearly

the coordinates of the first maximum and the first minimum. [3]

(d) Find the total time in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 for which p (t) ≥
3.

[3]

The average power p av in this circuit from t = 0 to t = T is given by the

equation

1 T
p av (T ) = ∫ p (t)dt, where T > 0.
T 0

(e) Find p av (0.007).

[2]

(f ) With reference to your graph of y = p (t) explain why

p av (T ) > 0 for all T > 0.

[2]
(g) Given that p (t) can be written as
p (t) = a sin (b (t − c)) + d where a, b, c, d > 0, use your
graph to find the values of a, b, c and d.

[6]

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