Practical File

Class XII - Computer Science with Python(083)

Program 1: Program to enter two numbers and print the arithmetic operations like +,-,*,
/, // and %.

Solution:

OUTPUT :
Program 2: Write a program to find whether an inputted number is perfect or not.

Solution:

# Function to check if a number is perfect

def is_perfect(number):
# Initialize the sum of divisors
sum_of_divisors = 0

# Find all divisors of the number

for i in range(1, number):
if number % i == 0:
sum_of_divisors += i

# Check if the sum of divisors equals the number

if sum_of_divisors == number:
return True
else:
return False

# Input a number from the user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is perfect and print the result

if is_perfect(num):
print(f"{num} is a perfect number!")
else:
print(f"{num} is not a perfect number.")

OUTPUT:
Program 3: Write a Program to check if the entered number is Armstrong or not.

Solution:

# Function to check if a number is an Armstrong number

def is_armstrong(number):
# Convert the number to a string to easily iterate over digits
num_str = str(number)
num_digits = len(num_str)

# Calculate the sum of each digit raised to the power of the number of digits
sum_of_powers = sum(int(digit) ** num_digits for digit in num_str)

# Check if the sum of powers is equal to the original number

return sum_of_powers == number

# Input a number from the user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is an Armstrong number and print the result

if is_armstrong(num):
print(f"{num} is an Armstrong number!")
else:
print(f"{num} is not an Armstrong number.")

OUTPUT:
 Program 4: Write a Program to find factorial of the entered number.

Solution:

# Function to calculate the factorial of a number

def factorial(n):
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

# Input a number from the user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is non-negative

if num < 0:
print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")
else:
# Calculate and print the factorial
result = factorial(num)
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {result}.")

OUTPUT :
Program 5: Write a Program to enter the number of terms and to print the Fibonacci
Series.

Solution:

# Function to generate and print the Fibonacci Series

def fibonacci_series(n):

# Initialize the first two terms

a, b = 0, 1

count = 0

# Print Fibonacci series up to n terms

while count < n:

print(a, end=" ")

# Update the values of a and b

a, b = b, a + b

count += 1

# Input the number of terms from the user

num_terms = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))

# Check if the number of terms is valid

if num_terms <= 0:

print("Please enter a positive integer.")

else:

print("Fibonacci Series:")

fibonacci_series(num_terms)

OUTPUT:
Program 6: Write a Program to enter the string and to check if it’s palindrome or not using loop.

Solution :
# Function to check if a string is a palindrome
def is_palindrome(s):
# Initialize pointers at the start and end of the string
left = 0
right = len(s) - 1

# Loop to compare characters from both ends

while left < right:
if s[left] != s[right]:
return False
left += 1
right -= 1
return True

# Input a string from the user

string = input("Enter a string: ")

# Check if the string is a palindrome and print the result

if is_palindrome(string):
print(f'"{string}" is a palindrome!')
else:
print(f'"{string}" is not a palindrome.')

Output :
 Program 7: Write a Program to show the outputs based on entered list.

Solution:
# Function to calculate various outputs based on the entered list
def list_operations(numbers):
# Calculate the sum of the numbers
total_sum = sum(numbers)

# Find the largest number

largest_number = max(numbers)

# Find the smallest number

smallest_number = min(numbers)

# Calculate the average of the numbers

average = total_sum / len(numbers) if numbers else 0

# Print the results

print("Sum of the numbers:", total_sum)
print("Largest number:", largest_number)
print("Smallest number:", smallest_number)
print("Average of the numbers:", average)

# Input the list of numbers from the user

numbers_input = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ")
numbers_list = [float(num) for num in numbers_input.split()]

# Perform operations on the list and display the results

list_operations(numbers_list)

Output :
Program 8: Write a Program to enter the numbers in a list using split () and to use all the functions
related to list.

Solution:

# Function to demonstrate various list operations

def list_operations(numbers):
# Append a number to the list
numbers.append(100)
print("After appending 100:", numbers)

# Insert a number at a specific position

numbers.insert(1, 50)
print("After inserting 50 at index 1:", numbers)

# Remove a specific number from the list

numbers.remove(50)
print("After removing 50:", numbers)

# Pop a number from the list

popped_number = numbers.pop()
print(f"After popping the last number ({popped_number}):", numbers)

# Sort the list

numbers.sort()
print("After sorting:", numbers)

# Reverse the list

numbers.reverse()
print("After reversing:", numbers)

# Find the index of a specific number

if 100 in numbers:
index_of_100 = numbers.index(100)
print("Index of 100:", index_of_100)

# Count the occurrences of a specific number

count_of_100 = numbers.count(100)
print("Count of 100:", count_of_100)

# Copy the list

copied_list = numbers.copy()
print("Copied list:", copied_list)

# Clear the list

numbers.clear()
print("After clearing the list:", numbers)

# Input the list of numbers from the user

numbers_input = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ")
numbers_list = [int(num) for num in numbers_input.split()]
# Perform operations on the list and display the results
list_operations(numbers_list)

Output :
Program 9: Write a Program to enter the number and print the Floyd’s Triangle in
decreasing order.

Solution:

# Function to print Floyd's Triangle in decreasing order

def floyds_triangle_decreasing(n):
# Calculate the total number of elements in the triangle
total_numbers = n * (n + 1) // 2

# Initialize the current number to the total number of elements

current_number = total_numbers

# Print the triangle row by row

for i in range(1, n + 1):
for j in range(i):
print(current_number, end=" ")
current_number -= 1
print()

# Input the number of rows for Floyd's Triangle

num_rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))

# Print Floyd's Triangle in decreasing order

floyds_triangle_decreasing(num_rows)

Output :
Program 10: Write a Program to find factorial of entered number using user-defined modulefact().

Solution:

Step 1:
# fact_module.py

# Function to calculate the factorial of a number

def fact(n):
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
else:
return n * fact(n - 1)
Step 2 :
# main_program.py

# Import the user-defined module

import fact_module

# Input a number from the user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is non-negative

if num < 0:
print("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")
else:
# Calculate and print the factorial using the user-defined module
result = fact_module.fact(num)
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {result}.")

Output :
 Program 11: Write a Program to enter the numbers and find Linear Search, Binary Search,
Lowest Number and Selection Sort using list/array code.

Solution:

def linear_search(arr, x):

for i in range(len(arr)):
if arr[i] == x:
return i
return -1

def binary_search(arr, x):

low, high = 0, len(arr) - 1
while low <= high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if arr[mid] == x:
return mid
elif arr[mid] < x:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid - 1
return -1

def find_lowest_number(arr):
if len(arr) == 0:
return None
lowest = arr[0]
for num in arr:
if num < lowest:
lowest = num
return lowest

def selection_sort(arr):
for i in range(len(arr)):
min_idx = i
for j in range(i + 1, len(arr)):
if arr[j] < arr[min_idx]:
min_idx = j
arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i]

# Input the list of numbers from the user

numbers_input = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ")
numbers_list = [int(num) for num in numbers_input.split()]

# Perform Linear Search

search_num = int(input("Enter the number to search (Linear Search): "))
linear_result = linear_search(numbers_list, search_num)
if linear_result != -1:
print(f"{search_num} found at index {linear_result} using Linear Search.")
else:
print(f"{search_num} not found using Linear Search.")

# Perform Binary Search (requires sorted list)

 numbers_list_sorted = sorted(numbers_list)
print("Sorted list for Binary Search:", numbers_list_sorted)
search_num = int(input("Enter the number to search (Binary Search): "))
binary_result = binary_search(numbers_list_sorted, search_num)
if binary_result != -1:
print(f"{search_num} found at index {binary_result} in the sorted list using Binary Search.")
else:
print(f"{search_num} not found in the sorted list using Binary Search.")

# Find the Lowest Number

lowest_number = find_lowest_number(numbers_list)
print("Lowest number in the list:", lowest_number)

# Perform Selection Sort

selection_sort(numbers_list)
print("List after Selection Sort:", numbers_list)

Output :
Program 12: Write a Program to read data from data file and show Data File Handlingrelated
functions utility in python.

Solution:

# Function to read data

from a file

def read_file(file_path):

try:

with open(file_path,

'r') as file:

data = file.read()

print("Data read

from file:")

print(data)

except

FileNotFoundError:

print("File not

found.")

# Function to write data to

a file

def write_file(file_path,

data):

with open(file_path, 'w')

as file:
 file.write(data)

print("Data written to

file.")

# Function to append data

to a file

def append_file(file_path,

data):

with open(file_path, 'a')

as file:

file.write(data)

print("Data appended

to file.")

# Function to read data

from a file line by line

def

read_file_by_line(file_pat

h):

try:

with open(file_path,

'r') as file:

print("Reading file
line by line:")

for line in file:

print(line,

end="")

except

FileNotFoundError:

print("File not

found.")

# Specify the file path

file_path = 'data.txt'

# Read data from the file

read_file(file_path)

# Write data to the file

write_data = "This is a new

content written to the

file.\n"

write_file(file_path,

write_data)
# Append data to the file

append_data = "This is

appended text.\n"

append_file(file_path,

append_data)

# Read data from the file

line by line

read_file_by_line(file_pat

h)

Output :
Program 13: Write a Program to read data from data file in append mode and usewriteLines
function utility in python.

Solution:

# Function to read data from a file

def read_file(file_path):
try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
data = file.read()
print("Data read from file:")
print(data)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")

# Function to append data to a file using writelines

def append_to_file(file_path, lines):
with open(file_path, 'a') as file:
file.writelines(lines)
print("Data appended to file.")

# Specify the file path

file_path = 'data.txt'

# Read initial data from the file

read_file(file_path)

# Lines to be appended to the file

lines_to_append = [
"This is the fourth line.\n",
"This is the fifth line.\n",
"This is the sixth line.\n"
]

# Append data to the file using writelines

append_to_file(file_path, lines_to_append)

# Read data from the file again to show the appended content
read_file(file_path)
#Program to read data from data file in

append modeaf=open("test.txt",'a')

lines_of_text = ("One line of text

here”,\“and another

line here”,\

“and yet another here”, “and so on and so forth")

af.writelines('\n' +

lines_of_text)af.close()

Output :
Program 14: Write a Program to read data from data file in read mode and count the
particular word occurrences in given string, number of times in python.

Solution:

# Function to count the occurrences of a particular word in a file

def count_word_occurrences(file_path, word_to_count):

try:

with open(file_path, 'r') as file:

data = file.read()

# Convert the data to lowercase to make the search case-insensitive

data_lower = data.lower()

# Split the data into words

words = data_lower.split()

# Count the occurrences of the specified word

count = words.count(word_to_count.lower())

return count

except FileNotFoundError:

print("File not found.")

return 0

# Specify the file path

file_path = 'data.txt'

# Input the word to count

word = input("Enter the word to count: ")

# Count the occurrences of the word in the file

occurrences = count_word_occurrences(file_path, word)

# Print the result

print(f'The word "{word}" occurs {occurrences} times in the file.')

Output :
Program 15: Write a Program to read data from data file in read mode and append the
words starting with letter ‘T’ in a given file in python.

Solution:

# Function to read data and find words starting with 'T'

def find_words_starting_with_t(file_path):
try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
data = file.read()
words = data.split()
t_words = [word for word in words if word.lower().startswith('t')]
return t_words
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
return []

# Function to append words to another file

def append_words_to_file(file_path, words):
with open(file_path, 'a') as file:
for word in words:
file.write(word + '\n')
print("Words appended to file.")

# Specify the file paths

source_file_path = 'source.txt'
target_file_path = 'target.txt'

# Find words starting with 'T' from the source file

t_words = find_words_starting_with_t(source_file_path)

# Append these words to the target file

append_words_to_file(target_file_path, t_words)

# Optional: Read and print the content of the target file to verify
with open(target_file_path, 'r') as file:
print("Content of the target file:")
print(file.read())

Output :
Program 16: Write a Program to show MySQL database connectivity in python.

Solution:

import mysql.connector

con=mysql.connector.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='',db='school')

stmt=con.cursor()

query='select * from student;'

stmt.execute(query)

data=stmt.fetchone()

print(data)
 Program 17: Write a Python program to implement all basic operations of a stack, such as
adding element (PUSH operation), removing element (POP operation) and displaying the
stack elements (Traversal operation) using lists.

Solution:

# Define a class for the Stack

class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.stack = []

# Method to add an element to the stack (PUSH operation)

def push(self, element):
self.stack.append(element)
print(f"Pushed {element} to the stack.")

# Method to remove an element from the stack (POP operation)

def pop(self):
if not self.is_empty():
element = self.stack.pop()
print(f"Popped {element} from the stack.")
return element
else:
print("Stack is empty. Cannot perform POP operation.")
return None

# Method to check if the stack is empty

def is_empty(self):
return len(self.stack) == 0

# Method to display the stack elements (Traversal operation)

def display(self):
if not self.is_empty():
print("Stack elements from top to bottom:")
for element in reversed(self.stack):
print(element)
else:
print("Stack is empty.")

# Create a stack object

my_stack = Stack()

# Perform stack operations

my_stack.push(10)
my_stack.push(20)
my_stack.push(30)
my_stack.display()

my_stack.pop()
my_stack.display()

my_stack.pop()
my_stack.pop()
my_stack.pop() # This will show the stack is empty

Output :
Program 18: Write a program to display unique vowels present in the given word using
Stack.

Solution:

# Define a function to get unique vowels using a stack

def unique_vowels(word):

# Define the set of vowels

vowels = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}

# Initialize an empty stack and a set to track unique vowels

stack = []

unique_vowels_set = set()

# Iterate through each character in the word

for char in word.lower():

if char in vowels:

# If the character is a vowel and not already in the set, add it to the stack

if char not in unique_vowels_set:

unique_vowels_set.add(char)

stack.append(char)

# Display unique vowels

print("Unique vowels in the word:", end=" ")

while stack:

print(stack.pop(), end=" ")

print()

# Input a word from the user

word = input("Enter a word: ")

# Call the function to display unique vowels

unique_vowels(word)

Output :
 Program 19: Write a program in Python to add, delete and display elements from a queue
using list.

Solution:

# Define a class for the Queue

class Queue:
def __init__(self):
self.queue = []

# Method to add an element to the queue (Enqueue operation)

def enqueue(self, element):
self.queue.append(element)
print(f"Enqueued {element} to the queue.")

# Method to remove an element from the queue (Dequeue operation)

def dequeue(self):
if not self.is_empty():
element = self.queue.pop(0)
print(f"Dequeued {element} from the queue.")
return element
else:
print("Queue is empty. Cannot perform Dequeue operation.")
return None

# Method to check if the queue is empty

def is_empty(self):
return len(self.queue) == 0

# Method to display the queue elements (Traversal operation)

def display(self):
if not self.is_empty():
print("Queue elements from front to rear:")
for element in self.queue:
print(element, end=" ")
print()
else:
print("Queue is empty.")

# Create a queue object

my_queue = Queue()

# Perform queue operations

my_queue.enqueue(10)
my_queue.enqueue(20)
my_queue.enqueue(30)
my_queue.display()

my_queue.dequeue()
my_queue.display()

my_queue.dequeue()
my_queue.dequeue()
my_queue.dequeue() # This will show the queue is empty

Output :
Program 20: Perform all the operations with reference to table ‘Employee’ through
MySQL-Python connectivity.

Solution:

import MySQLdb

# Using connect method to connect database

db1 = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","","TESTDB" )

# using cursor() method for preparing cursor

cursor = db1.cursor()

# Preparing SQL statement to create EMP table

sql = "CREATE TABLE EMP(empno integer primary key,ename varchar(25) not null,salary
float);"

cursor.execute(sql)

# disconnect from server

db1.close()
Inserting a record in ‘emp’

import MySQLdb

db1 = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","","TESTDB" )

cursor = db1.cursor()

# Prepareing SQL statement to insert one record with the given values

sql = "INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (1,'ANIL KUMAR',86000);"

try:

cursor.execute(sql)

db1.commit()
except:

db1.rollback()

db1.close()

Fetching all the records from EMP table having salary more than 70000.

import MySQLdb

db1 = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","","TESTDB" )

cursor = db1.cursor()

sql = "SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SALARY > 70000;"

try:

cursor.execute(sql)

#using fetchall() function to fetch all records from the table EMP and store in
resultset

resultset = cursor.fetchall()

for row in resultset:

print (row)

except:

print ("Error: unable to fetch data")

db1.close()
Updating record(s) of the table using UPDATE

import MySQLdb

db1 = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","","TESTDB" )

cursor = db1.cursor()

#Preparing SQL statement to increase salary of all employees whose salary is less than
80000

sql = "UPDATE EMP SET salary = salary +1000 WHERE salary<80000;"

try:

cursor.execute(sql)

db1.commit()

except:

db1.rollback()

db1.close()
Deleting record(s) from table using DELETE

import MySQLdb

db1 = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","root","","TESTDB" )

cursor = db1.cursor()

sal=int(input("Enter salary whose record to be deleted : "))

#Preparing SQL statement to delete records as per given condition

sql = "DELETE FROM EMP WHERE salary =sal”

try:

cursor.execute(sql)

print(cursor.rowcount, end=" record(s) deleted ")

db1.commit()

except:

db1.rollback()

db1.close()

Output:

>>> Enter salary whose record to be deleted: 80000

1 record(s) deleted

>>>