Practical 01

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

char character = 'A';

int integerValue = 42;

float floatValue = 3.14;

printf("Line 1: Character: %c\n", character);

printf("Line 2: Integer Value: %d\n", integerValue);

printf("Line 3: Floating Point Value: %.2f\n", floatValue);

printf("Line 4: Combined: %c, %d, %.2f\n", character, integerValue, floatValue);

return 0;

}
Practical 02
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char name[50];
int age;
float height;
char gender;

// Prompt user for input

printf("Enter your name: ");
scanf("%49s", name); // Read up to 49 characters to prevent overflow

printf("Enter your age: ");

scanf("%d", &age);

printf("Enter your height (in meters): ");

scanf("%f", &height);

printf("Enter your gender (M/F): ");

scanf(" %c", &gender); // Notice the space before %c to consume any leftover newline

// Print the collected data

printf("\n--- Student Information ---\n");
printf("Name: %s\n", name);
printf("Age: %d\n", age);
printf("Height: %.2f meters\n", height);
printf("Gender: %c\n", gender);

return 0;
}
Practical 03
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
float base, height, radius;
float area, volume;

// Input for triangle

printf("Enter the base of the triangle: ");
scanf("%f", &base);
printf("Enter the height of the triangle: ");
scanf("%f", &height);

// Calculate the area of the triangle

area = 0.5 * base * height;

// Input for sphere

printf("Enter the radius of the sphere: ");
scanf("%f", &radius);

// Calculate the volume of the sphere

volume = (4.0 / 3.0) * M_PI * pow(radius, 3);

// Print the results

printf("\nArea of the triangle: %.2f\n", area);
printf("Volume of the sphere: %.2f\n", volume);

// Arrange the results in ascending order

if (area < volume) {
printf("Ascending order: %.2f (Area of Triangle), %.2f (Volume of Sphere)\n", area, volume);
} else {
printf("Ascending order: %.2f (Volume of Sphere), %.2f (Area of Triangle)\n", volume, area);
}

return 0;
}
Practical 04
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int i, j;

// Generate multiplication tables from 2 to 20

for (i = 2; i <= 20; i++) {

printf("Multiplication Table of %d:\n", i);

for (j = 1; j <= 10; j++) {

printf("%d x %d = %d\n", i, j, i * j);

printf("\n"); // Print a new line for better readability

return 0;

}
Practical 05 (a)
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int numSubjects, marks;

int totalMarks = 0;

int count = 0;

char continueInput;

do {

printf("Enter the number of subjects: ");

scanf("%d", &numSubjects);

// Reset totalMarks and count for each new input of subjects

totalMarks = 0;

count = 0;

int i = 1; // Initialize subject counter

while (i <= numSubjects) {

printf("Enter marks for subject %d: ", i);

scanf("%d", &marks);

// Ensure the marks are non-negative

if (marks < 0) {

printf("Marks cannot be negative. Please enter a valid mark.\n");

continue; // Skip the rest of the loop and ask for marks again

totalMarks += marks;

count++;
 i++; // Increment subject counter

// Calculate average

if (count > 0) {

float average = (float)totalMarks / count;

printf("Average marks: %.2f\n", average);

} else {

printf("No valid marks entered.\n");

// Ask if the user wants to continue

printf("Do you want to calculate average for another student? (y/n): ");

scanf(" %c", &continueInput); // Space before %c to consume any newline character

} while (continueInput == 'y' || continueInput == 'Y');

printf("Thank you!\n");

return 0;

}
Practical 05 (b)
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int numSubjects;

char continueInput;

do {

printf("Enter the number of subjects: ");

scanf("%d", &numSubjects);

// Initialize totalMarks and count

int totalMarks = 0;

int count = 0;

for (int i = 1; i <= numSubjects; i++) {

int marks;

int validInput = 0; // To track valid marks entry

while (validInput == 0) {

printf("Enter marks for subject %d: ", i);

scanf("%d", &marks);

// Ensure the marks are non-negative

if (marks < 0) {

printf("Marks cannot be negative. Please enter a valid mark.\n");

} else {

totalMarks += marks;

validInput = 1; // Mark entry is valid

count++; // Increment count of valid marks

 }

// Calculate average

if (count > 0) {

float average = (float)totalMarks / count;

printf("Average marks: %.2f\n", average);

} else {

printf("No valid marks entered.\n");

// Ask if the user wants to continue

printf("Do you want to calculate average for another student? (y/n): ");

scanf(" %c", &continueInput); // Space before %c to consume any newline character

} while (continueInput == 'y' || continueInput == 'Y');

printf("Thank you!\n");

return 0;

}
Practical 06
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n;

long long factorial = 1; // Using long long to handle larger factorials

// Read the value of n

printf("Enter a non-negative integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// Check for negative input

if (n < 0) {

printf("Factorial is not defined for negative integers.\n");

return 1; // Exit the program with an error code

// Calculate factorial using a while loop

int i = 1;

while (i <= n) {

factorial *= i; // Multiply current factorial by i

i++; // Increment i

// Print the result

printf("Factorial of %d is %lld\n", n, factorial);

return 0;

}
Practical 07 (a)
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int rows, cols;

// Get the dimensions of the checkboard

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");

scanf("%d", &rows);

printf("Enter the number of columns: ");

scanf("%d", &cols);

printf("\nCheckboard Pattern:\n");

// Generate the checkboard pattern

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {

if ((i + j) % 2 == 0) {

printf("X "); // Print 'X' for black squares

} else {

printf("O "); // Print 'O' for white squares

printf("\n"); // New line after each row

return 0;

}
Practical 07 (b)
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int rows, cols, squareSize;

char char1, char2;

// Get the dimensions and characters for the checkboard

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");

scanf("%d", &rows);

printf("Enter the number of columns: ");

scanf("%d", &cols);

printf("Enter the character for black squares: ");

scanf(" %c", &char1); // Space before %c to consume any newline character

printf("Enter the character for white squares: ");

scanf(" %c", &char2);

printf("Enter the size of each square: ");

scanf("%d", &squareSize);

printf("\nCheckboard Pattern:\n");

// Generate the checkboard pattern

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {

// Determine if the current square is black or white

if ((i + j) % 2 == 0) {

// Nested if-else for square size

for (int k = 0; k < squareSize; k++) {

for (int l = 0; l < squareSize; l++) {

if (k == 0 || k == squareSize - 1 || l == 0 || l == squareSize - 1) {
 printf("%c ", char1); // Print border character

} else {

printf(" "); // Space inside the square

printf("\n"); // New line after each inner square row

} else {

// Nested if-else for square size

for (int k = 0; k < squareSize; k++) {

for (int l = 0; l < squareSize; l++) {

if (k == 0 || k == squareSize - 1 || l == 0 || l == squareSize - 1) {

printf("%c ", char2); // Print border character

} else {

printf(" "); // Space inside the square

printf("\n"); // New line after each inner square row

printf("\n"); // New line after each row of squares

return 0;

}
Practical 08
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int choice;

float temperature, convertedTemperature;

do {

// Display menu options

printf("\nTemperature Conversion Menu:\n");

printf("1. Celsius to Fahrenheit\n");

printf("2. Celsius to Kelvin\n");

printf("3. Fahrenheit to Celsius\n");

printf("4. Fahrenheit to Kelvin\n");

printf("5. Kelvin to Celsius\n");

printf("6. Kelvin to Fahrenheit\n");

printf("7. Exit\n");

printf("Enter your choice (1-7): ");

scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {

case 1: // Celsius to Fahrenheit

printf("Enter temperature in Celsius: ");

scanf("%f", &temperature);

convertedTemperature = (temperature * 9/5) + 32;

printf("Temperature in Fahrenheit: %.2f\n", convertedTemperature);

break;

case 2: // Celsius to Kelvin

printf("Enter temperature in Celsius: ");

 scanf("%f", &temperature);

convertedTemperature = temperature + 273.15;

printf("Temperature in Kelvin: %.2f\n", convertedTemperature);

break;

case 3: // Fahrenheit to Celsius

printf("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ");

scanf("%f", &temperature);

convertedTemperature = (temperature - 32) * 5/9;

printf("Temperature in Celsius: %.2f\n", convertedTemperature);

break;

case 4: // Fahrenheit to Kelvin

printf("Enter temperature in Fahrenheit: ");

scanf("%f", &temperature);

convertedTemperature = (temperature - 32) * 5/9 + 273.15;

printf("Temperature in Kelvin: %.2f\n", convertedTemperature);

break;

case 5: // Kelvin to Celsius

printf("Enter temperature in Kelvin: ");

scanf("%f", &temperature);

convertedTemperature = temperature - 273.15;

printf("Temperature in Celsius: %.2f\n", convertedTemperature);

break;

case 6: // Kelvin to Fahrenheit

printf("Enter temperature in Kelvin: ");

scanf("%f", &temperature);

convertedTemperature = (temperature - 273.15) * 9/5 + 32;

 printf("Temperature in Fahrenheit: %.2f\n", convertedTemperature);

break;

case 7: // Exit

printf("Exiting the program.\n");

break;

default: // Invalid option

printf("Invalid choice! Please select a valid option.\n");

break;

} while (choice != 7); // Continue until user chooses to exit

return 0;

}
Practical 09
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to calculate factorial

long long factorial(int n) {

long long result = 1; // Using long long to handle large factorials

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

result *= i; // Multiply result by i

return result; // Return the factorial

int main() {

int n;

// Read the value of n

printf("Enter a non-negative integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// Check for negative input

if (n < 0) {

printf("Factorial is not defined for negative integers.\n");

} else {

// Call the factorial function and display the result

long long result = factorial(n);

printf("Factorial of %d is %lld\n", n, result);

return 0;

}
Practical 10
#include <stdio.h>

void draw_rectangle(int width, int height) {

// Draw a rectangle with the given width and height

for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {

// Print '*' to represent the rectangle

printf("*");

printf("\n"); // New line after each row

void draw_square(int side_length) {

// Call draw_rectangle to draw a square

draw_rectangle(side_length, side_length);

int main() {

printf("Drawing Rectangles:\n");

// Draw different rectangles

printf("Rectangle 1 (Width: 5, Height: 3):\n");

draw_rectangle(5, 3);

printf("\nRectangle 2 (Width: 10, Height: 4):\n");

draw_rectangle(10, 4);

printf("\nDrawing Squares:\n");
 // Draw different squares

printf("Square 1 (Side Length: 5):\n");

draw_square(5);

printf("\nSquare 2 (Side Length: 8):\n");

draw_square(8);

return 0;