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Unit 1

Unit 1 of .net

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9 views5 pages

Unit 1

Unit 1 of .net

Uploaded by

ixiixi439
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit I: Introduction to C#

1. Introduction to C#

 What is C#?

o C# is a modern, object-oriented, type-safe programming language developed by


Microsoft.

o Designed for developing applications on the .NET platform.

o Combines simplicity, expressiveness, and flexibility.

 Features of C#:

o Strongly Typed: Ensures type safety.

o Automatic Garbage Collection.

o Rich Standard Library.

o Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) for database integration.

o Cross-Platform Development using .NET Core.

2. Common Language Runtime (CLR)

 Definition:

o The CLR is the runtime environment of the .NET Framework.

o It provides services like memory management, exception handling, and security.

 Key Responsibilities:

o Garbage Collection: Automatically manages memory.

o Type Safety: Ensures code adheres to type-checking rules.

o Intermediate Language (IL) Execution: Compiles C# code to IL and executes it via


Just-In-Time (JIT) Compilation.

o Exception Handling: Manages runtime errors.

o Cross-Language Interoperability: Allows different .NET-supported languages to work


together.

3. Visual Studio and Console Applications

 Visual Studio:

o Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for .NET.

o Features include IntelliSense, debugging tools, and project templates.

 Creating a Console Application:


1. Open Visual Studio.

2. Select File > New > Project.

3. Choose Console App (.NET).

4. Write C# code in Program.cs.

5. Run the program using the "Run" button or Ctrl + F5.

 Sample Code:

using System;

class Program

static void Main(string[] args)

Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");

4. Simple Windows Forms

 Definition:

o Windows Forms (WinForms) is a GUI toolkit for creating desktop applications.

 Creating a Windows Forms App:

1. Open Visual Studio.

2. Choose Windows Forms App (.NET).

3. Design the interface using drag-and-drop tools.

4. Write event-handling code for components like buttons and textboxes.

 Example Code (Button Click Event):

private void btnClickMe_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

MessageBox.Show("Button Clicked!");

5. C# Language Fundamentals
 Variables and Data Types:

o Common data types: int, float, double, string, bool, etc.

o Example:

int number = 10;

float price = 99.99f;

string name = "C# Basics";

bool isAvailable = true;

 Control Structures:

o Conditional Statements: if, else, switch.

o Loops: for, while, do-while, foreach.

 Functions and Methods:

o Syntax:

csharp

Copy code

returnType MethodName(parameters)

// method body

 Example:

static int Add(int a, int b)

return a + b;

6. Enumerations (Enums)

 Definition:

o Enums are a way to define named constant values.

 Syntax:

enum Days { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday };

 Example Usage:

Days today = Days.Monday;


Console.WriteLine($"Today is {today}");

7. Structures

 Definition:

o Structures are value types that can encapsulate data and related functionality.

 Syntax:

struct Point

public int X;

public int Y;

public Point(int x, int y)

X = x;

Y = y;

 Example Usage:

Point p = new Point(10, 20);

Console.WriteLine($"Point: ({p.X}, {p.Y})");

8. Namespaces

 Definition:

o Namespaces organize code and prevent naming conflicts.

 Common Syntax:

namespace MyNamespace

class MyClass

public void Greet()

{
Console.WriteLine("Hello from MyNamespace!");

 Using a Namespace:

using MyNamespace;

class Program

static void Main()

MyClass obj = new MyClass();

obj.Greet();

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