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Algorithm: Binary Search
1. Define a function binary_search that takes a sorted array arr and a
target element target as input. 2. Initialize two pointers, left and right, to the start and end indices of the array, respectively. 3. Enter a loop that continues as long as left is less than or equal to right. 4. Calculate the middle index mid as (left + right) // 2. 5. Compare the element at index mid in the array with the target element. If they are equal, return mid as the index of the target element. If the element at mid is greater than the target, update right to mid - 1 to search in the left half of the array. If the element at mid is less than the target, update left to mid + 1 to search in the right half of the array. 6. If the loop exits without finding the target element, return -1 to indicate that the target element is not in the array.