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R 1m

Igigovovih jjj hi

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4 views5 pages

R 1m

Igigovovih jjj hi

Uploaded by

agashagshagashagsh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are the answers to the questions based on R:

Co1

1. a) CRAN

2. a) RStudio

3. b) R runs only on Windows computing platform and operating system

4. b) Shows default packages in R

5. a) Character string

6. a) >

7. b) Statistics

8. d) Assignment

9. b) Numeric

10. a) FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE

11. c) NaN

12. a) sort()

13. a) seq()

14. a) C()

15. a) typeof()

16. d) 2

17. b) Beans Banana

18. a) “function”

19. b) 3

20. d) Error
CO2

Here are the answers to the questions based on R:

1. **a) rnorm()**

2. **b) mean = 0, sd = 1**

3. **b) pnorm()**

4. **c) qchisq()**

5. **a) runif(100, 0, 1)**

6. **a) rexp()**

7. **a) size**

8. **c) dpois()**

9. **a) rbeta()**

10. **a) rt()**

11. **b) boxplot()**

12. **b) 75th percentile + 1.5 * IQR**

13. **b) boxplot(data, main=”Title”)**

14. **a) qqnorm()**

15. **b) To add a reference line to a QQ plot**

16. **b) qqplot(data1, data2)**

17. **a) hist()**

18. **b) hist(data, breaks=10)**

19. **b) main**

20. **b) hist(data, col=”blue”)**

21. **B) Continuous data**

22. **C) The frequency or count of each category**


23. **B) To compare distributions of multiple groups**

24. **B) Histogram**

25. **B) Median, quartiles, and outliers**

26. **C) Display parts of a whole**

27. **B) The spread of the middle 50% of the data**

Let me know if you need further clarifications!

Here are the answers to your questions:

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. B) A summary of totals in a contingency table


2. B) One-Sample T Test
3. C) To compare two related samples
4. B) Compares the means of two independent groups
5. B) F-Test
6. C) Two-Sample T Test
7. B) The goodness of fit and predictive power
8. C) P-values help assess the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis
9. B) Null hypothesis should be rejected (Since the p-value of 0.04 is less than 0.05, it
indicates the null hypothesis can be rejected)
10. (Missing question)
11. C) They provide a single statistical result for the entire dataset (Group statistics
provide separate results for each group)
12. A) To compare the means of two groups
13. D) Both B and C
14. A) t.test()

Here are the answers to the questions:

1. C) It represents the error or difference between the actual and predicted values.
2. A) A strong negative linear relationship.
3. B) The rate of change in (y) for a one-unit change in (x).
4. B) They measure the goodness-of-fit of the model.
5. A) The independent variable is not statistically significant.
6. B) The relationship between variables is linear.
7. A) The predicted value is higher than the actual value.
8. B) No linear relationship between variables.
9. B) Fitted values.
10. B) To provide a range where a new observation is likely to fall.
11. A) The total variance in y explained by x.
12. A) Whether the model is linear.
13. B) They should be normally distributed.
14. A) The relationship between the variables is perfectly linear and positive.
15. D) It provides a range for the slope coefficient.
16. A) The variance of residuals is constant across all levels of x.
17. B) The value of y when x = 0.
18. A) Prediction intervals are wider because they account for individual variation.
19. A) A strong linear relationship between independent variables.
20. A) To test the significance of the overall model.

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. A) All group means are equal


2. B) At least one group mean is significantly different at the 0.05 level
3. D) Both A and C
4. B) To test for equal variances among groups
5. B) The variances are not significantly different at the 0.05 level
6. A) Use ANOVA with caution or switch to a non-parametric test
7. D) Both A and C
8. C) When comparing the medians of three or more independent groups with non-
normally distributed data
9. A) The samples must be independent
10. B) Outliers can distort the results and lead to incorrect conclusions
11. B) Ordinal or continuous data
12. B) A non-parametric test for related samples
13. C) Homoscedasticity
14. C) The assumptions of normality or sphericity are violated
15. B) To assess the overall significance of the regression model
16. C) The variability explained by the regression model
17. A) The model explains 75% of the variability in the dependent variable
18. B) Conclude that the model explains a significant amount of variance in the
dependent variable
19. C) To compare the means of groups after finding a significant result
20. D) 3D scatter plot

Here are the answers to your questions:

1. **B) A regression technique that models non-linear relationships by using


polynomial terms of the independent variable**

2. **B) It increases the model’s flexibility to fit more complex relationships**

3. **C) It can cause overfitting and make the model sensitive to noise**

4. **B) Polynomial terms are created by raising the original independent variable to
increasing powers**
5. **A) `lm()`**

6. **D) Both A and B**

7. **B) The degree of the polynomial**

8. **D) All of the above**

9. **B) It treats `x^2` as a mathematical operation to add a quadratic term**

10. **D) Both A and B**

11. **B) `ggplot2`**

12. **A) `summary()`**

13. **B) Having more than one observation for each combination of factors**

14. **D) There is a linear relationship between the variables**

15. **B) The main effects of both factors and the interaction effect**

16. **B) The effect of one factor depends on the level of the other factor**

Let me know if you need further clarification or explanations!

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