IR@AIKTC-KRRC

PLANNING, SCHEDULING&ESTIMATION OF
GREEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
By
MASTAN SHAIBAZ SAYEED (17DCE59)
SHAIKH MOHAMMED SHOAIB ATIQUERREHMAN (17DCE75)
SAYYED SHEHBAAZ SAEED AHMED (17DCE70)
KHAN MOHAMMED UMAIR ABDUL JALIL (15CE23)
Under the guidance of
Prof. G.B. Mahajan.

Department of Civil Engineering

School of Engineering and Technology
Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar Technical Campus
New Panvel, Navi Mumbai-410206
Academic year 2019-2020

1
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

PLANNING, SCHEDULING&ESTIMATION OF
GREEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
By
MASTAN SHAIBAZ SAYEED (17DCE59)
SHAIKH MOHAMMED SHOAIB ATIQUERREHMAN (17DCE75)
SAYYED SHEHBAAZ SAEED AHMED (17DCE70)
KHAN MOHAMMED UMAIR ABDUL JALIL (15CE23)
Under the guidance of
Prof. G.B. Mahajan.

Department of Civil Engineering

School of Engineering and Technology
Anjuman-I-Islam’s Kalsekar Technical Campus
New Panvel, Navi Mumbai-410206
Academic year 2019-2020

2
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “PLANNING, SCHEDULING AND

ESTIMATION OFGREEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. “is a bonafide work of MASTAN
SHAIBAZ SAYEED,SHAIKH MOHAMMED SHOAIB ATIQUERREHMAN, SAYYED
SHEHBAAZ SAEEDAHMED, KHAN MOHAMMED UMAIR ABDUL JALIL submitted
to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award
of the degree of “Undergraduate” in “Civil Engineering”

Prof.G.B.Mahajan
(Supervisor)

Dr. R. B. Magar Dr. Abdul

(Head of RazakHonnutagi
Department) (Director, AIKTC)

3
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
APPROVAL SHEET

This dissertation report entitled “PLANNING, SCHEDULING AND

ESTIMATION OF GREEN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING” by MASTAN
SHAIBAZ SAYEED (17DCE59), SHAIKH MOHAMMED SHOAIB
ATIQUERREHMAN (17DCE75)SAYYED SHEHBAAZ SAEED AHMED
(17DCE70)KHAN MOHAMMED UMAIR ABDUL JALIL (15CE23)is
approved for the degree of “Civil Engineering”

Examiners

1. …………………………

2. …………………………

Supervisors:

1. …………………………

2. …………………………

Date:

Place: Panvel

4
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
DECLARATION

We declare that this written submission represents my ideas in our own words

and where others ideas or words have been included; we have adequately cited

and referenced the original sources. We also declare that, we have adhered to all

principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or

fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in our submission. I understand

that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute

and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been

properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.

MastanShaibaz Sayeed (17DCE59) ..............

Shaikh Mohammed Shoaib ..............

Atiquerrehaman(17DCE75)

Sayyed Shehbaaz Saeed Ahmed .............

(17DCE70)

Khan Mohammed Umair Abdul Jalil

(15CE23) .............

5
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to take this opportunity to express our thanks to or guide Prof.
G.B. Mahajan for his constant guidance and encouragement during the time
of completion of our dissertation work. We would never have been able to
finish our project work without his excellent and valuable suggestions during
the dissertation work. These have helped us to gain immense knowledge about
the PLANNING, SCHEDULING&ESTIMATION OF GREEN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING.

We would like to thank my colleagues and friends for their valuable and
timely assistance and their guidance.

6
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
ABSTARCT

This project work deals with the planning, scheduling and estimation of

Green Residential building by using advance Civil Engineering software’s

like AutoCAD, Primavera P6 and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Project

starts with planning of the building using AutoCAD. Further scheduling will

get by using software PrimaveraP6. Estimation of proposed building will be

prepared in Excel.

For making building green & self-sufficient, various energy efficient

systems will get designed & installed in building. During construction also,

cost effective materials are going to be used.

7
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Index
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Genral. ........................................................................................................ 11
1.2 Aim & Objectives of Project. .................................................................... 15
1.3 Scope of Project work. ............................................................................... 15
1.4 Problem Statement ..................................................................................... 16
1.5 Probable solution ....................................................................................... 16
1.6 Expected Outcome ..................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................... 18
2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 19
2.2AutoCAD .................................................................................................... 19
2.3Primavera .................................................................................................... 20
2.4Green building ............................................................................................ 20
CHAPTER 3 ....................................................................................................... 22
3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Planning ..................................................................................................... 23
3.3 Cost Estimation .......................................................................................... 29
3.4 Scheduling.................................................................................................. 49
3.5. Green Building. ......................................................................................... 57
3.5.1 Rain Water Harvesting. ....................................................................... 57
3.5.1.1Designing of underground and overhead water tank for rain water
harvesting and daily municipal water supply. .............................................. 62
3.5.2.GREYWATER. ................................................................................... 65
3.5.2.1 DESIGN OF SLOW SAND FILTER............................................... 68
3.5.3 SOLAR ENERGY ............................................................................... 70
3.5.3.1Green Materials: ................................................................................ 75

ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

List of figures.
Figure 1 Detail drawing ........................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2 Foundation Plan ........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 3First Floor Plan ........................................................................................................... 28
Figure 4 OBS ........................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 5 EPR ............................................................................................................................ 49
Figure 6 WBS .......................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 7 Greywater System(a) ................................................................................................. 66
Figure 8 Greywater System(b) ................................................................................................. 66
Figure 9 Solar System .............................................................................................................. 70
Figure 10 Photovoltaic Cells .................................................................................................... 73
Figure 11 Solar Power System ................................................................................................ 74

List of tables.
Table 1Minimum Size and Width of Different Components of Residential Premises ............ 25
Table 2 Measurement Sheet ..................................................................................................... 29
Table 3 Abstract sheet .............................................................................................................. 46
Table 4 Schedule ...................................................................................................................... 50
Table 5 Gant Chart ................................................................................................................... 54
Table 6 Average rate of rainfall in mm/h................................................................................. 60
Table 7 Distribution of total domestic water consumption ...................................................... 67
Table 8 Comparison of Green VS Conventional paints........................................................... 76
Table 9 Fly ash brick VS Conventional Bricks ....................................................................... 77

ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

CHAPTER 1
Introduction

ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General.

Environmental issues have gained importance in business as well as in public life

throughout the world. Ranging from commercial businesses, government and
other regulatory bodies to citizens all over the world have shown concerns about
this threat of global warming. This has led companies rethink on their business
activities and the concept of green marketing has evolved over a period of time.
Pride and Ferrell (1993) defines green marketing, also alternatively known as
environmental marketing and sustainable marketing, that refers to an
organization's efforts at designing, promoting, pricing and distributing products
that will not harm the environment. Priebe (2010) refers green marketing to
anything from greening product development to the actual advertising campaign
itself. Polonsky (1994) defines green marketing as all activities designed to
generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants,
such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs, with minimal
detrimental impact on the natural environment. The Infrastructure and
Construction Industry in India is the second largest rapidly growing industry after
agriculture with the ongoing and future projects and development of malls, high-
rise residential buildings, family resorts, and commercial businesses
(PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008). This is creating investment and employment
opportunities across various related sectors as well as there are various areas of
concern with its rapid growth. Many organizations within the industry are
supporting green building by publishing educational materials, developing
guidelines and resources, creating training programs and hosting green building
conferences, creating a new level of awareness (Ahn and Pearce, 2007). The
consumers who choose to buy eco-friendly products over conventional options
are given the name green consumers by many marketers. Green Consumer
behavior involves the use and disposal of products as well as the study of how
they are purchased. This means understanding the consumer’s behavior as a
process in purchasing goods and services. Consumers have begun to purchase
green products (Wasik 1996, Ottman 1993, Cairncross 1992, Vandermerwe and
Oliff 1990, Simon 1992). Though the marketing emphasis for many such products
focuses on personal health, convenience, quality, and price, and “green” product
sales have not been nearly as robust 2 as some had predicted,

10
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

The recent proliferation of “green” products may provide some evidence of

willingness-to-pay for public goods (Wiser and Pickle, 1997).

Green Building: - Definition

While the definition of what constitutes a green building is constantly evolving,
the Office of the Federal Environmental Executive offers a useful working
definition. This agency defines green building as: the practice of increasing the
efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials,
and reducing building impacts on human health and the
Environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance,
and removal the complete building life cycle.

11
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines green building as

follows: The practice of creating structures and using processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-
cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and
deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building
design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is
also known as a sustainable or ‘high performance’ building. Both of these
definitions mention life cycle assessment (LCA).
LCA is the investigation and valuation of the environmental, economic, and
social impacts of a product or service. In the context of green buildings, LCA
evaluates building materials over the course of their entire lives and takes into
account a full range of environmental impacts, including a material’s embodied
energy; the solid waste generated in its extraction, use, and disposal; the air and
water pollution associated with it; and its global-warming potential. LCA is an
important tool because it can demonstrate whether a product used in a green
building is truly green.

For planning purpose AutoCAD software is used and by referring bye-laws,

planning is done. AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D
computer- aided design (CAD) and drafting available since 1982 as a desktop
application and since 2010 as a mobile, web- and cloud-based app marketed as
AutoCAD 360.
AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in 1979 called
Interact CAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as Micro CAD, which
was written prior to Autodesk’s (then Marin chip Software Partners) formation
by Autodesk cofounder Mike Riddle.

Primavera Systems, Inc. was a private company providing Project Portfolio

Management (PPM) software to help project-intensive organizations identify,
prioritize, and select project investments and plan, manage, and control projects
and project portfolios of all sizes. On January 1, 2009 Oracle Corporation took
legal ownership of Primavera. Primavera Systems, Inc. was founded on May 1,

12
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

1983 by Joel Koppel man and Dick Faris. It traded as a private company based in
Pennsylvania (USA), developing software for the Project Portfolio Management
market. To help expand its product capabilities, Primavera acquired Eagle Ray
Software Systems in 1999, Evolve Technologies (a professional services
automation vendor) in 2003, Pro Sight (an IT portfolio management software
vendor) in 2006, and, in the same year, Pert master (a project risk management
software vendor).

The traditional approach for scheduling and progress monitoring techniques likes
Bar Charts, CPM; PERT etc. are still being used by the project managers for
planning. These are a serious disadvantage in the decision making purpose, as
they fail to provide the necessary spatial aspects and data of the construction
project. Thus there is a gradual increase in the pressure on the project managers
to shorten the delivery time and decrease the costs involved in the process,
without a decrease in the quality of the product. The current day demand of
construction industry requires a highly accurate planning, scheduling and
management of the process of the project which can enable the overall
optimization of the cost, time and resources (Dr Gopal M. N. et. al. 2011). These
increases in the pressure on the project managers and the current day demand of
construction industry have resulted in an increase in
thenumberofcommerciallyavailablecomputerizedplanningandschedulingtools.
With the advances in the field of information technologies, construction industry
has started taking advantages of some of the developed tools.

Primavera - Project Management Effective project control reaps many benefits.

It allows you to keep a close eye on possible problems before they become
critical. It lets the project team and senior management view cost and scheduling
timeframes based on the reality of the schedule.

Primavera is an appropriate technology for managing construction projects and

can improve the construction planning and design efficiency by integrating and
thematic information in a single environment. It provides capabilities to solve
problems, involving creation and management of data, integration of information,
visualization and cost estimation to which most of the construction management

14
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

software is lacking. In construction management, Primavera leads to the

improvement in collective decision making among planners, designers and
contractors. Primavera can provide a wide range of information to construction
industry with a mechanism for rapid retrieval and manipulation capabilities.

1.2 Aim & Objectives of Project.

To study and summarise the various concepts of planning as objectives of the

project, sequence of works construction methods, planning of resources,
scheduling the project activities, preparing estimation and durations for various
activities to bring about the satisfactory completion of project.
To promote construction of green building through a systematic management.
To achieve long term economy and reliability.
The main objective of the work is to apply the knowledge of civil engineering
and learn and implement it through software’s such as Autodesk AutoCAD and
Prima Vera.
Pursuant to this, following objectives are proposed for this piece of work:
To build sustainable buildings over traditional works
To use natural resources to minimal the time of construction as well as operation

1.3 Scope of Project work.

Based on the aim and objective mentioned in the preceding section, the scope of
the present investigation is outlined asunder:
By doing this project, we will gain knowledge about the application of civil
engineering softwares such as AutoCAD, and Primavera.
A Green Building is one, which in the process of constructing a building, uses
renewable materials, and saves money on light bills, gas bills and water bills. This
method can include using all natural materials but for the most part, it pertains to
saving environment and costs. It is a reflection of the growing concern for
environment and energy, and the awareness that huge consumption also leads to
huge depletion of resources.

14
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

The green building movement has enabled a wonderful market transformation in

the country. Most of the materials are today available within the country.
However, we need more manufacturers involved in green building materials. The
market potential for green building materials & equipment by the year 2012 is
expected to be US$ 40 billion.

1.4 Problem Statement

According to the United Nations Environment Programme, buildings account for

nearly half of the world’s energy expenditures, 40% of greenhouse gas emissions,
25% of the earth’s potable water, and, in developed countries, over 20% of all
solid waste generated (including food waste, yard waste and un-recycled
materials). When we look at these statistics, it becomes clear that adopting
sustainable design strategies is an essential way to move forward to minimise
environmental damage and reduce energy consumption.

1.5 Probable solution

When we look at these statistics, it becomes clear that adopting sustainable design
strategies is an essential way to move forward to minimise environmental damage
and reduce energy consumption.
Sustainable architecture seeks to construct or renovate buildings using innovative
design, renewable materials and energy-efficient technology and in doing so
reduce our dependence on traditional energy sources. Sustainable design
therefore minimises both the initial environmental cost of building (through
reducing material waste and using sustainable products) and the long-term
environmental impact of the building (by constructing efficient buildings that use
only a fraction of the energy required to power and heat traditional buildings).

16
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

1.6 Expected Outcome

We are expecting following outcomes from this project work:-

1. Deep understanding of Green building concept & approaches.
2. Creation of self-sufficient cost effective green building.
3. Knowledge about the application of software’s such as AutoCAD,
Primavera.

16
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

CHAPTER 2
Literature review

16
ir.aiktclibrary.org
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 General

During the literature review for this work, we have referred quite a few technical and
research papers from various national and international journals. This part focuses on
the literature for understanding the concepts of green building, software information
and applications.

2.2AutoCAD

Azidah Abu Zidenet. al. (2012), studied the effectiveness of AutoCAD software in
learning of Engineering Drawing to enhance students understanding. It concludes that
AutoCAD increases the performance of high and medium level students group and
gave a positive impact to study. Effective use of the software proved to be useful based
on the data obtained.

Asmaa G. Salih et. al. (2014) presented the significant revolution with computers
usage in civil engineering business and construction process has been presented.
AutoCAD software is an extremely powerful tool and can be adapted to specific needs
in order to serve the intended purpose of any project. Civil engineering professionals
use this software for variety of infrastructure projects like: land development,
transportation, water projects and road design.

Amol A. Metkariet. al. (2015), proposed Ladies Hostel building for Rajarambapu
Institute of Technology College, Rajarambapu. In that case study, building project,
included real life example of BIM and AutoCAD uses and benefits. Also in the case
study, a prototype building project, examined the 2D, 3D, 4D and 5D model by using
AutoCAD and BIM tools.

Prakash Chandaret. al. (2015), research on Integrating Building Information

Modeling (BIM) and Construction Project Scheduling to Result in 4D Planning
For Construction Project, the conventional 2D drawings are prepared in AutoCAD
2010. The 2D drawing are converted into 3D model in Refit Architecture 2014 and the
Time Scheduling is done in Microsoft office project 2007
ir.aiktclibrary.org

19
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

RaiyanMansooriet. al. (2016) studied the planning and design of Residential

building (G+16) by using AutoCAD and Revit Softwares and taking fourth
dimension as time. In this paper study is restricted to civil engineering construction
planning and scheduling by creating 4D model. Furthermore other dimensions such
as cost, resources, materials etc can be used as the nth dimensions.

2.3Primavera

P.Thangam [2016] investigated about the construction project which was carried out
with lack of planning, scheduling and resource allocation. After using primavera
software in work, it gives improvement. In quality of construction with stipulated cost
and time. The objectives of their study include Preparing of detailed activity plan and
scheduling based on construction project.
To make the schedule and find the critical path using P6 planner software.
Mohammed Zaki Haider[2016] Worked as an intern in NCC (National Construction
Company).In this paper author has highlighted that the main motivation of any project
is to complete project in planned schedule with proper utilization of resources. It also
helps in study of material, manpower and therefore it helps in improvement of
construction management techniques.

Ranjith Kumar et al. [2017] stated that planning and scheduling with Primavera
software provide detailed information about cost control, time management, working
hour management, update and monitoring and delay of activities which enhance
effectiveness in delivering services.
Sangeetha HM [Vol-3 issue 4 2017] dealt with the planning, scheduling and tracking
using earned value analysis and also ensures a comparison between the baseline
duration of project using project management software tool Primevera P6.

2.4Green building
Chandra Shekhar Singh [2018] stated that green practices from building design to
landscaping choices also adopting green building material is an excellent approach to
meet target. Resource efficient materials can maximize function while optimising the
use of natural resources.

ir.aiktclibrary.org

20
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

achna Dhingra [2017] mentioned that construction industry is growing over rapid
pace gaining environmental causes. India will replace Japan as third largest global
market by 2030.But this construction industry is one of the least sustainable industries
in the world as it uses massive non-renewable resource, to resolve this issues one needs
to go in for “sustainable construction” or “green building”.

ir.aiktclibrary.org

21
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

CHAPTER 3
Mythology

ir.aiktclibrary.org

22
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 General

The project of Green Building is software based in which processes such as

planning, scheduling & estimating will be done by the use of software such as
AutoCAD and PrimaveraP6 and Microsoft Excel.

This project consists of three main parts which are as follows:

1. Planning
2. Cost estimation
3. Scheduling
4. Green units

3.2 Planning

Planning of a Green building has been done by our batch as per building Bye-
Laws and IS Code requirement, keeping in mind the accommodation requirement
for 200 people for this purpose, AutoCAD software was used.

ir.aiktclibrary.org

23
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Figure 1 Detail drawing

Principles of Planning (Bye-laws):

Space requirement for various units of building
• Main Building
The plinth or any part of a building or outhouse shall be so located with respect to
average road level from site so that adequate drainage of the site is assured but at a
not height less than 45 cm.
• Interior Courtyards, Covered Parking Spaces and Garages
These shall be raised at least 15 cm. above the surrounding ground level and shall
satisfactorily drained.
• Habitable Rooms Size and Width
The minimum size and width shall be as given in Table no.1

ir.aiktclibrary.org

24
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
Minimum Size and Width of Different Components of Residential
Premises

• Table of Minimum Size and Width of Different Components of

Residential Premises

Sl. Component of Min. requirement for plots Min. requirement for

No Building up to 50 sq plots above 50 sq m.
. m.
1 Habitable Room Area 7.50 sq m. Area 9.50 sq
m.
Width 2.10 m. Width 2.40 m.
Height 2.75 m. Height 2.75 m.
2 Kitchen Area 3.30 sq m. Area 4.50 sq
m.
Width 1.50 m. Width 1.50 m.
Height 2.75 m. Height 2.75 m.
3 Pantry Area Not applicable Area 3.00 sq
m.
Width Not applicable Width 1.40 m.
Height Not applicable Height 2.75 m.
4 Bathroom Area 1.20 sq m. Area 1.80 sq
m.
Width 1.00 m. Width 1.20 m.
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.20 m.
5 W.C. Area 1.00 sq m. Area 1.10 sq
m.
Width 0.90 m. Height 0.90 m.
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.20 m.
6 Combined Bath & Area 1.80 sq m. Area 2.80 sq
W.C. m.
(Toilet) Width 1.00 m. Width 1.20 m.
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.20 m.
7 Store Area No restriction Area No restriction
Width No restriction Width No restriction
Height 2.20 m. Height 2.2 m.
8 Projections Permitted within the setbacks Permitte within the
d
up to 0.75 m. width setbacks up to 0.75 m.
width
Table 1Minimum Size and Width of Different Components of Residential Premises

• OTHER GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:

Kitchen
Every room to be used as a kitchen shall have

ir.aiktclibrary.org

25
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

a) Unless separately provided in a pantry, means for washing of kitchen

utensils, which shall lead directly or through a sink to a grated and trapped
connection to the waste pipe.
b) An impermeable floor;

c) At least a window not less than 1 sq m. in area open directly to an interior or

exterior open space, but not into a shaft and;

d) In residential building 15 m. or more in height, refuse chutes.

Bathroom and W. C

Every bathroom or water closet shall

a) Be so situated that at least one of its walls shall open to external air and shall
have a minimum opening in the form of window or ventilation to the extent
of 0.37 sq m.
b) Not be directly over any room other than another latrine, washing place, bath
or terrace unless it has a watertight floor.
c) Have the platform or seat made of watertight non-absorbent material.

d) Be enclosed by walls or partitions and the surface of every such wall partition
shall be finished with a smooth impervious material to a height of not less
than 1.0 m. above the floor of such a room.
e) Be provided with an impervious floor covering, sloping towards the drain
with a suitable grade and not towards verandah or any other room.
f) No room containing water closets shall be used for any purpose except as a
lavatory.

g) Every water closet and/or a set of urinals shall have flushing cistern of
adequate capacity attached to it.
h) A toilet on terrace having a maximum of 2.2 mt. height shall be permitted
subject to condition that the area of toilet is counted in FAR.

ir.aiktclibrary.org

26
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

i) All the sewage outlets shall be connected to the Municipal Sewerage system.
Where no such system exists, a septic tank shall be provided within the plot
conforming to the requirements

Centreline &Foundation Plan

Centre line and foundation plan is the basic plan which is used for positioning of
columns. Centre line is a line passing through the centre of column. Grid of similar for
a number of columns from centre line plan. Centre line plans help you to understand
the exact positioning of columns on site. Centreline grids for columns are plotted on
land before being excavated.

Figure 2 Foundation Plan

ir.aiktclibrary.org

27
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

First Floor Plan:

Figure 3First Floor Plan

• The first floor comprises of 4, 2BHK flats and 3, 1BHK flat in total of 7 flats.
• Provisions of openings are made to take better advantage from nature (sun,
wind).
• Parking lot is provided on the ground floor to accommodate all types of vehicles
used by occupants of the building.
• Passage way of 1.5m width is provided for easy movement.
• First Floor is the Master Floor for 2nd, 3rd & 4th floor, planned following the
first-floor plan as “typical floor” plan.
• Two doglegged staircases are provided and elevator is also provided.

ir.aiktclibrary.org

28
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.3 Cost Estimation

Cost estimation will be prepared by using Microsoft Excel. From the dimensions on
the drawings, quantities of all items of work will be worked out. Then by referring
DSR rates, costs of items of work & thereby total Project can be determined. The
material to be used will be in accordance with Green Construction such as use of wood
hollow cement blocks and bamboo and discarded material will be employed in the
project. Quantities and costs of these items will be worked out by current market rates.
Estimation or estimating is the process of finding out probable cost to be required for
carrying out proposed work.
Purpose of estimate:
1. To know probable cost of proposed work,
2. To know number of labors of various category to be employed for execution.
3. To know the quantities of various materials to be required for project.
4. To know tools equipment’s required for a project,
5. To seek administrative approval and technical sanction from the department .
Measurement sheet

Table 2 Measurement Sheet

Width/ Height/
Sr. Length
Item Description No. Breadth Depth Quantity
No. (m)
(m) (m)
Earthwork in Excavation in
1
Foundation:
Footing (1.2m x 1.2m) 40 1.60 1.60 1.80 184.32
Footing (1m x 1m) 12 1.35 1.35 1.70 37.18
COMBINED FOOTING
4 2.84 1.6 1.20 21.81
1
2 2 2.45 1.6 1.20 9.41
Shear wall 1 6.45 4 1.2 30.96
STORAGE
1 4.9 2.6 1.46 18.60
TANK4.6X2.3X1.2
Total 302.28 cu m
2 P.P.C. in Foundation
Footing (1.2m x 1.2m) 40 1.6 1.6 0.2 20.48
Footing (1m x 1m) 12 1.35 1.35 0.20 4.37
Combined Footing
4 2.84 1.60 0.20 3.64
1
2 2 2.45 1.60 0.20 1.57
Shear Wall 1 6.45 4.00 0.20 5.16
STORAGE
1 4.9 2.6 0.2 2.55
TANK4.6X2.3X1.2
Total 37.77 cu m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
29
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3
Column
size (0.3x0.3) 65 0.30 0.30 15.00 87.75 cu m
4 CONCRETE
Footing (1.2m x 1.2m) 40 1.19 47.60
Footing (1m x 1m) 13 0.54 6.97
COMBINED
4 5.45 21.80
1
2 2 4.30 8.60
TOTAL 84.97 cu m
Shear wall 3 3.30 0.20 15.00 29.70
1 4.05 0.20 15.00 12.15
TOTAL 41.85 cu m
WATER TANK
UNDER GROUND 2 5.20 1.20 0.30 3.74
4.6X2.3X1.2 2 2.08 1.20 0.30 1.50
SLAB 1 5.20 2.60 0.13 1.76
OVERHEAD 2 5.60 1.00 0.15 1.68
(5X3X1) 2 3.00 1.00 0.15 0.90
SLAB 2 5.30 3.30 0.13 4.55
TOTAL 14.13 cu m
Plinth Beam
5
(230x230mm)
PB 1 2 4.90 0.23 0.60 1.35
PB 2 2 3.03 0.23 0.60 0.84
PB 3 2 1.48 0.23 0.60 0.41
PB 4 1 3.93 0.23 0.60 0.54
PB 5 6 1.93 0.23 0.60 1.60
PB 6 2 2.28 0.23 0.60 0.63
PB 7 2 2.64 0.23 0.60 0.73
PB 8 5 2.39 0.23 0.60 1.65
PB 9 4 1.43 0.23 0.60 0.79
PB 10 2 2.40 0.23 0.60 0.66
PB 11 2 3.74 0.23 0.60 1.03
PB 12 2 4.26 0.23 0.60 1.18
PB 13 4 2.94 0.23 0.60 1.62
PB 14 1 5.09 0.23 0.60 0.70
PB 15 2 4.26 0.23 0.60 1.18
PB 16 4 4.47 0.23 0.60 2.47
PB 17 1 5.31 0.23 0.60 0.73
PB 18 1 1.13 0.23 0.60 0.16
PB 19 2 3.73 0.23 0.60 1.03
PB 20 1 5.50 0.23 0.60 0.76
PB 21 1 6.25 0.23 0.60 0.86
PB 22 1 2.70 0.23 0.60 0.37
PB 23 1 1.98 0.23 0.60 0.27
PB 24 1 4.50 0.23 0.60 0.62
PB 25 1 3.95 0.23 0.60 0.55

ir.aiktclibrary.org
30
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
PB 27 2 1.21 0.23 0.60 0.33
PB 28 2 1.33 0.23 0.60 0.37
PB 29 3 2.22 0.23 0.60 0.92
PB 30 3 2.60 0.23 0.60 1.08
PB 31 2 2.83 0.23 0.60 0.78
PB 32 2 5.66 0.23 0.60 1.56
PB 33 2 4.17 0.23 0.60 1.15
PB 34 2 4.32 0.23 0.60 1.19
PB 35 2 4.24 0.23 0.60 1.17
PB 36 2 1.55 0.23 0.60 0.43
PB 37 2 3.39 0.23 0.60 0.94
PB 38 2 3.35 0.23 0.60 0.92
PB 39 4 3.80 0.23 0.60 2.10
PB 40 3 2.28 0.23 0.60 0.94
PB 41 3 4.20 0.23 0.60 1.74
PB 42 2 1.20 0.23 0.60 0.33
PB 43 3 4.32 0.23 0.60 1.79
PB44 1 5.01 0.23 0.60 0.69
PB45 2 2.40 0.23 0.60 0.66
PB46 1 5.17 0.23 0.60 0.71
Total 43.30
Floor Beam
6
(230x300mm)
FB1 5 4.90 0.23 0.43 2.42
FB2 10 3.03 0.23 0.43 3.00
FB3 10 1.48 0.23 0.43 1.46
FB4 1 3.93 0.23 0.43 0.39
FB5 30 1.93 0.23 0.43 5.73
FB6 10 2.28 0.23 0.43 2.25
FB7 10 2.64 0.23 0.43 2.61
FB8 25 2.39 0.23 0.43 5.91
FB9 20 1.43 0.23 0.43 2.83
FB10 10 2.40 0.23 0.43 2.37
FB11 10 3.74 0.23 0.43 3.70
FB12 10 4.26 0.23 0.43 4.21
FB13 20 2.94 0.23 0.43 5.82
FB14 5 5.09 0.23 0.43 2.52
FB15 10 4.26 0.23 0.43 4.21
FB16 20 4.47 0.23 0.43 8.84
FB17 5 5.31 0.23 0.43 2.63
FB18 5 1.13 0.23 0.43 0.56
FB19 10 3.73 0.23 0.43 3.69
FB20 5 5.50 0.23 0.43 2.72
FB21 5 6.25 0.23 0.43 3.09
FB22 5 2.70 0.23 0.43 1.34
FB23 10 1.98 0.23 0.43 1.96

ir.aiktclibrary.org
31
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

FB24 5 4.50 0.23 0.43 2.23

FB25 5 3.95 0.23 0.43 1.95
FB26 5 5.55 0.23 0.43 2.74
FB27 10 1.21 0.23 0.43 1.20
FB28 10 1.33 0.23 0.43 1.32
FB29 15 2.22 0.23 0.43 3.29
FB30 15 2.60 0.23 0.43 3.86
FB31 10 2.83 0.23 0.43 2.80
FB32 10 5.66 0.23 0.43 5.60
FB33 10 4.17 0.23 0.43 4.12
FB34 10 4.32 0.23 0.43 4.27
FB35 10 4.24 0.23 0.43 4.19
FB36 10 1.55 0.23 0.43 1.53
FB37 10 3.39 0.23 0.43 3.35
FB38 10 3.35 0.23 0.43 3.31
FB39 20 3.80 0.23 0.43 7.52
FB40 15 2.28 0.23 0.43 3.38
FB41 15 4.20 0.23 0.43 6.23
FB42 10 1.20 0.23 0.43 1.19
FB43 15 4.32 0.23 0.43 6.41
FB44 5 5.01 0.23 0.43 2.48
FB45 10 2.40 0.23 0.43 2.37
FB46 5 5.17 0.23 0.43 2.56
Total 152.16 cu m
7 STAIR CASE
FLIGHT 20 2.38 1.50 0.13 9.28
STEP AREA 180 0.02 1.50 5.40
LANDING 40 1.50 1.50 0.13 11.70
Total 26.38 cu m
8 CHAJJA
WINDOW 1 32 2.74 0.23 1.00 20.17
WINDOW 2 10 2.20 0.23 1.00 5.06
VENTILATION 56 1.00 0.23 1.00 12.88
Total 38.11 cu m
9 SLAB
S1 10 2.89 3.01 0.13 11.31
S2 10 1.27 3.42 0.13 5.65
S3 10 3.87 3.42 0.13 17.21
S4 10 4.39 4.24 0.13 24.20
S5 10 3.87 5.84 0.13 29.38
S6 5 2.67 2.35 0.13 4.08
S7 5 4.27 2.35 0.13 6.52
S8 5 2.67 4.39 0.13 7.62
S9 5 4.27 4.39 0.13 12.18
S10 5 2.67 2.29 0.13 3.97
S11 5 4.27 2.29 0.13 6.36

ir.aiktclibrary.org
32
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

S12 10 4.48 3.53 0.13 20.56

S13 10 4.51 3.63 0.13 21.28
S14 10 2.46 1.50 0.13 4.80
S15 10 2.46 4.30 0.13 13.75
S16 10 2.47 5.99 0.13 19.23
S17 10 3.81 2.00 0.13 9.91
S18 10 4.33 2.00 0.13 11.26
S19 10 2.97 4.51 0.13 17.41
S20 10 2.67 2.00 0.13 6.94
S21 10 2.67 4.47 0.13 15.52
S22 1 5.16 3.01 0.13 2.02
S23 1 4.74 3.01 0.13 1.85
LIFT & PASSAGE 1 62.38 0.13 8.11
Total 281.12 cu m
foundation
plinth filling
1.Boulder 1 607.01 0.20 121.40
Deduction
plinth beam 1 14.43 14.43
Shear wall 1 7.35 0.20 0.20 0.29
TOTAL 106.68 cu m
2.Moorum 1 607.01 0.20 121.40
Deduction
plinth beam 1 14.43 14.43
Shear wall 1 7.35 0.20 0.20 0.29
TOTAL 106.68 cu m
3.Pcc 607.01 0.20 121.40
Deduction
plinth beam 1 14.43 14.43
Shear wall 1 7.35 0.20 0.20 0.29
TOTAL 106.68 cu m
PLASTERING
(INTERNAL)
SLAB
2BHK BEDROOM (3.05X3.75m) 16 3.05 3.75 183.00
BEDROOM (3.05X3.60m) 16 3.05 3.60 175.68
LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 8 3.95 4.15 131.14
LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 8 3.95 3.75 118.50
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 8 2.60 2.45 50.96
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 8 2.60 2.20 45.76
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 8 1.20 2.20 21.12
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.35m) 8 1.20 1.35 12.96
1BHK BEDROOM (2.75X3.65m) 4 2.75 3.65 40.15
BEDROOM (2.75X3.05m) 8 2.75 3.05 67.10
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 8 3.05 3.80 92.72
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 4 3.00 3.90 46.80
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 8 2.60 2.30 47.84

ir.aiktclibrary.org
33
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 4 2.45 2.45 24.01

ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 4 1.20 1.90 9.12
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 8 1.20 1.50 14.40
2BHK PASSAGE 1 8 1.35 1.65 17.82
2 8 1.35 1.45 15.66
1BHK 3 4 1.20 1.60 7.68
4 8 1.20 1.60 15.36
5 CORIDOOR 1 32.62 32.62
A TOTAL 1170.40 Sq m
SIDE WALL
BEDROOM
2BHK 32 3.05 3.00 292.80
(3.05X3.75m)
BEDROOM
32 3.05 3.00 292.80
(3.05X3.60m)
LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 16 3.95 3.00 189.60
LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 16 3.95 3.00 189.60
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 16 2.60 3.00 124.80
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 16 2.60 3.00 124.80
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.35m) 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
BEDROOM
1BHK 32 2.75 3.00 264.00
(2.75X3.65m)
BEDROOM
16 2.75 3.00 132.00
(2.75X3.05m)
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 16 3.05 3.00 146.40
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 8 3.00 3.00 72.00
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 8 2.60 3.00 62.40
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 4 2.45 3.00 29.40
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 8 1.20 3.00 28.80
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
2BHK PASSAGE 1 8 1.35 3.00 32.40
2 8 1.35 3.00 32.40
1BHK 3 4 1.20 3.00 14.40
4 8 1.20 3.00 28.80
5 CORIDOOR 1 59.53 3.00 178.59
B TOTAL 2408.79 Sq m
SIDE WALL
BEDROOM
2BHK 32 3.75 3.00 360.00
(3.05X3.75m)
BEDROOM
32 3.60 3.00 345.60
(3.05X3.60m)

ir.aiktclibrary.org
34
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 16 4.15 3.00 199.20

LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 16 3.75 3.00 180.00
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 16 2.45 3.00 117.60
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 16 2.20 3.00 105.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 16 2.20 3.00 105.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.35m) 16 1.35 3.00 64.80
BEDROOM
1BHK 32 3.65 3.00 350.40
(2.75X3.65m)
BEDROOM
16 3.05 3.00 146.40
(2.75X3.05m)
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 16 3.80 3.00 182.40
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 8 3.90 3.00 93.60
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 16 2.30 3.00 110.40
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 8 2.45 3.00 58.80
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 8 1.90 3.00 45.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 16 1.50 3.00 72.00
2BHK PASSAGE 1 8 1.65 3.00 39.60
2 8 1.45 3.00 34.80
1BHK 3 4 1.60 3.00 19.20
4 8 1.60 3.00 38.40
5 CORIDOOR 1 59.53 3.00 178.59
C TOTAL 2848.59 Sq m
deduction
DOORS (D) 1X2.3 72 1.00 2.30 165.60
DOORS (D1) 0.9X2.3 44 0.90 2.30 91.08
DOORS (D2) 0.75X2.3 56 0.75 2.30 96.60
DOORS (FD) 40 1.50 2.30 138.00
OPENING OP 1X2.3 76 1.00 2.30 174.80
WINDOW W 4 1.50 2.15 12.90
WINDOW W1 1.5X2.5 32 1.20 2.15 82.56
WINDOW W2 32 0.90 2.15 61.92
WINDOW W4 24 0.45 1.20 12.96
D TOTAL 836.42 Sq m
STAIRCASE
LONG WALL 4 5.00 18.00 360.00
DEDUCTION
STEPS AND LANDING 20 0.55 11.00
E TOTAL 349.00 Sq m
SHORT WALL 2 3.00 18.00 108.00
DEDUCTION
WINDOW 10 1.80 1.20 21.60
F TOTAL 86.40 Sq m
GROUND
FLOOR/PARKING
TOTAL AREA SLAB 607.01 607.01

ir.aiktclibrary.org
35
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

DEDUCTION
COLUMN 65 0.30 0.30 5.85
DUCT 1 4.85 3.55 17.22
2 3.95 3.30 26.07
2 1.70 1.65 5.61
1 1.05 1.25 1.31
2 1.65 1.00 3.30
2 1.65 1.25 4.13
STAIR 2 5.30 3.30 34.98
G TOTAL 508.54 Sq m
SIDE WALL
2 4.85 3.00 29.10
2 3.95 3.00 23.70
1 1.70 3.00 5.10
2 1.05 3.00 6.30
2 1.65 3.00 9.90
2 1.65 3.00 9.90
2 5.30 3.00 31.80
2 3.55 3.00 21.30
2 3.30 3.00 19.80
2 1.65 3.00 9.90
2 1.25 3.00 7.50
2 1.00 3.00 6.00
2 1.25 3.00 7.50
2 3.30 3.00 19.80
H TOTAL 207.60 Sq m
A+B+C-
NET 6742.90 Sq m
D+E+F+G+H
EXTERNAL PLASTER
TOTAL AREA 1 151.84 12.00 1822.08
DEDUCTION
W 4 1.50 2.15 12.90
W1 32 1.20 2.15 82.56
FD 40 1.50 2.30 138.00
STAIR WINDOW W3 10 1.80 1.20 21.60
TOTAL 1567.02 Sq m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
36
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

FLOORING
BEDROOM
16 3.05 3.75 183.00
(3.05X3.75m)
BEDROOM
16 3.05 3.60 175.68
(3.05X3.60m)
LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 8 3.95 4.15 131.14
LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 8 3.95 3.75 118.50
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 8 2.60 2.45 50.96
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 8 2.60 2.20 45.76
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 8 1.20 2.20 21.12
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.35m) 8 1.20 1.35 12.96
BEDROOM
4 2.75 3.65 40.15
(2.75X3.65m)
BEDROOM
8 2.75 3.05 67.10
(2.75X3.05m)
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 8 3.05 3.80 92.72
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 4 3.00 3.90 46.80
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 8 2.60 2.30 47.84
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 4 2.45 2.45 24.01
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 4 1.20 1.90 9.12
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 8 1.20 1.50 14.40
PASSAGE 1 8 1.35 1.65 17.82
2 8 1.35 1.45 15.66
3 4 1.20 1.60 7.68
4 8 1.20 1.60 15.36
5 CORIDOOR 1 32.62 32.62
WC 1.2X2.05 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
16 2.05 3.00 98.40
WC 1.2X2.0 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
16 2.00 3.00 96.00
WC 1.35X1.80 32 1.35 3.00 129.60
32 1.80 3.00 172.80
WC 1.2X1.90 8 1.20 3.00 28.80
8 1.90 3.00 45.60
WC 1.2X2.15 8 2.15 3.00 51.60
8 2.15 3.00 51.60
WC 1.35X2.4 16 1.35 3.00 64.80
16 2.40 3.00 115.20
ADDITION
DOORS (D) 1X2.3 72 1.00 0.15 10.80
DOORS (D1) 0.9X2.3 44 0.90 0.15 5.94
DOORS (D2) 0.75X2.3 56 0.75 0.15 6.30
DOORS (FD) 40 1.50 0.15 9.00
ir.aiktclibrary.org
37
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

TOTAL 2172.04 Sq m

DEDUCTION
V 0.6X0.9 56 0.60 0.90 30.24
NET TOTAL 2141.80 Sq m

PAINTING (INTERNAL)
SLAB
BEDROOM
2BHK 16 3.05 3.75 183.00
(3.05X3.75m)
BEDROOM
16 3.05 3.60 175.68
(3.05X3.60m)
LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 8 3.95 4.15 131.14
LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 8 3.95 3.75 118.50
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 8 2.60 2.45 50.96
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 8 2.60 2.20 45.76
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 8 1.20 2.20 21.12
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.35m) 8 1.20 1.35 12.96
BEDROOM
1BHK 4 2.75 3.65 40.15
(2.75X3.65m)
BEDROOM
8 2.75 3.05 67.10
(2.75X3.05m)
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 8 3.05 3.80 92.72
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 4 3.00 3.90 46.80
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 8 2.60 2.30 47.84
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 4 2.45 2.45 24.01
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 4 1.20 1.90 9.12
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 8 1.20 1.50 14.40
2BHK PASSAGE 1 8 1.35 1.65 17.82
2 8 1.35 1.45 15.66
1BHK 3 4 1.20 1.60 7.68
4 8 1.20 1.60 15.36
5 CORIDOOR 1 32.62 32.62
A TOTAL 1170.40 Sq m
SIDE WALL
BEDROOM
2BHK 32 3.05 3.00 292.80
(3.05X3.75m)
BEDROOM
32 3.05 3.00 292.80
(3.05X3.60m)
LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 16 3.95 3.00 189.60
LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 16 3.95 3.00 189.60
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 16 2.60 3.00 124.80
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 16 2.60 3.00 124.80
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.35m) 16 1.20 3.00 57.60

ir.aiktclibrary.org
38
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

BEDROOM
1BHK 8 2.75 3.00 66.00
(2.75X3.65m)
BEDROOM
16 2.75 3.00 132.00
(2.75X3.05m)
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 16 3.05 3.00 146.40
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 8 3.00 3.00 72.00
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 8 2.60 3.00 62.40
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 4 2.45 3.00 29.40
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 8 1.20 3.00 28.80
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 16 1.20 3.00 57.60
2BHK PASSAGE 1 8 1.35 3.00 32.40
2 8 1.35 3.00 32.40
1BHK 3 4 1.20 3.00 14.40
4 8 1.20 3.00 28.80
5 CORIDOOR 1 59.53 3.00 178.59
B TOTAL 2210.79 Sq m

SIDE WALL
BEDROOM
2BHK 32 3.75 3.00 360.00
(3.05X3.75m)
BEDROOM
32 3.60 3.00 345.60
(3.05X3.60m)
LIVING (3.95X4.15m) 16 4.15 3.00 199.20
LIVING (3.95X3.75m) 16 3.75 3.00 180.00
KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m) 16 2.45 3.00 117.60
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m) 16 2.20 3.00 105.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m) 16 2.20 3.00 105.60
ENTRANCE
16 1.35 3.00 64.80
(1.2X1.35m)
BEDROOM
1BHK 8 3.65 3.00 87.60
(2.75X3.65m)
BEDROOM
16 3.05 3.00 146.40
(2.75X3.05m)
LIVING (3.05X3.80m) 16 3.80 3.00 182.40
LIVING (3.0X3.9m) 8 3.90 3.00 93.60
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m) 16 2.30 3.00 110.40
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m) 8 2.45 3.00 58.80
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m) 8 1.90 3.00 45.60
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.5m) 16 1.50 3.00 72.00
2BHK PASSAGE 1 8 1.65 3.00 39.60
2 8 1.45 3.00 34.80
1BHK 3 4 1.60 3.00 19.20
4 8 1.60 3.00 38.40
5 CORIDOOR 1 59.53 3.00 178.59
C TOTAL 2585.79 Sq m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
39
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

deduction
DOORS (D) 1X2.3 72 1.00 2.30 165.60
DOORS (D1) 0.9X2.3 44 0.90 2.30 91.08
DOORS (D2) 0.75X2.3 56 0.75 2.30 96.60
DOORS (FD) 40 1.50 2.30 138.00
OPENING OP 1X2.3 76 1.00 2.30 174.80
WINDOW W 4 1.50 2.15 12.90
WINDOW W1 1.5X2.5 32 1.20 2.15 82.56
WINDOW W2 32 0.90 2.15 61.92
WINDOW W3 24 0.45 1.20 12.96
D TOTAL 836.42 Sq m
STAIRCASE
LONG WALL 4 5.00 18.00 360.00
DEDUCTION
STEPS AND LANDING 20 0.55 11.00
E TOTAL 349.00 Sq m
SHORT WALL 2 3.00 18.00 108.00
DEDUCTION
WINDOW 10 1.80 1.20 21.60
F TOTAL 86.40 Sq m
GROUND
FLOOR/PARKING
TOTAL AREA SLAB 607.01 607.01
DEDUCTION
COLUMN 65 0.30 0.30 5.85
DUCT 1 4.85 3.55 17.22
2 3.95 3.30 26.07
2 1.70 1.65 5.61
1 1.05 1.25 1.31
2 1.65 1.00 3.30
2 1.65 1.25 4.13
G TOTAL 508.54 Sq m
SIDE WALL
2 4.85 3.00 29.10
2 3.95 3.00 23.70
1 1.70 3.00 5.10
2 1.05 3.00 6.30
2 1.65 3.00 9.90

ir.aiktclibrary.org
40
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

2 1.65 3.00 9.90

2 5.30 3.00 31.80
2 3.55 3.00 21.30
2 3.30 3.00 19.80
2 1.65 3.00 9.90
2 1.25 3.00 7.50
2 1.00 3.00 6.00
2 1.25 3.00 7.50
2 3.30 3.00 19.80
H TOTAL 207.60 Sq m
A+B+C-D+E+F+G+H NET 6282.10 Sq m
PAINTING EXTERNAL
TOTAL AREA 1 151.84 12.00 1822.08
DEDUCTION
W 4 1.50 2.15 12.90
W1 32 1.20 2.15 82.56
FD 40 1.50 2.30 138.00
STAIR WINDOW 10 1.80 1.20 21.60
` TOTAL 1567.02 Sq m
BRICK WORK
FLY ASH BRICK SIZE 1 3.00 0.15 0.00
2BHK (230X150X150)
BEDROOM (3.05X3.75m)
LONG WALL 24 3.75 2.57 0.15 34.70
8 3.75 2.87 0.15 12.92
SHORT WALL 32 3.35 2.57 0.15 41.33
BEDROOM (3.05X3.60m)
LONG WALL 24 3.60 2.57 0.15 33.31
8 3.60 2.87 0.15 12.40
SHORT WALL 32 3.35 2.57 0.15 41.33
LIVING (3.95X3.75m)
LONG WALL 8 3.95 2.57 0.15 12.18
8 3.95 2.87 0.15 13.60
SHORT WALL 8 4.05 2.57 0.15 12.49
8 4.05 2.87 0.15 13.95
LIVING (3.95X4.15m)
LONG WALL 16 4.15 2.57 0.15 25.60

ir.aiktclibrary.org
41
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

SHORT WALL 16 4.25 2.87 0.15 29.27

KITCHEN (2.60X2.45m)
LONG WALL 4 2.60 2.57 0.15 4.01
SHORT WALL 4 2.75 2.87 0.15 4.74
4 2.75 2.57 0.15 4.24
KITCHEN (2.60X2.20m)
LONG WALL 16 2.60 2.57 0.15 16.04
SHORT WALL 8 2.50 2.57 0.15 7.71
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m)
8 2.20 2.87 0.15 7.58
8 1.50 2.57 0.15 4.63
ENTRANCE
(1.2X1.35m)
16 1.35 2.57 0.15 8.33
1BHK 16 1.50 2.87 0.15 10.33
BEDROOM
(2.75X3.65m)
LONG WALL 8 3.65 2.57 0.15 11.26
SHORT WALL 4 3.05 2.57 0.15 4.70
4 3.05 2.87 0.15 5.25
BEDROOM
(2.75X3.05m)
LONG WALL 16 3.05 2.57 0.15 18.81
SHORT WALL 16 3.05 2.87 0.15 21.01
LIVING (3.05X3.80m)
LONG WALL 16 3.80 2.57 0.15 23.44
SHORT WALL 16 3.35 2.87 0.15 23.07
LIVING (3.0X3.9m)
LONG WALL 8 3.90 2.87 0.15 13.43
SHORT WALL 4 3.30 2.57 0.15 5.09
SHORT WALL 4 3.30 2.57 0.15 5.09
KITCHEN (2.60X2.30m)
LONG WALL 8 2.60 2.87 0.15 8.95
SHORT WALL 8 2.60 2.57 0.15 8.02
SHORT WALL 8 2.60 2.87 0.15 8.95
KITCHEN (2.45X2.45m)
LONG WALL 4 2.45 2.57 0.15 3.78
SHORT WALL 4 2.75 2.57 0.15 4.24
SHORT WALL 4 2.75 2.87 0.15 4.74
ENTRANCE (1.2X1.9m)

ir.aiktclibrary.org
42
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

LONG WALL 4 1.90 2.87 0.15 3.27

2BHK SHORT WALL 4 1.35 2.57 0.15 2.08
ENTRANCE (1.2X2.2m)
SHORT WALL 8 1.55 2.57 0.15 4.78

WC 1.35X1.8
SHORT WALL 64 1.35 2.87 0.15 37.20
WC 1.35X2.25
SHORT WALL 16 1.35 2.87 0.15 9.30
WC 1.35X2.4
SHORT WALL 16 1.35 2.87 0.15 9.30
WC 1.2X1.9
SHORT WALL 8 1.20 2.87 0.15 4.13
WC 1.2X2.15
SHORT WALL 4 1.20 2.87 0.15 2.07
BALCONY 0.00
4 2.90 2.57 0.15 4.47
3 2.90 2.87 0.15 3.75
2 2.25 2.57 0.15 1.73
1 2.25 2.87 0.15 0.97
2 1.30 2.57 0.15 1.00
2 1.30 2.87 0.15 1.12
1 1.40 2.57 0.15 0.54
STAIR 2 5.00 15.85 0.15 23.78
2 3.30 15.85 0.15 15.69
DUCT 1 4.55 3.55 0.15 2.42
2 3.65 3.30 0.15 3.61
2 1.40 1.65 0.15 0.69
1 0.85 1.25 0.15 0.16
2 1.35 1.00 0.15 0.41
2 1.35 1.25 0.15 0.51
TOTAL 653.47 cu m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
43
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

DEDUCTION
WINDOW STAIR 10 1.80 1.20 0.15 2.70
DOORS (D) 1X2.3 72 1.00 2.30 0.15 10.80
DOORS (D1) 0.9X2.3 44 0.90 2.30 0.15 5.94
DOORS (D2) 0.75X2.3 56 0.75 2.30 0.15 6.30
DOORS (FD) 40 1.50 2.30 0.15 9.00
OPENING OP 1X2.3 76 1.20 2.30 0.15 13.68
WINDOW W 4 1.50 2.15 0.15 0.90
WINDOW W1 1.5X2.5 32 1.20 2.15 0.15 5.76
WINDOW W2 32 0.90 2.15 0.15 4.32
WINDOW W3 24 0.45 1.20 0.15 1.62
V 0.6X0.9 56 0.60 0.90 0.15 5.04
COLUMN size
65 0.15 0.15 15.00 146.25
(0.3X0.3)
TOTAL 212.31 cu m
NET 441.16 cu m

RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
EXCAVATION
STORAGE TANK
1 6.81 3.56 2.96 71.76 cu m
6.51X3.26X2.7
PCC
STORAGE TANK
1 6.81 3.56 0.2 4.85 cu m
6.51X3.26X2.7
RCC
UNDER GROUND 2 7.11 2.70 0.15 5.76
6.51X3.26X2.7 2 3.26 1.50 0.15 1.47
SLAB 1 6.54 3.53 0.13 3.00
10.23 cu m

GREY WATER
RCC OVERHEAD TANK 2 5.60 1.85 0.15 3.11
(5X3X0.5) 2 3.00 1.85 0.15 1.67
SLAB 2 5.30 3.30 0.13 4.55
9.32 cu m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
44
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

RULES FOR DECDUCTION

Rules for deduction in masonry work:

1 No deduction is made for opening up to 0.1m^2
2 For other openings deductions are as follows:
3 Rectangular opening. Deduction=L X H X T.
4 Opening with small segmental arch. Deduction=L X H X T.
5 Openings with large segmental arch. Deduction= L X {H+ 2/3 X L X R} X T.
6 Semi circular opening. Deduction = L X {H+3/4 X L X R} X T.

Rules for deduction in plastering work.

1 No deductions are made for end of beams, posts and rafters etc which are
embedded.
2 No deduction is made for opening having area up to 0.5m^2 and no addition is
made for jams soffits and sills of such opening.
3 The opening having area of 0.5 to 3 m^2 deduction is made for one face only of
jams soffits and sills of such opening.
4 The opening having area of above 3m^2 deduction is made for both face for jams
soffits and sills of such opening

ir.aiktclibrary.org
45
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC
ABSTARCT SHEET

Abstract sheet:
It is a sheet including the number of required quantity of items for the work with unit
price and thereby total amount.
The abstract estimate is the third and the final stage of detailed estimate. The amount
and the rate of everything from work touch base in the initial two stages are entered
in an abstract form.

SR.NO DISCRIPTION OF ITEM QUANTITY UNIT RATE/UNIT AMOUNT

1 EXCAVATION FOR FOOTING 302.28 CU M 145 ₹ 43831

2 PCC IN FOUNDATION M20 37.77 CU M 5575 ₹ 210568

3 PLINTH FILLING
MORUM 106.68 CU M 239.8 #REF!
BOULDER 106.68 CU M 1029 #REF!
PCC M20 106.68 CU M 5575 #REF!
₹ 730097
4 RCC
1-FOOTING M30 84.97 CU M 6165 #REF!
2-SHEAR WALL M30 41.85 CU M 6165 #REF!
3-PLINTH BEAM M25 43.3 CU M 6218 #REF!
4-FLOOR BEAM M25 152.16 CU M 6218 #REF!
5-CHAJJA/LINTEL M25 38.11 CU M 6218 #REF!
6-SLAB M25 281.12 CU M 7301 #REF!
7-COLUMN M25 87.75 CU M 7598 #REF!
8-STAIR CASE M25 26.38 CU M 7301 #REF!
9-WATER TANK M25 14.13 CU M 6983 #REF!
₹ 5244636
5 BRICK WORK
FLY ASH BRICK 230X150X100 130000 NOS 5 ₹ 650000

6 FLOORING 2141.8 SQ M 800 ₹ 1713440

7 PLASTERING
INTERNAL 6742.9 SQ M 240 #REF!
EXTERNAL 1567.02 SQ M 280 #REF!
Table 3 Abstract sheet

ir.aiktclibrary.org
46
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

8 PAINTING
INTERNAL 6742.9 SQ M 35 #REF!
EXTERNAL 1567.02 SQ M 40 #REF!
₹ 2355744

9 DOORS

T.W FRAME COMMERCIAL PLY FLASH DOOR 1X2.3 72 NOS 5000 #REF!
T.W FRAME COMMERCIAL PLY FLASH DOOR 0.9X2.3 44 NOS 5000 #REF!
T.W FRAME MARINE PLY FLASH DOOR 0.75X2.3 56 NOS 5000 #REF!
ALUMINIUM SLIDING DOOR (FD) 1.5X2.3 40 NOS 8200 #REF!
₹ 1188000
10 WINDOW

DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW W 1.5X2.15 4 NOS 2300 #REF!

DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW W1 1.2X2.15 32 NOS 2300 #REF!
DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW W2 0.9X2.15 32 NOS 2300 #REF!
DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW W3 0.45X1.2 16 NOS 2300 #REF!
DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW STAIR 1.8X1.25 10 NOS 2300 #REF!
₹ 216200
11 STEEL
1-FOOTING 5336 Kg 44 #REF!
2-SHEAR WALL 3300 Kg 44 #REF!
3-PLINTH BEAM 5000 Kg 44 #REF!
4-FLOOR BEAM 17950 Kg 44 #REF!
5-CHAJJA/LINTEL 2400 Kg 44 #REF!
6-SLAB 17655 Kg 44 #REF!
7-COLUMN 13780 Kg 44 #REF!
8-STAIR CASE 1660 Kg 44 #REF!
9-WATER TANK 5290 Kg 44 #REF!
₹ 3184324

ir.aiktclibrary.org

47
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

RWH STORAGE TANK 6.51X3.26X2.7

EXCAVATION 71.76 CU M 145 #REF!
PCC M20 4.85 CU M 5575 #REF!
RCC 10.23 CU M 6165 #REF!
₹ 100512
GREY WATER
RCC OVERHEAD TANK 9.32 CU M 6165 #REF!
SLOW SAND FILTR 1.00 PIECE 18000 #REF!
₹ 75458

SOLAR 11.50 KW 29409 ₹ 338204

TOTAL ₹ 16051014
Plumbing & Electrification (Add 25% of total cost) ₹ 4012754
contingencies 3% ₹ 481531
GRAND TOTAL ₹ 20545300

ir.aiktclibrary.org

48
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.4 Scheduling

With the use of Primavera software, the scheduling and modelling of the project will
be done. First of all activities to be performed will get arranged. Then on the basis of
experience, appropriate durations to be assigned to all activities in order to know total
time to be required for the completion of Project. The following are the important
elements of project management.
• OBS (Organization Breakdown
Structure) CEO
Is a structure of people of an organization.
OBS is used to manage and organize
people of an organization for better Director 1 Director 2
communication and administrative
purpose. It is also used to control access of project project project
people to project. manager 1 manager 2 manager 3
This is an example of an OBS. Figure 4 OBS

M&M
• EPS (enterprise project structure)
Is a structure of a project in enterprise or an
mumbai delhi organization, EPS is used to organize projects
of an organization. It is also used to control
access to projects. EPS can be made with any
construction
project
IT project road projet reference like location, nature and budget of
project. This is an example of EPS.
Figure 5 EPR

• WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)

It involves decomposition of major project deliverables into small more manageable
components until the deliverables are defined in sufficient details to support
development of project activities

Figure 6 WBS

ir.aiktclibrary.org

49
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

.
Activities: are task to be performed to complete a particular work. There are 6 different
types of activities:

• Mile stone: duration of milestone is zero it is used to mark important activities.

There are two types of activities start and finish.
• Task dependent and resource dependent.
• Level of effort.
• WBS summary.

Duration estimation: In the software work is divided and breaks down in different
work elements as WBS (works break down structure) then different activities are
performed as the respective elements. The durations of these activities are provided as
calculated by quantity and time estimation there by total time required to complete
particular activity.

There are various techniques to estimate duration like:

• Similarity to other activities

• Historical data
• Expert advice
• Delphi technique
• Three-point estimation.
• Wide band Delphi technique

CPM (Critical Path Method):

It is longest path with shortest duration. The method used here is CPM for
scheduling. The activities are critically to be performed for project to run smoothly.

Schedule

Table 4 Schedule

ir.aiktclibrary.org

50
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

ir.aiktclibrary.org

51
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

ir.aiktclibrary.org

52
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

ir.aiktclibrary.org

53
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
GANT CHART

Table 5 Gant Chart

ir.aiktclibrary.org
54
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

ir.aiktclibrary.org
55
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

ir.aiktclibrary.org
56
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.5. Green Building.

What is Green? Why green building?

The construction industry is one of largest producers of demolition waste and
greenhouse gases. During the construction stage a huge amount of energy gets
consumed while at later stages it’s the air-conditioning systems that consume the most
amount of energy. While it’s commercially viable for a developer to make
arrangements of amenities like lighting systems, air-conditioning or water heating
facilities for the home owners but these are also the main reasons why massive energy
consumption happens in residential and commercial buildings.
In green buildings, sustainable measures are taken to recycle and reuse. The most
important element of green building is energy efficiency and less carbon emissions.
Green buildings are designed in a way that improves the way homes use energy, water,
and materials, to keep the waste minimum; both during construction and later.
➢ What makes a building green?
In comparison with a construction which is not green, a green building:
• Is designed to use less energy, water and natural resources
• Is developed in a manner that it has little impact on the environment
• Produce less chemical waste
• Is a healthier option for the inhabitants

GREEN RESOURCES:

3.5.1 Rain Water Harvesting.

Rainwater harvesting techniques have been already been devised and used since
ancient time. These were implemented at the community level in areas where rainfall
is the only major source of freshwater, mostly in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh. In
Southern India rainwater harvesting systems are integrated into their architecture in
the form of small ponds/tanks for each house, and temple tanks.
The basic rainwater harvesting system is more of a plumbing job than a technical job,
as all the outlets form the buildings’ terrace are connected through pipes to an
underground tank which stores water or a dug well, which serves the purpose of
recharging wells and bore wells.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
57
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of water
for households usually financed by the user.
Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during water restrictions.
In areas where clean water is costly, or difficult to come by, rainwater harvesting is a
critical source of clean water. In developed countries, rainwater is often harvested to
be used as a supplemental source of water rather than the main source, but the
harvesting of rainwater can also decrease a household's water costs or overall usage
levels.
Indian scenario
• Tamil Nadu was the first state to make rainwater harvesting compulsory for
every building to avoid groundwater depletion. The scheme was launched in
2001 and has been implemented in all rural areas of Tamil Nadu.
• In Rajasthan, rainwater harvesting has traditionally been practiced by the
people of the Thar Desert. Many ancient water harvesting systems in
Rajasthan have now been revived. Water harvesting systems are widely used
in other areas of Rajasthan, as well, for example, the chauka system from the
Jaipur district.
• Maharashtra: At present, in Pune, rainwater harvesting is compulsory for any
new housing society to be registered.
• In Mumbai, Maharashtra, rainwater harvesting is not mandatory. The
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai is planning to make rainwater
harvesting mandatory for large societies.

COMPONNETSOF RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

1. Catchment or Catchment Area
This is the area which directly receives the rainwater. For buildings, roofs made of RCC
and corrugated sheets can be used as catchments. RCC roofs need a slope to drain the
rainwater from the roof into conduits/pipes which transport the water to collecting
pits/tanks, etc. The outlets from the roof of the building should be covered with a mesh
which will stop stones and other debris from entering the RWH system.
2. Coarse mesh
At the roof to prevent the passage of debris.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
58
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3. Pipes / Conduits
These transport the rainwater collected from the catchment to the harvesting system, using
gravity. PVC pipes are commonly used as they are economical and durable. The pipes
provided are of 90-120mm diameter, however for major RWH systems the National
Building Code 2005 (SP-7) has specified the ideal diameter of the pipe to be used in the
following table –

ir.aiktclibrary.org
59
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Diameter Average rate of rainfall in mm/h

Of pipe
(mm)
50 75 100 125 150 200
mm/hr mm/hr mm/hr mm/hr mm/hr mm/hr
50 13.4 8.9 6.6 5.3 4.4 3.3
65 24.1 16.0 12.0 9.6 8.0 6.0
75 40.8 27.0 20.4 16.3 13.6 10.2
100 85.4 57.0 42.7 34.2 28.5 21.3
125 – – 80.5 64.3 53.5 40.0
150 – – – – 83.6 62.7
Table 6 Average rate of rainfall in mm/h

4. First Flush
First flush is a mechanism which discards the water received in first shower. The first
shower of rains contains impurities and contaminants, such as dust, very low quantities of
pollutants, organic matter, etc. The first rain separator should be attached at outlet of each
drainpipe.

5. Filter (Dewas filter)

The rooftop water was collected and allowed to pass through a filter system called the dewas
filter, designed by Mohan Rao, district collector of dewas, and engineers of the rural
engineering services.
The filter consists of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe 140 mm in diameter and 1.2m long.
There are three chambers. The first purification chamber has pebbles varying between 2-6
mm, the second chamber has slightly larger pebbles, between 6 and 12 mm and the third
chamber has the largest - 12-20 mm pebbles. There is a mesh at the outflow side through
which clean water flows out after passing through the three chambers. The cost of this filter
unit is Rs 600.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
60
 IR@AIKTC-KRRC

6. Storage facility
There are various options available for the construction of these tanks with respect to the
shape, size and the material of construction.
• Shape: Cylindrical, rectangular and square.
• Material of construction: Reinforced cement concrete, (RCC), ferrocement,
masonry, plastic (polyethylene) or metal (galvanised iron) sheets are commonly used.
• Position of tank: Depending on space availability these tanks could be constructed
above ground, partly underground or fully underground. Some maintenance
measures like cleaning and disinfection are required to ensure the quality of water
stored in the container.

SAILENT FEATURES OF RAIN PC ARE:

• Simple straight-forward installation
• Easy to operate and maintain
• Needs no power and operates at low gravity pressure (0.1 bars upward).
• The system is capable of providing a constant flow of about 40 litres of rainwater
per hour, enough for a family of five for drinking, cooking and bathing purposes.
• Maintains nearly constant volume irrespective of water pressure.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
61
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.5.1.1Designing of underground and overhead water tank for

rain water harvesting and daily municipal water supply.

Total Water demand in lpcd = 135 lpcd

Number of Persons = 116

Roof top area = 342 m2

Average annual rainfall = 0.992 m

Run-off coefficient = 0.9

Rain water potential = Roof top area x avg. Annual rainfall x Run-off

Coefficient

= 342 x 0.992 x 0.9

= 305.09 m3

Designing RWH Water Tank

Assume Water Demand for RWH tank for Gardening, Car washing= 15 lpcd

Volume of RWH tank = Number of Persons x Water Demand x

Duration in Days

= 116 x 15 x 30

= 52.20 m3< 305.09 m3

Assuming Depth of RWH Water Tank = 2.5 m

Therefore Area required = 52.20 ÷ 2.5

= 20.88 m2

ir.aiktclibrary.org
62
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Area = LENGTH × BRIDTH

Assume L= 2B

20.88 = B × 2B

20.88 = 3B2

B = 3.256

B = 3.26 m

B = 2×3.26 = 6.51

Assume 0.3 m free board

DIMENSIONS OF TANK = (6.51 m × 3.26 m × 2.7 m)

Designing UG and OH water tank for daily municipal water supply

Water required per day = Water Demand x Number Of persons

= 135 x 116

= 15660 liter/day

= 15.66 m3

Storing 2/3 of water under ground and 1/3 of water overhead at same time

Therefore volume of UG Water Tank = 2/3 x 15.66

= 24 m3

Assume Depth H= 1m

10.44 = L × B × H

L = 2B

B = 2.28 = 2.3 m

L = 4.6 m

H = 1.2 (Free Board = 0.2 m)

Therefore Provide UG Water Tank of size 4.6m x 2.3m x 1.2m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
63
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Volume OH Water Tank = 1/3 x 15.66

= 5.22m3≈ 6m3

L=5m

B=3m

6=L×B×H

H = 0.4 m ≈ 0.5m

Therefore Provide OH Water Tank of size 5m x 3m x 0.5m

ir.aiktclibrary.org
64
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.5.2. GREYWATER.

Grey water is described as gently used waste water that comes from sources such as
the bathroom, kitchen and laundry. It is relatively clean and cannot be compared with
the water from toilets (backwater). Generally, any water that is drained from the house
other than toilet water can be described as grey water. It may also contain traced of
food, grease, hair, dirt or particular household cleaning products.
As much as it may look dirty, grey water can be reused for other purposes and does
not necessarily have to be disposed of into the sewage system as other types of waste
water do. This means that it is not really waste water but could be repurposed for safe
and beneficial uses.
It therefore serves to substitute fresh water for some purposes thus allowing for water
conservation as well as reducing the amount of water that is sent into the sewage
system for treatment.
Indian scenario
➢ Water is becoming a rare resource in the world. In India, it has been projected
by International water management institute that by 2025, one third of the
population will live in complete water scarcity.
➢ In India, as per IS: 1172- 1957, the total domestic water consumption is about
135 litters/capita/day under normal conditions of which 70 – 90 litre is generated
as gray water
➢ In India, people use water carelessly in washing clothes, bathing etc due to
which per capita per day consumption has increased to more than 250 litres
which is comparatively very high in comparison to per capita per day
consumption in countries like Australia (85 litres) and this major difference is
generally because of careless use by people.
➢ Due to rapid industrialization and development, there is an increased
opportunity for grey water reuse in developing countries such as India. Although
India occupies only 3.29 million km2 geographical area, which forms 2.4% of
the world's land area, it supports over 15% of world's population.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
65
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

METHOD ADOPTED BY
GREYWATER
Conventional Grey water System
▪ Collection of raw grey water:
lateral pipes are installed to collect
grey water from bath, shower, and
washbasin to central vertical pipes.
▪ Conveyance and treatment of grey
water: collected raw grey water is
conveyed through these separate
vertical pipes to the basement for
treatment. Treated grey water is
then pumped to the top of building
to the storage tank.
▪ Distribution of treated grey water:
treated grey water is then
gravitationally conveyed from the
storage tank to each family unit in
each flat

Basic Grey water Guidelines

Grey water is different from fresh water Figure 7 Greywater System(a)
and requires different guidelines for it to
be reused.
1. Don’t store grey water
(more than 24 hours). If
you store grey water the
nutrients in it will start to
break down, creating bad
odours
2. Minimize contact with
3. . Grey water could
potentially contain a
pathogen if an infected
person’s faces got into
the water, so your system
should be
Figure 8 Greywater System(b)

ir.aiktclibrary.org
66
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

designed for the water to soak into the ground and not be available for people
or animals to drink.
4. Infiltrate grey water into the ground, don’t allow it to pool up or run off
(knowing how well water drains into your soil (or the soil percolation rate of
your soil) will help with proper design. Pooling grey water can provide
mosquito breeding grounds, as well as a place for human contact with grey water
5. .
6. Keep your system as simple as possible, avoid pumps, and avoid filters that need
upkeep. Simple systems last longer, require less maintenance, require less
energy and cost less money.
7. Install a 3-way valve for easy switching between the grey water system and the
sewer/septic.
8. Match the amount of grey water your plants will receive with their irrigation
needs.

Distribution of total domestic water consumption:

Domestic Water Consumption for

Drinkin Toilet Gardening House Bath Hand Kitchen/ Laundr

g Flushin / cleanin and Basi Dishwashin y
and g Others g Showe n g
Cooking r
3% 26% 2% 6% 31% 4% 17% 10%
Grey water = 62%
Table 7 Distribution of total domestic water consumption

ir.aiktclibrary.org
67
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.5.2.1 DESIGN OF SLOW SAND FILTER

Volume of water for bathroom, kitchen = 95 lpcd

No of persons =116

Total volume = 95×116 = 11020 lit

Volume of water required for flushing = 30 lpcd

Total volume = 30×116 = 3480lit

11020 lit > 3480 lit .... Ok

Design:

V= 3480 lit

Max V = 1.8×3480 = 6264 lit. Rate of filtrations = 100 lit/hr/m2

Filter Area = volume

Rate of filtrations × 24

= 6264

100 × 24

= 2.61 m2

Assume L = 1.3 B

Area = L× B

2.61 = 1.3 B × B

B = 1.41 = 1.45 m

L= 1.88 = 1.9 m

Assume H = 2.7 m

DIMENSIONS (1.9 m × 1.45 m × 2.7

m)

ir.aiktclibrary.org
68
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Designing OHWT for store filter grey water for Flashing

Total volume of water from kitchen & bathroom = 95 lpcd

Total volume of water of flushing = 30 lpcd

Number Of persons = 116

Total volume of water =Water Demand x Number Of persons

= 30 x 116

= 3480 liter/day

= 3.480m3

Volume OH Water Tank = LXBXH

L=5m

B=3m

3.428= 5 × 3 × H

H = 0.3 m ≈ 0.5m (0.2 FREE BOARD)

ir.aiktclibrary.org
69
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.5.3 SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of
ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics’, solar thermal
energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.
It is an essential source of renewable energy, and its technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture
and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic systems,
concentrated solar power, and solar water
heating to harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a building to the
Sun, selecting materials with favourable
thermal mass or light-dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally circulate
air.
Figure 9 Solar System
In 2011, the International Energy Agency said
that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy
technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries' energy
security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible, and mostly import-
independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of
mitigating global warming, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These
advantages are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early
deployment should be considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent
and need to be widely shared".
Indian Scenario
• "For India to achieve its 100 GW solar energy target in just two years, by 2022,
and to emerge as a leader in climate action, it needs to prioritise solar rooftop
photovoltaic (PV) among two key users - residential buildings and the industrial
sector," the WRI India said in a statement.
• Solar power in India is a fast developing industry. The country's solar installed
capacity reached 37.627 GW as of 31 March 2020.
• India has the lowest capital cost per MW globally to install solar power plants.
• The Indian government is promoting solar energy. It announced an allocation of
₹1,000 crore (US$140 million) for the National Solar Mission and a clean-
energy fund for the 2010-11 fiscal year, an increase of ₹380 crore (US$53
ir.aiktclibrary.org
70
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

million) from the previous budget. The budget encouraged private solar
companies by reducing the import duty on solar panels by five percent. This is
expected to reduce the cost of a rooftop solar-panel installation by 15 to 20
percent.
• The 2018 manufacturing capacity of solar cells and solar modules in India was
1,590 MW and 5,620 MW, respectively.
• Indian manufacturers are gradually enhancing the production capacity of mono
crystalline silicon PERC cells to supply better performing and enduring solar
cells to local market.

COMPONENTS OF SOLAR
1. Solar Panels

Solar panels are the most noticeable component of a residential solar electric
system. The solar panels are installed outside the home, typically on the roof and
convert sunlight into electricity.
The photovoltaic effect is the process of converting sunlight into electricity. This
process gives solar panels their alternate name, PV panels.
Solar panels are given output ratings in watts. This rating is the maximum produced
by the panel under ideal conditions.
2. Array DC Disconnect

The Array DC disconnect is used to disconnect the solar arrays from the home for
maintenance. It is called a DC disconnect because the solar arrays produce DC
(direct current) power.
3. Inverter

Solar panels and batteries produce DC (direct current) power. Standard home
appliances use AC (alternating current). An inverter converts the DC power
produced by the solar panels and batteries to the AC power required by appliances.
4. Battery Pack

Solar power systems produce electricity during the daytime, when the sun is
shining. Your home demands electricity at night and on cloudy days – when the sun
isn’t shining. To offset this mismatch, batteries can be added to the system.
5. Power Meter, Utility Meter, Kilowatt Meter

For systems that maintain a tie to the utility grid, the power meter measures the
amount of power used from the grid. In systems designed to sell power the utility,

ir.aiktclibrary.org
71
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

the power meter also measures the amount of power the solar system sends to the
grid.
6. Backup Generator

For systems that are not tied to the utility grid, a backup generator is used to provide
power during periods of low system output due to poor weather or high household
demand. Homeowners concerned with the environmental impact of generators can
install a generator that runs on alternative fuel such as biodiesel, rather than
gasoline.
7. Breaker Panel, AC Panel, Circuit Breaker Panel

The breaker panel is where the power source is joined to the electrical circuits in
your home. A circuit is a continuous route of connected wire that joins together
outlets and lights in the electric system.
For each circuit there is a circuit breaker. Circuit breakers prevent the appliances
on a circuit from drawing too much electricity and causing a fire hazard. When the
appliances on a circuit demand too much electricity, the circuit breaker will switch
off or trip, interrupting the flow of electricity.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
72
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
A photovoltaic (PV) cell is an
energy harvesting technology that
converts solar energy into useful
electricity through a process called
the photovoltaic effect. There are
several different types of PV cells
which all use semiconductors to
interact with incoming photons
from the Sun in order to generate
an electric current.
Solar PV cells generate electricity
by absorbing sunlight and using
Figure 10 Photovoltaic Cells
that light energy to create an
electrical current. There are many
photovoltaic cells within a single solar panel, and the current created by all of the cells
together adds up to enough electricity to help power your home. A standard panel used
in a rooftop residential system will have 60 cells linked together. Commercial solar
installations often use larger panels with 72 or more photovoltaic cells.

Grid Inter-Tied Residential Solar Power Systems

A grid inter-tied solar power system is directly connected to the home and to the
traditional electric utility grid. Grid inter-tied systems allow the homeowners to get
power from either the home electric system or the utility grid. Switching between the
residential system and the grid is seamless.
The prime advantage of this type of system is the ability to balance the system
production and home power requirements. When a grid inter-tied system is producing
more power than the home is consuming, the excess can be sold back to the utility in
a practice known as net metering. When the system is not producing sufficient power,
the home can draw power from the utility grid.
Grid inter-tied systems are the lowest cost type of residential solar electric system, due
to having fewer required components.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
73
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Off Grid Solar Power Systems

An off-grid residential system is completely disconnected from the traditional electric
power grid. Without a connection to the utility grid, batteries are essential to balance
periods of excess production and excess demand.
To protect against shortfalls of power when the solar system is under-producing and
the batteries are discharged, an electric generator is usually added to the system. The
generator is used as a power source during periods of prolonged excess production or
unusual demand

Figure 11 Solar Power System

ir.aiktclibrary.org
74
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

3.5.3.1Green Materials:

Green building is about making the best use of resources during all stages of
construction. By combining a system of components and materials that work in
harmony with one another, the goal is to create an energy-efficient, water-saving
structure with a low carbon footprint.
The use of green building materials and products represents one important strategy in
the design of a building. Using green building materials and products promotes
conservation of non-renewable resources and helps in reducing the environmental
impacts associated with the installation, reuse, recycling, and disposal etc of the
building materials.
Green building materials are composed of renewable, rather than non-renewable
resources. These materials are environment-friendly and offer specific benefits
including reduced maintenance/replacement costs over the life of the building, energy
conservation, improved occupant health and productivity, lower costs associated with
changing space configurations, greater design flexibility, and so on.

❖ GREEN PAINTS (NON VOC PAINTS)

i. Low VOC paints have reduced amounts of volatile organic compounds,

meaning they don't off-gas as much as traditional paints. It's important to
remember that when it says "low" it's only in comparison to some other
paints. There’s no standards that define what "low" means, so the labels
are arbitrary, at best.
Paint brands that have low VOC options include Behr, Farrow & Ball,
and Para. However, this is not an extensive list because some paint
companies offer low VOC options as well.
ii. Paints with no VOCs have no volatile organic compounds in them. That's
not to say they don't contain any harmful chemicals, though. In fact, the
paint tinting process can sometimes add some VOCs. That said, these are
still a great option.
Brands that have no VOC options include AFM Safe coat, Behr,
Benjamin Moore, Sherwin Williams, and YoloColorhouse. Again, other
brands make non-toxic paints.
iii. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 9% of
the airborne pollutants creating ground level ozone come from the VOCs
in paint. Low and zero VOC paints have little or no smog-forming
emissions.
ir.aiktclibrary.org
75
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

iv. VOC react with sunlight and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere to form
ground-level ozone, a chemical that has a detrimental effect on human
health, agricultural crops, forest and ecosystems. These problems can be
eliminated using low VOC paints.
v. Selecting materials that are low in VOC helps reduce sources of pollutants
during the construction process and in the finished building. Also low
VOC paints have little odour.
vi. Use of high-VOC content materials can cause illness and may decrease
occupant productivity. These problems result in increased expenses and
liability for building owners, operators and insurance companies.

Green Paints Conventional Paints

Cleaner air; reduced ozone depletion Contributable to environment pollution
and ozone depletion
Minimal health risks Significant health risk
Total Cost; Same as many high quality Low but High O&M costs
paints, Low O&M costs

Table 8 Comparison of Green VS Conventional paints.

❖ FLY ASH BRICK

i. Now a day’s world is developing at a very fast rate so to cope with the increasing
needs of brick we were to find an alternative for clay bricks and we got the fly
ash bricks.
ii. Fly ash brick consists of fly ash which is a residue (left over material) from the
thermal power station as its main component.
iii. It has better properties from every point of view compared to the clay bricks.
iv.
v. Also the construction of fly ash brick is easier than the clay brick. This brick
needs less or no firing.
vi. The strength obtained from this brick is also far way better than the normal
bricks.
vii. The disposal of fly ash was the main issue before it was used as main component
of bricks.
viii. In fact in today's fast growing world where people needs better and sustainable
products fly ash brick has more use and its construction is increasing day-by-
day.
ir.aiktclibrary.org
76
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

Characteristic’s Fly-ash bricks Conventional bricks

Color Uniform pleasing color like Varying color as per soil
cement
Shape & Size Uniform in shape and smooth Uneven Shape as hand made
in finish
Composition Dense Composition Lightly Bonded
Plastering No plastering required Plastering required
Weight Lighter in weight Heavier in weight
Compressive Compressive strength is Compressive strength is
Strength around 100 Kg/cm2 around 35 Kg/cm2
Porosity Less More
Thermal 0.90-1.05 W/m2°C 1.25-1.35 W/m2° C
conductivity
Water Absorption 6-12% 20-25%

Table 9 Fly ash brick VS Conventional Bricks

❖ PVC PIPING

i. PVC piping is one of the world’s most sustainable products, making it ideal for
long-term term use in underground infrastructure. It requires less energy and
fewer resources to manufacture than old-technology materials, and its
production creates virtually no waste.
ii. PVC pipe manufacturing is extremely efficient, with virtually 100 percent of the
PVC compound being used. It takes four times less energy to make than concrete
pipe, and half that used for iron pipe.
iii. There are no smoke stacks at PVC pipe facilities and the product is completely
recyclable, making its environmental footprint far smaller than competing
piping materials. Contrast this with the cement industry – the third-largest
emitter of greenhouse gases in the world.
iv. PVC pipe’s ultra-smooth surface reduces pumping costs and its leak-free joints
eliminate water loss – which can be up to 40 percent in some old-technology
and corrosion-prone piping networks.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
77
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

For those situations where plastic is preferred over non-plastic components for the
identified green building technologies, the primary advantages cited generally
included:

Material flexibility and lighter weight, enabling greater design flexibility, ease of
installation and lower installation time and cost;
Durability and strength combined with chemical, weather and corrosion resistance and
biological inertness, leading to effective performance and long service life in the field;
Ease of colour coding and marking to identify safe acceptable uses and applications;
Cost-effectiveness in terms of manufacturing, transportation and ease of installation;
Recyclability and recycled content improves end-of-life impacts;
Extensive testing and compliance with nationally accepted consensus standards, third-
party certification, and approval in building codes and regulations.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
78
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
CONCLUSION

Water Management:
• 11% of the Total water demand has been reduced by using the Rain water
harvesting technique.
• 22.2% of water is saved from the water which comes through the Municipal
Water supply, this saving is achieved at alternate days throughout the year. With
the help of Grey Water Treatment (Conventional).
• Low-flow plumbing fixtures are used to save the water to certain extent.
• PVC pipes were used which is economical and has a life span of 50+ years.

Renewable energy:
• 11.5 kW capacity of Solar panels are used at outdoor lightning which includes
(Boundry lights, Corridor Lights, Staircase Lights, and Parking Lights) & also
for Lift in the building.

Sustainable Building Materials:

• Fly ash bricks with minimum 70-80% fly ash content were used for 100% of
total volume of bricks.
• Steel having recycled content were used.
• Materials such as Wooden flush doors of recycled content is used, Aluminium
Double Glazed windows is used for controlling the room temperature and
Visual comfort is achieved from the direct sunlight.
• Low VOC paints were used to improve the Indoor air quality, which leds to
achieve lower health issues of the occupant.
• Major percentage of CO2 gases were reduced with the help of recyclable
materials which were used in the construction of the building.

ir.aiktclibrary.org
79
IR@AIKTC-KRRC
CHAPTER 4

REFERENCES

• Amol A. metkari (2014) “Application of Building Information Modelling tools

for Muilding projects” Rajarabapu Institute of Technology, Sangli -415 414,
India.
• Asmaa Salih (2014) “The Effective Contribution of Software Applications in
various disciplines of Civil Engineering”.
• Azidah Abu Ziden, Fatariah Zakaria, and Ahmad Nizam Othman, (2012)
“Effectiveness of AutoCAD 3D Software as a Learning Support Tool”, short
paper from University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
• Chandra Shekhar Singh [2018] Green Construction: Analysis on Green and
Sustainable Building Techniques.
• JinaZuo [2104] “Green building researches-current status and further agenda”.
• Mohammed Zakihider, Rajendra .S, Vijay.K [2016] “Planning Scheduling
Tracking & Application Administration Using Primavera Web Logic P6”.
• Prakash Chandaret. al. (2015), “Applications of Building Information Modling
for Planning and Scheduling of Multi-Storeyed Building”. Jain college of
Engineering Karnataka, India.
• RaiyanMansooriet. al. (2016), “Introductions to Layouts &View point’s”
• Rachna Dhingra [2017]Green Buildings: Status of Construction in India
• Mrs.Sangeetha H M, Mr.Rajeeva S J, Dr G. Narayana [2017] “Planning,
Scheduling, Tracking of Residential Building using Primavera Software P6”

ir.aiktclibrary.org
80
IR@AIKTC-KRRC

THANKYOU

81

ir.aiktclibrary.org