1 Assessment Zone Computer Memory AL® 20 32a 4a) S00) BOLE 27 BT 4 SF Co. bits, by 2. nibble 3. Saving 4. Magnetoresistive 5. memory modules 1 ‘A computer processes and store data and instructions inthe form of ‘wo digits, 0 and L. These digits are called the binary digits or bits. 2. Memory module usually consists of one or more chips on the ‘motherboard or you can stay it consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting tobe executed by the processor. 3. Programmable Read Only Memory, Frasable Programmable ROM and Flectrically EPROM, E. 1. Memory is classified into two types : Primary Memory and Secondary Memory ( Primary Memory : Primary memory is often known as the ‘working memory ot the main memory of a computer system, Primary memory is of two types—volatile and non-volatile, When the computer powers tumed off, volatile memory loses its contents. Non- volatile memory (NVM), in contrast, oes not lose its contents when the computer is tamed off. (Gi) Secondary memory : Secondary memory is used to store data fora long time. It operates ata slower rate than primary memory ‘This memory is permanent in nature, ic. data stored is not lost even when the computer is switched off, So, itis known as non-volatile memory. 2. Thethree common types of RAM are: Dynamic RAM, STATICRAM and Magnetoresistive RAM, Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is inexpensive and the most popular type of ‘main memory used in computers. Many variants of DRAM chips exist, ‘most of which are faster than the basic DRAM. Static RAM (SRAM) is efficient and fst, but is very expensive. SRAM is used in small amounts as cache memory in a computer Cache memory improves the performance ofa computer by storing the data which the computer frequently uses. ‘Magnetoresisive RAM (MRAM) is @ newer type of RAM which stores data using magnetic charges instead of electrical charges. Its ‘manufacturers claim that ithas greater storage capacity, consumes less power and has faster access time than other RAMs, Cache Memory as i improves the processing speed ofthe computer. a 1)2. Computer Virus Assessment Zone © 2@ 30 40 5@ TO Oo2F 3T aT ost Payload 2. Email 3. Trojan Horse virus signature 5. Rague Computer viruses are progeams which are created deliberately to damage eiial information and data 2. Antivirus program detects the changes that the virus causes in computer, 3. A virus signature, also called a virus definition, isa known specific pattem of virus code BE. 1. Boot sector virus attaches itself tothe boot sector ofthe disk. This sector is the part of the disk where startup instructions and the file-alloation tables are kept. This sectors read and loaded into the memory every time the disk is booted. 2, E-mail viruses are spread by files attached to e-mail messages, You cannot got an e-mail virus from @ message that contains ony text. When you open an e-mail tachment that contains a virus, the virus spreads to your computer 3. Ransomware isa virus tha restrict access to your computer system and demands a ransom (money) to be paid in order to remove the restriction 4, G) Install an antivirus program on your computer. Update the software and the virus signature files regularly. i) Always download software and files from trusted websites. Airs entered in my computer a 3. Excel : Creating Worksheet Assessment Zone Undo 4. Merge & Center Borders ALO 2@ 30 40 50 6.) BOLE 2F a7 at 31 67 C1. 1048576, 16584 2. letter, number 3 5.A spreadsheet file is called a workbook, ‘The collection of rows and columns is called worksheet ‘Moving Data allows us to reorganise data in a workshect. ‘Copying data allows us to repeat data in a worksheet without having to retype it E. 1. Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet program that allows us to ‘organize and maintain data, complete calculations and represent data in praphs, 2. ‘The default row height and column width in Excel is 14.40 points and 8.11 characters 3. We need to select cells is Excel to performs tasks like Editing, Caleulating and Formatting 4. Wecan formata worksheet to make it more presentable andattactive. 5. Border is used to seperate specific data from the surrounding cells, FL. The important features of Fxcel are (@ Microsoft Excel is best known for manipulating numeric date (Gi) Excel allows us to share our data with other users. Gil) We can also use Microsoft Excel for organizing data. The row and column format of an Excel spreadsheet is perfect for entering. ‘many types of data you need to track, Alignment means the way in which the datas set within the boundary ‘of acell. By default, Excel automaticaly aligns text data tothe leftand ‘number data to the right. The different alignment buttons are : Align Left, Center, Align Right, Top Align, Middle Align, Bottom Align. 3. Conditional formatting is used to apply formatting on some specific cells that meets the specified condition, To remove conditional formatting (@ Select the cells from where you want to remove the conditional Formatting. i) Click on the Home tab (ii) Click on Conditional Formatting, (iv) Choose Clear Rules. (¥) Click on Clear Rules from Selected Cells from the side menu. ‘The conditional formatting gets removed, G._Using Insert Sheet Rows option, a @4.Excel : Functions and Charts Assessment Zone A c ® 20 3@ 40 56) ) To o27 at 4F s1 T Constant, Formulas 2. Formule Parentheses () 4. Absolute objects 6. Sparklines Formula is a sequence of values, cell reference or operators Functions builtin formula which isused toperforma calculation, Absolute Referencing is used to make cell reference constant while ‘copying formulas. Relative Referencing is used to modify cell reference automatically while copying formulas in other cells. ‘Operators ate symbols which are usedto indicate atype of calculation, 2. SUMO, AVERAGE, MAXO, MINO Every cell in a worksheet has @ unique address, also called cell Sparklines are tiny, word-sized charts that ean appear in a cel ‘When a formula contains more than one operator, Excel performs the calculations in a specific order according to precedence, The order in which Excel performs operations in formulas is called order of calculation. You can use parentheses () to change the order in which Excel performs calculations. Excel performs the calculation inside the parentheses frst To edit a formula Double-click on the cell containing the formula you want to change, or press F2) ‘The formula appears in the cel Excel outlines each cell used inthe formula with a different color (ii) Press the Arrow key to move the insertion point to where you ‘want to remove or add characters (iil) To add data where the insertion point flashes on your sereen, type the data, To delete the data where insertion point flashes, use Backspace or Delete ke (iv) When you finish making changes to the formula, press the Enter key. 4)G 5. 3. Bar Chart: Bar chart can be represented ina tabular format as well as {nthe patter of columns. This chart shows data changes over a period ‘of time and comparisons with some specific or individual items Line Chart : Line chart displays continuous data over the time, set against a common seale and is, therefore, ideal for showing trends in data at qual intervals ‘Area Chart: I displays the magnitude of change over time. Italso ‘hows the relationship of parts to « whole by displaying the sum of a plotted value Pie Chart : This chart has a shape of round pic cut into slices. It displays the contribution of each valucto a total value (represented by overall pie) 4. Charts are graphical representations of the data, Excel offers a wide selection of charts, which help you to display your data in a pictorial way. There are over a dozen chart types, each with several sub-types, provided by Excel Advantages of Charts (@ Charts display a lot of information in an easy to understand forma. (Gi) Data and information can be presented in an attractive manner with the help of a chart (Gil) A chart is more impressive and informative as compared to a simple data statement, 1,52,250, a Pencil2D : Animation Software Assessment Zone A B. c LO 2@ 30) 4) LT 2F aE 4T 3.7 1. bitmap, veetor 2. stage 3. rectangle 4, Playhead 5, Paint Bucket 1 Ls located below the stage. It contains the keyframes and layers that ‘make up an animation, “The Tools Palette on the left is used to draw and point on the stage. Frames enable us to control what appears in animation sequences, ‘Onion skin is used to see several keyframes at onc. Bitmap layer, Vector layer, Sound layer and Camera layer.F. 1, Pencll2D isa fie and ope source 2D animaton/drawing application software I es us cred Wadional hand-drawn grapes es Wells trimaton (artoon) using both bitmap and veto graphics. 2. Animation is series of sill mages displayed in a quick sequence, 5. He se clear Frame Tool 6 a 6. Google Apps ‘Assessment Zone AL® 20 320) 40 S@) 6a) BLT 2F AT aT SF OF ©. 1. Lamy Page, Sergey Brin 2, Gmail 3. Google Calendar 4, classroom, 5. Google Drive 6. Google Nest D. 1. Google Apps are completely based on cloud computing which means storing and accessing data and programms over the Internet, 2. Google Maps use GPS to search the current location of a user, oF to recommend nearby places of interest 3. Google Classroom enables teaches to create an online classroom, invite students to the class create and distribute assignments et. 4. Google Androidis an operating system for mobile computing devices. 5. Google Nest Camis a battery-powered, weather proof security camera that helps you stay informed about the surroundings. 1. Google (wwgoogle.com) is an American public cosporation, specializing in Internet-related services and products, Iti founded in January 1996 by Lary Page and Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students at Stanford University 2. Google Translate is free online langwage translation service which instantly translates text into other languages. The Google Translate app for mobile lets you instantly translate printed text visually, Just ‘open the app, click on the camera and point it atthe text you need to ‘ranslate—a street sign, ingredient lis, instruction manual, et. 3. Google Drive is an online storage that provides you 15 GB of free Google online storage, in which you can keep files, folders, backups and everything important Users ean upgrade their fre 15 GB account ‘through a paid subscription plan to get additional storage. Google Nes. a7. Internet : Services and Technologies ‘Assessment Zone A1L@ 20 30 40 Bout o2F o3T aT oT C. 1. avatars 2, MicrosoR’3. Wifi 4. Amazon. 5. ecommerce D. 1. Bloggingisan exciting and dynamie medium by which we can publish ‘our ideas, opinions and stories online, 2. The blockchain is a secure ledger database shared by all parties participating in a network of computers, 3. Cortana is a personal digital assistant developed by Microsofl, 4. Video conferencing is used to do live meeting between two peoples who are separated geographically. 1. Wireless Internet Access (Wi-Fi) wireless network in computer systems which enables connection tothe Internet or ather devices that have Wi-Fi functionalities. Wi-Fi networks broadcast radio waves that can be picked up by Wi-Fi receivers that are attached to different deviees. 2. Infemet of things (loT) is the network of things that are connected together and pass useful information to each other withthe help of Internet. It connects eleetronie devices such as refrigerators and ACS tothe Internet, sensors and uses software fo connect them to ous daily lives, Users can access the data or control individual objects using the related web or mobile apps. F_ By providing hotspot connection, a 8. Cloud Computing ‘Assessment Zone AL@ 20 20 40) BLT 27 31 4F SF ©. 1. Hybrid 2, Pay-As-You-Go 3. Google Drive 4. Trash 5, Sign outD. 1, laa provides IT inffastructure like servers, storage, network ‘operating system over the Intemet on ‘pay as you go” basis. I isthe ‘most flexible cloud computing model and allows companies to scale storage, processing power or bandwidth, up or down as needed. 2. SaaS is a method for delivering software applications over the Internet, on demand and typically, ona subscription basis. 3. PaaS provides a cloud platform and allows developers to create, rest and run their progrem, website, web app, ete. without having to purchase the hardware and software, E. 1. Cloud computing i atechnotogy that provides resources and services lover the Internet, 2. Service providers provide Intemet Related Services to the Users Google Drive isa cloud storage service developed by Google inwhich ‘we can store our files online and access therm anywhere inthe whole world F. 1, Thereasons for choosing cloud computing are Accessibility : Data and applications are available worldwide from any computer or device with an Internet connection, Cost Saving : The expense of buying software and high-end hardware shifts away from the user. ‘Space Saving : Floor space required for servers and other hardware shifts away from the user. Scalability : It provides the Mexiblity to increase or decrease ‘computing requirement as per the need. 2. The important characteristics of cloud computing are : ‘ Iis probably the most cost-efficient method to use, maintain and ‘upgrade, It eliminates the capital expense of buying hardware and software and other infrastructure ‘ Itallows users to get large storage capacity for storing data and information, ‘¢ Itallows users to access files on he Intemet from any computer or device that has Internet access, ‘¢ Users ean allow others to access their files on the Internet such as listening to an audio File, watching a video clip or viewing aphoto instead of sending the file to them via an email message. 4 Imakes data backup easier and less expensive. G. Using Google Drive, she can easily share the project with her teacher online, a @9. Python : Introduction Assessment Zone A1L@ 20 30) 40 BLT 2F BT 4T SF CLES 2. Keywords 3. Literals 4. indentation 5. statement D. 1. A Token isa smallest element ofa program that is meaningful to the interpreter. 2, Operatorsare the special symbols that carry out arithmetic and logical computations. 3. Comments are used to explain Python code and make it more readable, E. 1. Python was developed by Guido Van Rossum in 1991 2. A random name made out of letters, digits and/or underscore (_) to identify a function name, a program name or @ memory location (variable or constant is known as identifier. 3. Variables are used to store data in the memory. The data can be numbers, fext and/or objects. 4. A python program is made up of one or more physical lines. Each physical line may end with a comment, The text written in the ‘comments are ignored by python, Python uses indentation to express the block structure of a program, An indentation is an empty space at the beginning of block of code, F. 1. Data type is used to define the type of value @ data can contain. It represents what kind of operation ean be done on 2 particular dat, ‘Data types define the way fo store values in the memory. Integer Integers are the whole numbers consisting of + or ~ sign without decimal point such as 1000, ~88, et, Exampl oo>an 12 # Thisisa positive integer value >>>b=—20 # This is anegative integer value Float Float data type represents flosting point numbers which contain decimal point. For example, 0.5, 4.567, 0.001, ete Example: >>> a= 12.5 # This isa float value >be 12 This isan integer value String String isa sequence of characters (alphabets, numbers, operators and punctuation) used to store and represent text-based information,Single quotes (*") and double quotes (*") are used to represent strings in Python, Example: >>>name~“‘seema"” name stores a string >>>password = ‘seema@)123" 2. Theinput() and print( functions are used for standard inputand output ‘operations in Python. An input() funtion is used to get input from user. The print() funetion is used to print the value of given input value or string. It helps to show output on screen, G. Using it() function a 10. Fields of Artificial Intelligence ‘Assessment Zone ALO 20 3@ 4@ 5@ BLP oot 3T 47 SF GC. LANI 2 Robotics 3, simteyie 4 obstacles 5. Machneisaming 6. Deep eaming D1. ASt fers tothe ability of an Al system that could perform any task better than humans with cognitive behaviour. FEAR. and Tie-Tac-Toe. 3. The term Al ethics refers to a set of rules which employ widely accepted standards of right and wrong to guide moral conduct in the development of Artificial Intelligence technologies 4. Privacy Violations and Diseriminations. E. 1. Gaming industry uses AI technology to improve the strategic aspects ‘of games. The main objective of AI in games is to generate responsive, adaptive or intelligent behaviour primarily in non-player characters NPCs) similar to human-like intelligence. , system would become so self-aware that it would surpass the level of cognitive performance and decision-making skills found jn humans, Artificial General Intelligence. a