Grade: 10 Human Eye Board Questions and Answers

1 A person suffering from an eye-defect uses lenses of power - 1D Name the defect he is suffering from
and the nature of lens used.
Myopia, concave/ diverging.
2 An old person is unable to see clearly nearby object as well as distant objects (i) What defect of vision is
he suffering from?
(ii) What kind of lens will be required to see clearly the nearby as well as distant objects? Give reasons?
(a) Presbyopia
(b) He shall have to use both kinds of lenses. Convex lens for long sightedness and concave lens for
shortsightedness.
3 What is dispersion of light?
Name the: (i) component of white light that deviates the least, (ii) component of white light that
deviates the most, while passing through a glass prism.
The splitting of white light into its component colours on passing through a prism/refracting medium
(i) Violet
(ii) Red
4 A beam of white light falling on a glass prism gets split up into seven colours marked 1 to 7 as shown in
the diagram:

(a) The colour at position marked 3 and 5 are similar to the colour of the sky and the colour of gold metal
respectively. Is the above statement made by the student correct or incorrect? Justify.
(b) Which of the above shown positions corresponds approximately to the colour of
(i) a brinjal (iii) Neel which is applied to clothes (ii) danger signal (iv) Orange.
(a) Seven colours
VI BGYOR
123 4567
Correct statement
(b) (i) 1
(ii) 3
(iii) 2
(iv) 6.
5 State the function of pupil of an eye.
Regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye.
6 How is a normal eye able to see distinctly distant as well as nearer objects? What is the distance of
distinct vision?
Eye lens is made up of fibrous material. Its curvature can be changed by ciliary muscles. Which changes
its focal length. When muscles is relaxed the lens is thin and focal length increases. Their eye is able to
 see distant objects similarly when ciliary muscles contract, focal length decreases, and eye is able to see
nearer objects.
Distance of distinct vision. Minimum distance at which objects can be seen distinctly what strain. This is
25 cm.
7 Why do different colour get separated when white light Passes through prism? How can we recombine
the components of white light after a prism has separated them. Explain with the help of figure.
A spectrum is the band of distinct colours we obtain when the white light is split by a prism. We can
recombine the component of white light by passing them through a prism placed upside down near the
given prism. When we pass white light through two identical prisms held side by side with their
refracting edges in opposite directions; the first prism disperses white light but the 2nd prism
recombines the. Thus, light emerging from 2nd prism is white.
8 Suggest reason for each of the following:
(a) The sky near the horizon appears to have a reddish colour at the time of sunset and sunshine.
(b) The sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut in space.
(c) Stars appear to twinkle.
(a) At sunrise and sunset Light has to pass through thicker layers of air and large distance. Shorter
wavelengths are scattered away only larger wavelengths of light reaches us.
(b) No atmosphere, no scattering of light
(c) Due to atmospheric refraction of star light and physical conditions of earth’s atmosphere not being
stationary.
9 Mention the name of a structure found in human eye that controls size of pupil.
Iris
10 (a) What is the least distance of distant vision for the normal eye?
(b) Does the above distance increase or decrease for long-sighted eye? Give reason for your answer with
diagram.
(a) 25 cm
(b) Increases. Rays coming from distant object are focused beyond retina. Only light coming from far
point ‘P’ are focused on retina. fig. 11.3 (b), fig. 11.3 (c), explanation of diagram
11 (a) Why danger signals are red in colour?
(b) What would have been the colour of sky if the earth had no atmosphere? Give reason for your
answer.
(a) Because red colour is least deviated.
(b) Since there will be no particles to scatter light, sky will appear black.
12 (a) Draw a diagram to show the formation of image of a distant object by a myopic eye. How can such an
eye defect be rectified?
(b) State two reasons due to which this eye defect may be caused.

Rectified by concave lens.

(b) Due to excessive curvature of lens or elongation of eyeball.
13 A person is advised to wear spectacles with concave lenses. What type of defect of vision is he suffering
from?
Cataract.
14 Why do stars twinkle while planets do not?
(a) Natural spectrum in the sky (b) after rains caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny drops in the
atmosphere.
15 (a) Explain how a normal human eye is able to see distinctly the object placed at a distance as well as
those placed at a nearer distance.
(b) What is the far point and near point of a normal human eye?
Light travels longer distance at dawn and dusk before it reaches us. Particles scatter blue light due to its
short wavelength. By the time light reaches the eye blue is scattered away. Only red reaches the eye
16 A person is unable to read a book clearly when kept at a distance of 25cm from his eye. Name the
defect. How can it be corrected? Draw ray diagrams for (i) defective eye (ii) Corrected eye and explain
them.
Causes: (a) excessive curvature of cornea (b) elongation of eyeball.
Refer NCERT text page
17 Name the component of white light that deviates the least and most while passing through a prism.
Least Red, most violet
18 Name the part of the eye where image is formed by the eye lens. What is the nature of the image
formed? How is this image sent to the brain?
Retina Real Ritina has light sensitive cells which get retinated upon illumination and generate electrical
signals which are sent to brain via optic nerve
19 A student sitting at the back of the classroom cannot read clearly the letters written on the black board.
Identify the defect from which he is suffering and how is it corrected? Draw a ray diagram for the
correction of this defect.
Suffering from myopia (near sightedness) use concave lens.

20 (a) Mention the names of two phenomenon due to which a rainbow is formed.
(b) Explain with the help of diagram how a rainbow is formed.
(a) dispersion and total internal reflection.
(b) fig 11.8 of NCERT Light is dispersed by water droplets which act like prism. They
refract disperse and the reflect internally
21 Name the two-phenomenon involved in the formation of rainbow.
Dispersion of light and internal reflection.
22 (a) What is meant by dispersion of light?
(b) Mention the colours which bend least and most respectively after white light emerges from a prism.
(a) splitting of white light into its components on passing through a refracting medium.
(b) Violet, red.
23 (a) List the factors on which scattering of light depends.
 (b) What is Tyndall’s effect?
(a) size of particles, wavelength of light (b) The phenomenon of scattering of light by the
colloidal particles gives rise to Tyndall effect.
24 A student sitting on the last bench in a classroom cannot read the black board clearly.
(i) Name the kind of defect of vision the student is suffering from.
(ii) Name the type of spherical lens he has to use to correct this defect.
(iii) State two possible reasons for this defect of vision.
(i) Kind of defect of vision - Myopia (short sightedness)
(ii) Lens to be used - concave lens (diverging lens)
(iii) Reasons - excessive curvature of the eye lens - elongation of the eye ball.
25 Identify out of the following part of the human eye
(i) where image of an object is formed.
(ii) which controls size of pupil
(Cornea, iris, retina, pupil)
Retina, iris.
26 Why do stars appear to twinkle while the planets do not? Explain with the help of diagram.
The star light undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth. As the path of rays of light
coming from the star goes on varying slightly, the amount of light entering the eye changes and the star
appears twinkling. Planets are much closer and act like extended source.
27 (a) What is meant by power of accommodation of eye? A person with a defective vision cannot see
objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What should be the type of the corrective lens used to restore proper
vision? Draw a diagram of thus corrected eye.
(b) A person having presbyopia uses a bifocal lens to restore proper vision. Which part of the this lens is
convex and which part is concave?
(a) The ability of the eye to focus both near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length, is called the
accommodation of the eye. Corrective lens - concave lens.
(b) Bifocal lens – upper part – concave lens; - Lower part – convex lens; (c) fig. 11.2
28 Name the part responsible for the power of accommodation of the human eye.
Ciliary muscles.
29 What is meant by least distance of distinct vision? How does this vary between the very young and old
people?
(a) The minimum distance between the eye lens and the object to form a clear image (b)
at young age least distance of distinct vision is less and for old it is more.
30 Explain why the colour of the clear sky is blue.
Molecules of air have particles whose size smaller than visible wavelength. they can scatter only light of
short wavelength.
Blue light has shorter wavelength while red larger. Therefore, molecules scatter Blue colour more
strongly.
31 State the cause of dispersion when white light enters a glass prism. Explain with a diagram.
Light is made of different colours. Each colour travels at its own speed and wavelength inside a prism.
Therefore, they bend at different angles. Ray diagram of light passing through a prism showing
dispersion inside and spectrum.
32 Name the condition resulting due to the eye lens becoming cloudy.
Cataract.
33 What is a rainbow? When and how is it formed?
(a) Natural spectrum in the sky.
(b) after rains caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny drops in the atmosphere.
34 Explain the cause of the red colour of the Sun at Sunrise and Sunset.
Light travels longer distance at dawn and dusk before it reaches us.
Particles scatter blue light due to its short wavelength By the time light reaches the eye blue is scattered
away. Only red reaches the eye.
35 List two causes leading to myopia of the eye. Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation in case of
defective eye and corrected eye.
Causes: (a) excessive curvature of cornea (b) elongation of eyeball. Refer NCERT text page
36 We can see the sun for few minutes even after it has actually set. Why?
We can see the sun for few minutes even after it has actually set due to atmospheric refraction.
37 How will you use identical glass prisms so that a narrow beam of white light incident on one prism
emerges out of the second prism as a beam of white light. Draw a labeled diagram to illustrate it.
Refer diagram 11.6 Page 193 NCERT Text book.
38 A student has difficulty in reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect
of vision the student is suffering from? What are the causes for this disorder?
The student is suffering from Myopia. He can clearly see nearby objects but is unable to observe distant
objects clearly. This disorder can be corrected by using a concave lens.
Causes of myopia (i) increase in length of eyeball (ii) decrease in focal length of eye lens.
39 What is meant by power of accommodation of eye? The minimum power of eye lens is 40 D, If the far
point of normal eye is infinity find the size of eyeball.
(a) Power of accommodation of eye is the ability of the eye to observe distinctly the objects situated at
widely different distances from the eye on account of change in focal length of eye lens by the action of
ciliary muscles holding the lens.
(b) Minimum power of human eye is 40 D.

When the object is at infinity the image is formed at the retina, in case of normal eye. Therefore, the size
of the eye ball of normal eye=2.5cm.
40 The sky appears dark to the passengers flying at very high attitudes. Why?
Scattering of light is not prominent at higher altitudes.
41 Draw a ray diagram to show refraction of light through a triangular glass prism and show angle of
incidence and angle of deviation.
42 A child has difficulty in reading the blackboard while sitting on the last bench in a classroom. What could
be the defect the child is suffering from? List two main causes of this defect.
The child is suffering from Myopia. He can clearly see nearby objects but is unable to observe distant
objects clearly. This disorder can be corrected by using a concave lens.
Causes of myopia (i) increase in length of eyeball (ii) decrease in focal length of eye lens.
43 (a) Define “power of accommodation of eye”.
(b) A person uses a lens of power -2.0D for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near vision, he
uses a lens of power +1.5D. What is the focal length of the lenses required to correct this disorder?
(a) Power of Accommodation of eye is the ability of the eye to observe distinctly the objects situated at
widely different distance from the eye on account of change in focal length of eye lens by the action of
ciliary muscles holding the lens.
(b) Power of the lens = 1/f
P= -2.5 D.

44 State the nature of the image formed at the retina of human eye.
Real, Inverted and diminished.
45 (a) What is the near point of the human eye with normal vision? (b) Why is a normal eye not able to see
clearly the objects placed closer than the near point?
(i) 25cm.
(ii) This is because the ciliary muscles cannot change the focal length of the eye lens
beyond a certain limit.
46 The sun appears oval (or flattened) at sunrise and sunset but appears circular at noon. Explain, why?
At sunrise and sun set, the sun is near the horizon. The rays of light from the upper part and lower part
of the periphery of the sun bend unequally on traveling through earth’s atmosphere. That is why the sun
appears oval or flattened at the time of sunrise or sunset.
At noon the sun is overhead. The rays of light from the sun enters earth’s atmosphere normally.
Therefore, they suffer no refraction or bending on passing through earth’s atmosphere. Hence, the sun
appears circular at noon.
47 A student has difficulty in reading the black board while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect
the student is suffering from? How can it be corrected? Draw the ray diagrams for (a) defective eye (b)
its correction.
Near sightedness or myopia. This defect can be corrected by using a concave lens of appropriate power.
Diagram Refer to NCERT text book fig 11.2 (b) (c) (page 189)
48 State the range of the human eye with a normal vision.
25 cm to infinity.
49 “Stars seem higher than they actually are” Explain, why?
Stars are independent sources of light, situated very far away from earth. Light from a star first in
vacuum and then enters earth’s atmosphere. As optical density of air increases towards the surface of
earth, light from the star travels from rarer
 to denser layers, bending every time towards normal. On producing the final refracted ray backwards, it
is seen that the apparent position of the star is higher.
50 What is meant by the power of accommodation of the eye? State the role of ciliary muscles in achieving
it.
(i) The ability of an eye to adjust the focal length of the eye lens with the help of ciliary muscles so as to
see the nearby as well as distant objects clearly.
(ii) Ciliary muscles help by contracting and expanding.
51 (a) What is long sightedness? List its causes.
(b) How can it be corrected? Draw the ray diagram for its correction.
It is a defect in which a human eye can see distant objects directly but is unable to see nearby object
distinctly.
Causes: Low converging power of eye lens; Eyeball being too short.
It can be corrected by using convex lens of suitable focal length. Diagram: Refer to NCERT textbook fig
11.3 (page 190)
52 The sky appears dark to passengers flying at very high altitudes. Why?
Due to lack of atmosphere, scattering is not prominent.
53 With the help of a diagram, explain the formation of a rainbow in the sky.
NCERT Page 194, fig 11.8
Caused by dispersion of sunlight by water droplets, they refract and disperse the incident sunlight, and
then reflect it internally and finally refract it again.
54 The following figure shows the defective eye of a person.

(i) Name the defect of vision he is suffering from. How can it be connected?
(ii) List two causes for this defect of vision.
(i) Hypermetropia / far-sightedness / long sightedness.
By using a convex lens.
(ii) - Increase in focal length of eye lens
- shortening of the eyeball.
55 (i) What is meant by “least distance of distinct vision”?
(ii) How does iris control the size of the pupil in bright light and dim light?
(i) The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called the least
distance of distinct vision.
(ii) In bright light, the iris contracts the pupil to allow less light to enter the eye. In dim light, the iris
expands the pupil to allow more light to enter the eye.
56 What is meant by dispersion of light?
The splitting of light into its component colours is called dispersion.
57 A person can see distant sign boards clearly but cannot read clearly a book which is at 25 cm from his
eye. Identify the defect. Draw a labelled ray diagram to illustrate how this defect can be corrected.
Hypermetropia.
Labelled diagram for correction of defect – Refer Fig 11.3 (c) Page 190 NCERT Text book.
58 A person needs a lens of power – 2.5 D for correcting his vision. Name the defect of vision he is suffering
from. Which lens will he be using for the correction? Also find the focal length of the lens.
Myopia; Concave lens.
f = 1/P
= 1/(-2.5)m = - 4m
59 Describe the formation of rainbow in the sky with the help of a labelled diagram.
A rainbow is caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the atmosphere. Water
droplets act like small prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally,
and finally refract it again when it comes out
of the raindrop (Fig. 11.8).