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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN - I

O

C E - 3 2 0

GROUP MEMBERS
AZHAN AHMED CE-22119
M.HAMZA SHEIKH CE-22117
VARINDHER KUMAR CE-22118

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Table Of Content:

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING ( PLAN, ELEVATION,

SECTION)...................................................................... 4-5

1.INTRODUCTION ,NEEDS AND

METHADOLOGY............................................................ 6-7

2. ETABS

MODEL........................................................................... 7

3.COLUMN.................................................................. 8-16

4.BEAMS................................................................... 17-29

5.SLABS........................................................ 30-37

6.FOOTINGS………………………………………………………38-47
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Complex Engineering Problem

Problem Statement:
You are working as a junior structural engineer in a design firm, and you have been assigned to
Complete the preliminary design of the Academic Block G+1 (N- Block), located at the main
campus Of NED UET in the city of Karachi. The contractor is asking you to provide the following
set of Drawings for the execution of construction work.

1. Architectural Drawing

 Plan
 Section
 Elevation

2. Structural Detailing Drawing

 Beam Framing Plan

 Beam Detailing Drawing
 Column Detailing Drawing
 Slab Detailing Drawing
 Footing Detailing Drawing

Requirements:
1. You can refer to figure 1 as reference for the building to be designed for this assignment.
2. Use AUTOCAD for the preparation of architectural and structural drawings.
3. For structural analysis use any software like GRASP, ETAB, or SAP.
4. Present all calculations in the final report.
5. Use A3 pages for all drawings.

SOFTWARES INVOLVED IN CEP

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECTION X-X
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FRONT ELEVATION

ROOF PLAN
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Introduction :
We are learning how to design the structure of any project in this course RCD-I. Additionally, we
will design the structure of a “N” Academic block building for the civil department. The
dimensions of room dimensions were taken from GOOGLE EARTH SOFTWARE and those
dimensions were reconfirmed through measuring-by-measuring tape. Then we design the
structure according to design strategy like first we design column, then beams, then slabs and at
last footing of the structure using knowledge of Reinforced Concrete Design-I. And the
Architecture and Structure Drawings were made through Auto-Cad software, Revit and the
moments and loads of the structural members were calculated through ETABS software.

NEEDS :
In this CEP we will design the structure of five story building containing the six CLASSROOMS,
stairs, project library and washroom for both male and female . The structural elements which
we are required to design are as follows.

 Columns
 Beam
 Slab
 Footing

METHODOLOGY:
Firstly, we marked the column in our architectural plan, beam and slabs according to the
location (Interior , Exterior and Edge ). We divide the two way slabs into one way slab. Exterior
corner columns are carrying less loads as less catchment area is involved for it, And interior
columns and edge columns are carrying more as catchment area is more. Interior , Exterior
and Edge columns and beams named as ID’S ( C1 , B1 ) , ( C2 , B2 ) and (C3 , B3 ) in architecture
design .
Slab Design Parameters Overview

1. Minimum Slab Thickness:

 The minimum slab thickness is 8 inches, as per ACI Code Standards for slabs of long spans.

2. Building Assumptions:

 Structure Type: G+4 (Ground + 4 floors), with future provision for 4 additional floors.

 Future Expansion: Accounting for future load increase due to potential floors.

3. Dead Load Assumptions:

 Self-weight of Slab: This includes the weight of the slab material itself.

 Finishes: A 3-inch thick finish layer is considered above the slab surface.
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4. Live Load Assumptions (per square foot):

 Classrooms: 40 psf.

 Corridors: 100 psf.

 Staircase: 100psf

5. Material Strength:

 Concrete Compressive Strength (F’c): 3 ksi (3000 psi), typical for standard concrete.

 Steel Yield Strength (Fy): 60 ksi (60000 psi), representing the strength of mild steel
reinforcement.

We put the model of our ground + 4 project on ETABS software for

calculating moments in beams to check whether our beams and slabs were
passing in deflection and shear or not at first we draw our plan on Etabs and
then it was converted automatically into 3D and then we assign properties of
specific cross section for our structural members for example column, beam
and slabs and then we placed at them and then we analyzed them and then
it was checked.
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A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that

transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements
below. In other words, a column is a compression member.

Designing of reinforced concrete columns:

 To design a concrete column, you will need to
consider several factors such as the load
it will be supporting, the height of the column, the
width and depth of the column, and the materials
used for the column. Here are the general steps for
designing a concrete column:
 Determine the load that the column will be
supporting. This includes the weight of the
structure, any live loads, and any wind or seismic
loads.
 Determine the height and width of the column. The
height should be sufficient to support the load, and
the width should be determined based on
architectural or aesthetic considerations.
 Calculate the required strength of the column
based on the loads it will be supporting. This can be
done using design codes such as the ACI 318 or the
Eurocode.
 Select the appropriate concrete and reinforcement
materials for the column. The concrete should have
a compressive strength of at least 35 MPa, and the reinforcement should be made of high-
strength steel.
 Determine the appropriate dimensions for the column, including the width, depth, and
reinforcement spacing. The width and depth should be sufficient to provide necessary
strength and stability, and the reinforcement should be spaced to provide the required
ductility.
 Prepare detailed drawings and specifications for the column, including the dimensions,
reinforcement details, and the type and strength of the concrete and reinforcement
materials to be used.
 Finally, execute the design by building the column according to the specifications and
following the relevant codes and standards.
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Please note that this is a general guideline for designing a concrete column, and it is important
to consult with a professional engineer with the right expertise to ensure the safety and stability
of the structure
Here are marked out columns in our plan we gave the names to different columns and then we further
categorize them as ID-01 for exterior column, ID-02 for interior column and ID-03 for exterior edge column
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CALCULATION OF COLUMN

Exterior Column Design ID -01

SELF WEIGHT OF BEAM ID-01 (EXTERIOR)
S.W = 8” \ 12 * 26” \ 12 * 150 lb\ft

S.W = 216.66 lb\ft

Form Beam 01 : ( load on C1 ) ID-02 (EXTERIOR EDGE)

216.66 * 22.83 ’ / 2 = 2473.17 lb

Form Beam 02 : ( load on C1

216.66 * 10.49 ’ / 2 = 1163.46 lb ID-03 (INTERIOR)

UNIT WEIGHT OF BLOCK = 144 lb / ft 3

 CROSS SECTION AREA OF WALL

AREA = thickness of wall * height of wall

AS Height of wall = story height – beam depth

So , 12.66 ‘ - 2.16’ = 10.50 ft
AREA = 6 “ / 12 * 10.50 ’ = 5.25 ft2

 WALLS LOAD FROM BEAMS

1. Wall from beam 1 (load on C1)
WB1 = 5.25*144*22.83 / 2 = 8629.74 lb
2. Wall from beam 2 (load on C1)
WB1 = 5.25*144*10.49 / 2 = 3965.22 lb

 DEAD LOAD FROM SLAB

Self weight of slabs = 8 ” / 12 * 150 = 100 lb/ft2
Finishes load = 36 lb/ft2
Total dead load on slab = 100 + 36 = 136 lb/ft2
Dead load from slab
136* (5.95 * 12.33) = 9977 .43 lb

 SELF WEIGHT OF COLUMNS

SWcolumn = ( cross section * height * 150 lb /ft )
SWcolumn = 8 /12 *18/12 *(5*12 + 5*8/12 +1+9+3 )
SWcolumn = 11450 lb

 SELF WEIGHT OF PARAPET WALL (Beam B1, B2).

SW 1 parapet wall = (3*6/12 )* 144 * 22.83 /2
SW 1 parapet wall = 2465.64 lb
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SW 2 parapet wall = (3*6/12 )* 144 * 10.49 /2

SW 2 parapet wall = 1132.92 lb

 TOTAL DEAD LOADS ( excluding self weight of column and parapet load )
Total = ( load from B1,B2 ) + ( wall load from B1 ,B2 ) + ( dead load from slab )
Total = ( 2473.17 + 1136.38) + (8629.74 + 3965.22) + (9977.43)
TOTAL = 26181.94 lb or( 26.18 kips )

 LIVE LOADS
CLASSROOM = 60 lb / ft2 * catchment area
CLASSROOM = 60 lb / ft2 *(12.33*5.95) = 4401.81 lb

 ULTIMATE LOAD
UL = 1.2(Wd) + 1.6(WL)
UL = 1.2( 26.18 ) + 1.6( 4.40 )
UL = 38.456 kips

 For G+4
Pu = UL*5 +1.2 ( SW columns )
Pu = 38.456*5 +1.2 ( 11.45 + 1.1329 )
Pu = 220 kips (Ultimate load on C1)

C1 COLUMN DESIGN for ( 220 kips )

f’c ( Compressive strength of concrete ) = 4 ksi or ( 4000 psi )

f’y ( yield strength of steel ) = 60 ksi or (60000 psi )

K = 0.8 , Phi = 0.65 ( for tied column )

 STEP 01 :
As we have find the ultimate load
PU = 220 kips
 STEP 02 : ( % of steel (p) 1% - 8% )
P = ASt / Ag
Assume p = 1 %
ASt = 0.01 * Ag
 STEP 03 : ( Nominal Capacity )
PU = phi Pn = phi k * 0.85*f’c(Ag – As ) + Asf’y +
220 = 0.65*0.8* 0.85*4(Ag - 0.02Ag) + 0.02Ag*60 +
Ag = 106.67 in2
 STEP 04 : ( Length of column )
As it’s a rectangular column , ACI says minimum side should be 8 “
Length of column = Ag / 8” = 109.54 / 8” = 13.69
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Length of column take as 15 “

 STEP 05 : Again calculate Ag ( corrected )
Ag = 15” * 8” = 120 in2
 STEP 06 : Area of steel
Ast = 0.01 * Ag
Ast = 0.01 * 120
Ast = 1.2 in2
 STEP 07 : ( check axial load strength of section )
phi Pn = phi K * 0.85*f’c(Ag – As ) + Asf’y +
phi Pn = 0.65 * 0.8 (0.85 *4 ( 120-1.2 ) – 1.2 * 60)
phi Pn = 247.4784 kips
 STEP 08 : ( larger to shorter ratio ) < 3
Ratio = 15” / 8” = 1.875 < 3
 STEP 09 : ( No of bars )
Area of # 4 bar = 0.1963
No of bars = As/Ab = 1.2 / 0.1963
No of bars = 6.112 = 8 bars
 STEP 10 : Check for spacing in ties
S = 16 dia of bar = 16*6/8 = 12 “
S = 48 dia of stirrups = 18 “
S = least dimension = 8 “ ( so choose this )
 STEP 11 : Spacing between main / longitudual bar
S = ( L -2 * cover – 2 * dia stirrups – no of bar / 2 * dia of main bar ) / ( no : of spacing between
bar )
S = ( 15 – ( 2 * 1.5 ) – ( 2 * 3/8 ) * – 8 / 2 *
4/8 ) / 3
S = 3.0833 < 6 So NO additional ties
C1 column ( 8” * 15” ) with 8 # 4
 STEP 12 : ( Checking adequacy )
Pu = 220 kips
phi(Pn) = 247.4784 kips
 This meant the required Pn is 247.47 kips

We calculated the loads on each corner column mention above in table and then we assigned
these corner columns with ID-01 and Designed all these columns on maximum load of
180Kips.
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EXTERIOR EGDE COLUMN DESIGN ID-02

f’c ( Compressive strength of concrete ) = 4 ksi or ( 4000 psi )

f’y ( yield strength of steel ) = 60 ksi or (60000 psi )
K = 0.8 , Phi = 0.65 ( for tied column )
 STEP 01 :
As we have find the ultimate load
PU = 350 kips
 STEP 02 : ( % of steel (p) 1% - 8% )
P = ASt / Ag
Assume p = 2.5 %
ASt = 0.025* Ag
 STEP 03 : ( Nominal Capacity )
PU = phi Pn = phi k * 0.85*f’c(Ag – As ) + Asf’y +
220 = 0.65*0.8* 0.85*4(Ag - 0.025Ag) + 0.025Ag*60 +
Ag = 139.78 in2
 STEP 04 : ( Length of column )
As it’s a rectangular column , ACI says minimum side should be 8 “
Length of column = Ag / 8” = 139.78/ 8” = 17.4 in2
Length of column take as 18“ in
 STEP 05 : Again calculate Ag ( corrected )
Ag = 18” * 8” = 144in2
 STEP 06 : Area of steel
Ast = 0.025 * A g
Ast = 0.025* 144
Ast = 3.6 in2
 STEP 07 : ( check axial load strength of section )
phi Pn = phi K * 0.85*f’c(Ag – As ) + Asf’y +
phi Pn = 0.65 * 0.8 (0.85 *4 ( 144- 3.6 ) + 3.6* 60)
phi Pn = 360.5472 kips
 STEP 08 : ( larger to shorter ratio ) < 3
Ratio = 18” / 8” = 2.25 < 3
Ratio = 2.25 < 3
 STEP 09 : ( Assuming bar number # 7 )
Area of # 7 bar = 0.6013
No of bars = As/Ab = 3.6 / 0.6013
No of bars = 5.987 = 6 bars
 STEP 10 : ( Check for spacing in ties )
S = 16 dia of bar = 16*7/8 = 14”
S = 48 dia of stirrups = 18 “
S = least dimension = 8 “ ( so choose this )
 STEP 11 : Spacing between main / longitudual bar
S = ( L -2 * cover – 2 * dia stirrups – no of bar / 2 * dia of main bar ) / ( no : of spacing between
bar )
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S = ( 18– ( 2 * 1.5 ) – ( 2 * 3/8 ) * – 6 / 2 * 4/8 ) / 3

S = 5.8125 < 6 So NO additional ties
C3 column ( 8” * 15” ) with 6 # 7
 STEP 12 ( Checking adequacy )
Pu = 350 kips
phi(Pn) = 360.5472 kips
 This meant the required Pn of 360.5472 kips

INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN ID-03

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It is a type of structure used in construction and engineering to provide a safe and efficient load
path that effectively distributes weight throughout the foundation of a building. These beams
support the load by resisting being bent under the load's pressure.

Designing and analyzing of reinforced concrete Beam Designing and analyzing a

reinforced concrete beam involves several steps, including determining the loads the beam will
be supporting, calculating the required strength of the beam, selecting the appropriate
materials, and determining the dimensions and reinforcement details. Here are the general
steps for designing and analyzing a
reinforced concrete beam:
 Determine the loads that the
beam will be supporting. This
includes the weight of the
structure, any live loads, and
any wind or seismic loads.
 Calculate the required strength
of the beam based on the loads
it will be supporting. This can
be done using design codes
such as the ACI 318 or the
Eurocode.
 Select the appropriate concrete
and reinforcement materials for the beam. The concrete should have a compressive
strength of at least 35 MPa, and the reinforcement should be made of high strength
steel.
 Determine the appropriate dimensions for the beam, including the width, depth, and
reinforcement spacing. The width and depth should be sufficient to provide the
necessary strength and stability, and the reinforcement should be spaced to provide the
required ductility.
 Prepare detailed drawings and specifications for the beam, including the dimensions,
reinforcement details, and the type and strength of the concrete and reinforcement
materials to be used.
 Analyze the beam using a structural analysis software or by hand calculation to verify
that the beam can support the loads and meet the design requirements.
 Finally, execute the design by building the beam according to the specifications and
following the relevant codes and standards.
18

It is important to note that for the design and analysis of reinforced concrete beams, a
professional engineer with the right expertise is needed to ensure the safety and stability of the
structure.

DESIGING OF BEAM ID -01 SIMPLY SUPPORTED

We calculated the moments on each simply supported beam as. And then the max
moment came out to be 297.94 kips ft on beam between two classes.
Fy = 60 ksi
Fy = 3 ksi
ꞵ = 0.85
Ø = 0.9 ( for
tension control )
slab thickness 8 in
Wall thickness 6 in
finishes thickness 3 in or 36 psf
Beam span length = 24.5 ft
Live load of classroom 60 psf
Live load of corridor 100 psf
Dead loads
slab 100 psf
Finishes 36 psf
Dead load=slab load+finishes load =136 psf
UL=1.2(D)+1.6(L) = 3.9709 kips
max moment mu = 297944.89 lb/ft
Mu = 297.94 kips/ft
Mu=Ru X bd²
Ru=Φρfy(1-ρfy/1.7f'c)
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ρmax =0.63375ρb
Taking f'c=3ksi and fy=60ksi ,β=0.85
ρb = 0.85βf'c/fy*(87/87+fy) = 0.021
ρmax =0.63375ρb = 0.0135
ρmin = 0.0033
Assumed ρ = 0.006
ρ (min) < ρ (assumed) <ρ max
Ru=Φρfy(1-ρfy/1.7f'c) = 0.425 ksi
Bd2 = Mu/Ru = 8227.85 in³
taking b = 8in
d = 32.07.0 in
For 2 layers placement h = d+3.5 = 35.07n
H = 36 in
d = 32.5 in
Ag = 8*36 = 288 in²
As = ρ*Ag = 2.340 in2
Taking #8 bars
Area of 1 # 8 bar = 0.78525
No of bars = As/Area of 1 #5 bar = 2.979
No of bars 4 bars

2.2 Analyzing of Beam 1

Self weight of beam = 300 lb/ft
Moment with self weight of beam
((1.2*300/1000)*24.52) / 8 = 27.01 k/ft
Revised moment = 297.9 + 27.01 = 324.96 k/ft
Ultimate load with self weight of beam
(1.2*300/1000) + 3.970 = 4.330 kips
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Adequacy Check
First find p( rho )
As = 4 * 0.78525 = 3.141 in2
D = 36 – 1.5 – 3/8 – 1 – 0.5 = 32.64 in2
p = As / bd = 2.340 / 8 * 32.64
Provide P = 0.0120
a = Asfy/0.85f'cb = 9.24 in
Mn = 0.9*Asfy(d-a/2) = 4750.19 kips-in
ΦMn = 395.88 kips-ft
Since 324.96k/ft<396.85k/ft
MU<ΦMn = satisfied
2.3 Serviceability Check
2.3.1 Check for deflection:
Minimum depth according to ACI code =
To check for deflection first find L/16
L/16 = ( 24.5 *12 ) / 16 = Span 18.375 in
18.375 in < 25 ( No need to check for deflection )
But we will , do for our confirm
Ig = bh3 /12 = 31104
Fr = 410.796
Ec = 57000*SQRT(3000)
Ec = 3122018.6
Modular ratio => n = Ec/Es = 29000/31122.0
N = 9.29
For the calculation of effective moment of inertia
Or 𝑀�𝑎� > 2/3 Mc => Ie ≠ Ig
If 𝑀�𝑎� ≤ 2/3 Mc => Ie = Ig
21

Y = 24.5 / 2 = 12.5
Ma = 3899.4 k.in
Mcr = fr * Ig / 12.5 = 710.21 kip
Check 𝑀�𝑎� > 2/3 Mc = yes
Distance from compression face to NA “ X ”
bX2/2-nAs(d-X)=0
bX2 = 4 in
nAs = 9.29 * 3.141 = 29.18
2X2 - 29.18 (32.64 – X )
X = 12.20
For Icr
Icr = bX3/2 + nAs(d-X)2 = 0
Icr = 17014 in4
For Ie
Ie = Icr / 1 – ((2/3*Mcr) / Ma )2 * (1 – Icr / Ig )
Ie = 17128.42 in
CALCULATE DEFLECTION FROM DIFFERENT LOAD
Deflection due to distributed load
∆ = 5wL4 / 384*Ec*Ie = 0.172 in
∆ = 5wL4 / 384*Ec*Ie = 0.485 in
Sum of ∆ udl = 0.657 in
Check with value with allowable
deflection
Actual value = 0.745
Immediate deflection due to live load for floors not supporting elements likely to be
damaged:
L / 360 = 24.5*12 / 360 = 0.82 in > 0.745
Immediate deflection due to service roof live, snow and rain loads:
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L / 180 = 24.5*12 / 180 = 1.63 in > 0.745

2.3.2 Crack Width

As = 3.14 in
No bar = 4
Bar dia = 1 in
Step 1 ( finding Cc )
Cc = dcover - bar dia = 2.5 -1*0.5 = 2.0 in
Step 2 ( assume )
Fs = 2/3 fy = 2/3 * 60 = 40 ksi
Maximum spacing = * 15 *40/40 – 2.5( 2.0 ) + = 10 in
Step 3 ( check condition )
S = 12( 40/fs ) = 12 ( 40 / 40 ) = 12 in
10 > 12 in ( ok )
Step 4 ( Spacing provided )
8 – 2.5 - 2.5 = 3 in less than 10 in (ok)
Step 5 ( effective tension area of concrete of one bar )
A = (width * 2 * cover ) / No of bars
A = 8*(2*3.5)/4 = 14 in2
Dc = 2.5 in
Crack width
W = 0.076 ꞵ fs SQRT (Adc) * 10-6
W = 0.0107 in

2.4 Shear design

Using Similar triangles
23

Vmax = Wu*24.5 / 2 = 53.04 kips

Vu = ( 53.04/147 ) * ( 147 – 36.3 ) => Vc = 40.6 kips
Vu = 40.6 kips
λ (for noraml concrete) 1
Φ for shear 0.75
ΦVc=Φ2λ√ (f'c)bwd = 19640 lbs
ΦVc = 19.64 kips
ΦVc/2 = 9.82 k
Since Vu>ΦVc (Shear reinforcement is required)
Vc1 =4√ (f'c)bwd = 56.92 kips
Vc2 = 2 Vc1 => 113.84 kips
For Vs
Vu < Vc2 = ( processed with design )
Vs=(Vu-ΦVc)/Φ = 40.6 kips

Taking #3 bar (two legged).

Av = 0.22 in2
S1 = Avfytd/Vs = 13.8 in
S2 = d/2 = 16.32 in < 24.5
S3 = Avfyt/50bw = 33 in
Selecting least dimension for spacing
spacing 14 in
24

We calculated the moments on top/rear continuous beam and bottom/front

continuous beam and the max moment came out to be as -118kips ft on top/rear
continuous beam. LOADS SHOWN BELOW OF MAX MOMENT TAKING CONTINOUS
BEAM:

HERE
FLEXURAL
DESIGN
COMPLETED
25

HERE
DEFLECTION
AND CRACK
COMPLETED
26

As we calculated deflection and shear from ETABS, the values are coming out as
close as we calculated actually. As our beam is also passing in deflection from in
actual and through ETABS.

As you can see the max shear is on this span below:

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`
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A reinforced concrete slab is a crucial structural element and is used to provide flat
surfaces(floors and ceilings) in buildings. On the basis of reinforcement provided,
beam support, and the ratio of the spans, slabs are generally classified into one-
way slab and two-way slab. The former is supported on two sides and the ratio of
long to short span is greater than two. However, the latter is supported on four
sides and the ratio of long to short span is smaller than two.
Varying conditions and stipulations ask for the selection of appropriate and cost-
effective concrete slab, keeping in view, the type of building, architectural layout,
aesthetic features, and the span length. Concrete slabs, therefore, are further
classified into one-way joist slab, flat slab, flat plate, waffle slab, hollow core slab,
precast slab, slabs on grade, hardy slab, and composite slab.

In our CEP, we have only one way slab as simply supported and continuous which
is one end continuous and two end continuous. We calculated the moments on
both simply supported and continuous slab just like we have calculated in beams.
We have calculated deflection on slab on ETABS as well and verified by the ACI
code.
31

The slab of corridor can be served as simply supported slab, as we have checked
minimum thickness for simply supported slab as per Aci code.
32

DEFLECTION CHEKING THROUGH ETABS

As we can see all the slabs are in safe zone and are passing in deflection.
By ACI CODE, L/360 = 16*12/360=0.53
33

We have calculated the moments on both left side and right side of the corridor
slabs which are serving as continuous slabs.
RIGHT SIDE OF CORRIDOR:

LEFT SIDE OF CORRIDOR:

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So as we can see the max moment came to be on left side of the corridor as Max positive
moment is 3.807 kipft/ft and Max negative moment is -5.537kipft/ft. So now we’ll design
continuous slab on these moments. MAX POSITIVE MOMENT :
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MAX NEGATIVE MOMENT :

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37

Footings are an important part of

foundation construction. They are
typically made of concrete with
rebar reinforcement that has been
poured into an excavated trench.
The purpose of footings is to
support the foundation and
prevent settling. Footings are
especially important in areas with
troublesome soils.
The construction of footings is best
left to the pros that can assess the
soil conditions and decide on the proper depth and width for the footings as well as the
proper placement. The dimensions of footings also depend on the size and type of
structure that will be built. Placement of footings is crucial to provide the proper support
for the foundation and ultimately the structure.

As we have designed three different columns in our CEP as interior, exterior egde,
exterior so now based on that we’ll design our footings for our G+4 project.

FOOTING TO SUPPORT INTERIOR COLUMN

Data:
Single Isolated Footing
Rectangular Interior Tied Column having Dimensions 8” x 21” with R/F 10#8 bars
Unfactored Axial Dead load on Interior Column = 275 K
Unfactored Live Dead load on Interior Column = 111.16 K
αs = 40 (for interior column)
Base of the footing is 5 ft below final grade
Allowable soil pressure is 4 ksf
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Normal Weight Concrete so, λ = 1

F’c = 4ksi
Fy = 60ksi

SOLUTIONS:
1. Assume total depth of footing
Assume 2 ft

2. Calculate the effective soil pressure

WeightFooting = γCONCRETE × depth of footing
WeightFooting= 150 × 2 = 300 psf
Calculate the weight of the soil on top of the footing
Assume unit weight of soil γ = 100 pcf
WeightSoil = 100 × 3 = 300 psf
Total Weight = WeightFooting + WeightSoil = 300+300=600 psf
if one side of the footing is limited to 9 ft.
2. Calculate the effective soil pressure
Effective soil pressure = 4000 − 300 − 300
Effective soil pressure =3400 psf or 3.4 ksf
3. Calculate Area of Footing
Total Service Loads= 275+111.16 = 386.16 kips
Area of Footing = Service Load / Effective soil Pressure qa
Area of Footing =385.16/3.4 = 113.57 ft2
Other side of footing =113.57/9 = 12.61 ft ≅ 13 ft

4. Calculate Ultimate load

Pu= 1.2 D+1.6 L = 1.2 x275+1.6 x 111.16= 507.856 k

5. Net Upward pressure

Effective soil pressure = qu = 507.856/(9×13) = 4.340 ksf

6. Check for one-way shear

The critical section is at a distance d from the face of the column. In the
 C=21
39

longitudinal 13 ft direction

5’-00”
13 1.75 19.5
Vu1 = ( 2 − − )�× 4.340 × 9
2 12
Vu1 =156.26 K
d = 24-1.5-3 = 19.5 in

9’-00”

d = 15.25 <19.5 so okay in

7. Check for Two-way shear

The critical section is at a distance d/2 from the face of the column on 4 sides
The shearing force Vu2 for square column b0 = 4 (c + d)

The shearing force Vu2 for rectangle column b0 =2 *(c1 + d) + (c2 + d)+
The section is subjected to a vertical downward load, Pu, and a vertical
upward pressure, qu Therefore, As we have rectangular column so,

(c 1+ d) = 21 + 19.5 = 40.5 in or 3.375ft

(c 2+ d) = 8 + 19.5 = 27.5 in or 2.291ft
Bo = 2 *(c1 + d) + (c2 + d)+ = 136in
Vu2 = Pu − qu(c 1+ d)(c2+d) = 507.856 – 4.340(3.375)(2.291) = 474.28 K
• β =longer/shorter = 13/9 = 1.44 < 2

d1 =18.38 in so,use
d2 =9.50 in
8. Design steel reinforcement in the longitudinal direction
The critical section is at the face of the support.
• The distance from the edge of the footing is:
40

(L/2 – c/2) = 13/2−1.75/2 = 5.625 ft

L

Mu = 618.03 K-ft

Ru = 180.59 psi
ρ=0.00416

1) As= ρ b d
As= 0.00416 x (9’x12)x19.5=8.77 in2
ρmin = 200/fy(psi) = 0.0033
2) As Flexure= 0.0033 x (9’x12)x19.5=7.02 in2
3) Min As shrinkage= 0.0018bh= 0.0018 x (9’x12)x24=4.665 in2

For Longer Side

Required Area per foot= As/Perpendicular Side = 8.77/9 = 0.974 in2/ft

Spacing= Ab/Area per foot × 12

Using No.7 bar

Ab=0.601 in2 9’
Spacing= 0.601/0.974 × 12 = 7.40 in ≅ 7 in c/c

For Shorter Side

13’
8. Design steel reinforcement in the Shorter direction
#7@7”c/c

The distance from the edge of the foo ting is

(B/2 – c/2) = 9/2 −8/12/2 = 4.166 ft

Mu =489.83 K-ft

Ru = 99.09 psi
41

ρ=0.0022
1) As= ρ b d
As= 0.0022 x (13’x12)x19.5=6.834 in2
ρmin = 200/fy(psi) = 0.0033
2) Min As Flexure= 0.0033 x (13’x12)x19.5=10.14 in2
3) Min As shrinkage= 0.0018bh= 0.0018 x (13’x12)x24=6.73in2
Required Area per foot= As/Longer Side = 10.14/13 = 0.78in2/ft
Spacing= Ab/Area per foot × 12
Using No. 6 bar
Ab=0.442 in2
Spacing= 0.442/0.78 × 12 = 6.80 in ≅ 6 in c/c

#6@6”c/c
#7@7”c/c

FOOTING TO SUPPORT EXTERIOR COLUMN

42

7’

10’
#6@6”c/c
#6@6”c/c
#6@6”c/c
43

FOOTING TO SUPPORT EXTERIOR EDGE COLUMN

8’

12’
#6@6”c/c
44

#6@6”c/c
#6@6”c/c
45