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Lecture 3 - Double Angle Identities

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21 views4 pages

Lecture 3 - Double Angle Identities

Uploaded by

williamkaunda635709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS

From the compound angle formulas;


 sin ( A+ B )=sinA cosB +cos A sinB……………………………………………….(i)
 sin ( A−B )=sin A cos B−cosA sinB………………………………………….......(ii)
 cos ( A+ B )=cosA cosB−sinA sinB ………………………………………………(iii)
 cos ( A−B )=cosA cosB + sinA sinB ……………………………………………….(iv)
tan A + tan B
 tan ( A+ B )= ……………………………………………………………...(v)
1−tanAtanB
tanA−tanB
 tan ( A−B )= ……………………………………………………………..(v)
1+tanA tan B

Double angle formulas are obtained by making the angle the same in some of the formulas
above.

1. Making angle A equal to angle B in equation (i) gives:


sin ( A+ A )=sinAcosA+cosA sinA
∴ sin 2 A=2 sinA cosA

sin 4 A=2 sin 2 Acos 2 A


Similarly; sin 6 A=2sin 3 A cos 3 A and so on
sin 8 A=2sin 4 A cos 4 A

**Note: If angle A is equal to angle B in equation (ii), the result is zero on both sides**

2. Making angle A equal to angle B in equation (iii):


cos ( A+ A )=cosAcosA−sinA sinA
2 2
∴ cos 2 A=cos A−sin A
Similarly;
2 2
cos 4 A=cos 2 A−sin 2 A
cos 6 A=cos 2 3 A−sin2 3 A
2 2
cos 8 A=cos 4 A−sin 4 A

**Note: If angle A is made equal to angle B in equations (iv), we end up with the
fundamental identity; cos 2 A+ sin2 A=1, which is not a double angle formula**
3. Making angle A equal to angle B in equation (v) gives:

1
tanA +tanA
tan ( A+ A )=
1−tanA tanA

2 tanA
∴ tan 2 A= 2
1−tan A
2 tan 2 A
tan 4 A= 2
1−tan 2 A
2 tan3 A
Similarly: tan 6 A= 2 and so on.
1−tan 3 A
2 tan 4 A
tan 8 A= 2
1−tan 4 A
**Note: if angle A is made equal to angle B in equation (vi), the result is 0 on both sides.

Examples
Prove that:
1. 1−cos 2θ=2 sin2 θ
2. 2 cosec 2θ cos 2θ=cotθ−tanθ
tan 2 x (1+ tanx) 2
3. =
tanx 1−tanx

Solutions

2
1. Given: 1−cos 2θ=2 sin θ
Taking the LHS:
1−( cos2 θ−sin2 θ )=RHS
2 2
1−cos θ+sin θ=RHS
1−( 1−sin2 θ ) +sin 2 θ=RHS
2 2
1−1+sin θ+ sin θ=RHS
2
2 sin θ=RHS
2. Given: 2 cosec 2θ cos 2θ=cotθ−tanθ

Taking the LHS:

1
× ( cos θ−sin θ ) =RHS
2 2
2×
sin 2θ

2
2 ( cos2 θ−sin 2 θ )
=RHS
2 sinθ cosθ
2 2
cos θ−sin θ
=RHS
sinθ cosθ

Separating the numerator terms gives:

2 2
cos θ sin θ
− =RHS
sinθ cosθ sinθ cosθ

cosθ sinθ
− =RHS
sinθ cosθ

cotθ−tanθ=RHS

tan 2 x (1+ tanx) 2


3. Given: =
tanx 1−tanx
Taking the LHS:
2 tanx
2
( 1+tanx )
1−tan x
=RHS
tanx

2 tanx ( 1+ tanx )
=RHS
tanx ( 1−tan2 x )

Since: 1−tan2 x is a difference of two square; it can be factorized as follows:

2(1+tanx)
=RHS
(1+tanx)(1−tanx)
2
=R HS
1−tanx

Practice exercise

Prove that:

1+ cos 2 x 2
1. 2
=2 cot x
sin x

3
cos 2 ∅ 2
2. 1− 2
=tan ∅
cos ∅
2
sin x 1 2
3. = tan x
1+ cos 2 x 2
2 tanx
4. sin 2 x= 2
1+ tan x

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