2023

ACADEMIC SUPPORT MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS-XII
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI
H YD ER A BA D REGION

ACADEMIC SUPPORT MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS-XII

SESSION 2023-24
 T.Gopala Krishna Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti,
Deputy Commissioner Regional Office,
Hyderabad(Ministry of
Education,Govt.of India
Dept.of School Education &
Literacy) JNV, Ranga Reddy
Campus,
P.O. Gopannapally,
Lingampally Mandal,
Ranga Reddy Dt.

FOREWORD
I atonement with NEP 2020 and as an organization which is synonym for brand
equity Navodaya Vidyalaya samithi is fully dedicated to cultivating mathematical excellence
among class XII students of JNVs. In this direction, we are unwaveringly committed to
fostering a deep understanding of mathematical principles. Our esteemed faculty, with a
dedicated focus on preparing students for 21st-century challenges and approaching CBSE
Board Examinations with poise, has meticulously crafted a comprehensive set of learning
materials.

Tailored specifically for those gearing up for the February 2024 examinations, our Student
Support Material in Mathematics is an initiative orchestrated by erudite minds in the
Hyderabad Region. This guide, curated by seasoned educators, encompasses various
question types including MCQs, Assertion-Reason, Competency-Based, Case Studies and
Higher Order Thinking Skills—all meticulously aligned with the CBSE syllabus for 2023-24.
The objective of this material is to unravel the intricacies of complex mathematical
concepts, offering students a clear and efficient path to academic triumph.

Our mission is rooted in empowering students to ascend to the next echelon of their
educational journey. We have full confidence that this resource will not only demystify
mathematical intricacies but also instill a profound sense of confidence in our students as
they approach their imminent examinations.

T.GOPALAKRISHNA
Deputy Commissioner
NVS, RO, HYDERABAD
 COURSE CONTENT PREPARED BY

NAME OF THE NAME OF THE TEACHER

S.NO CHAPTER

Relations and Functions Mr.MA Mubalique , PGT Mathematics,

01 JNV, West Godavari

Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Ms.Kota Sudha Rani, PGT Maths, JNV,

02 Matrices, Determinants Nalgonda
Continuity and Differentiation Mr.Sasi Kumar. D, PGT Mathematics
03 JNV, Kollam

Application of Derivatives Ms.R.S.Sreekala, P.G.T.Maths, JNV,

04 Kottayam

Integrals & Application of Integrals Mr.A Raghu, PGT Maths, JNV,

05 Vizianagaram
Mr.K V Ramakrishna
06 Differential equations Yadav , PGT Maths, JNV,
Srikakulam.
Mr.Lali KC , PGT Mathematics
07 Vectors and 3 D Geometry. JNV, Alleppey
Mr.Lali KC , PGT Mathematics
08 Linear programming JNV, Alleppey

Mr.MA Mubalique , PGT Mathematics

09 Probability JNV, West Godavari

Corrections and Suggestions by

1. Mr. S Silvance : Vice Principal, JNV, Puducherry
2. Ms. Suja Mathew : Vice Principal, JNV, Kozhikode

Compilation and Edited by

1. Mr. P. Bhaskar Kumar : Principal, JNV, Mahaboobnagar
2. Mr.Dasi Rajender : Principal, JNV, Siddipet(Medak)
 INDEX
S. No Title Page No.
1 Relations and Functions 07
2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 14
3 Matrices 22
4 Determinants 29
5 Continuity and Differentiability 39
6 Application of Derivatives 54
7 Integrals 64
8 Application of Integrals 75
9 Differential Equations 81
10 Vector Algebra 85
11 Three Dimensional Geometry 91
12 Linear Programming 116
13 Probability 124

5
 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
MCQ (1 Mark Each)
1 Let L denote the set of all straight lines in a plane. Let a relation R be defined by lRm if and
only if l is perpendicular to m ∀ l, m ∈ L. Then R is
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric (C) Transitive (D) None of these
2 Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by nRm if n divides m. Then R is
(A) Reflexive and symmetric (B) Transitive and symmetric
(C) Equivalence (D) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
3 Let N be the set of natural numbers and the function f : N → N be defined by f (n) = 2n + 3 ∀
n ∈ N. Then f
(A) Surjective (B) Injective (C) Bijective (D) None of these
4 Set A has 3 elements and the set B has 4 elements. Then the number of injective mappings
that can be defined from A to B is
(A) 144 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D )64
5 For real numbers x and y, define xRy if and only if x – y + 2 is an irrational number. Then the
relation R is
(A) Reflexive (B) Symmetric (C) Transitive (D) None of these
6 Let f : R → R be defined by f (x) = x 2 + 1. Then, pre-images of 17 and – 3, respectively, are
(A) φ, {4, – 4} (B) {3, – 3}, φ (C) {4, –4}, φ (D) {4, – 4, {2, – 2}
7 Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a relation R on T be defined as
aRb if a is congruent to b ∀ a, b ∈ T. Then R is
(A) reflexive but not transitive (B) transitive but not symmetric
(C) equivalence (D) none of these
8 Consider the non-empty set consisting of children in a family and a relation R defined as aRb
if a is brother of b. Then R is
(A) symmetric but not transitive (B) transitive but not symmetric
(C) neither symmetric nor transitive (D) both symmetric and transitive
9 The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3} are
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
10 If a relation R on the set {1, 2, 3} be defined by R = {(1, 2)}, then R is
(A) reflexive (B) transitive (C) symmetric (D) none of these

6
11 Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if a ≥ b. Then R is
(A) an equivalence relation (B) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(C) symmetric, transitive but (D) neither transitive nor reflexive
12 Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1,3)}. Then
R is
(A) reflexive but not symmetric (B) reflexive but not transitive
(C) symmetric and transitive (D) neither symmetric, nor transitive
13 If the set A contains 5 elements and the set B contains 6 elements, then the number of one-one
and onto mappings from A to B is
(A) 720 (B) 120 (C) 0 D) none of these
14 Let A = {1, 2, 3, ...n} and B = {a, b}. Then the number of surjection from A into B is
(A) nP2 (B) 2n – (C) 2n – 1 (D) None of these
15 Which of the following functions from Z into Z are bijections?
(A) f (x) = x 3 (B) f (x) = x + 2 (C) f (x) = 2x + 1 (D) f (x) = x 2 +1
16 Let f : [2, ∞) → R be the function defined by f (x) = x 2 – 4x + 5, then the range of f is
(A) R (B) [1, ∞) (C) [4, ∞) (B) [5, ∞)
17 Let A = { }
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 0 (B) 8
18 How many one – one relations are possible in set A = { }
(A) 1 (B 6 (C) 9 (B) 8
19 If the set A contains 5 elements and the set B contains 6 elements, then the number of both
one-one and onto mapping from A to B is
(A) 720 (B) 120 (C) 30 (D) 0
20 A function f : R R defined by f(x) = is
(A) Surjective (B) bijective (C)not onto (D) neither one –one nor onto

SHORT ANSWER ( 2 Marks Each )

1 Let A = {a, b, c} and the relation R be defined on A as follows: R = {(a, a), (b, c), (a, b)}.
Then, write minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in R to make R reflexive and
transitive
2
Let f : R → R be the function defined by f (x) = ∀ x ∈ R. Then, find the range of f
;co

7
3 { } is a relation on N , write the range of R
4 Let R be a relation in the set of natural numbers defined as
{ ∈ }, check relation R for reflexivity and transitivity
5 Let R be a relation defined on a set A { } as
{ ∈ }
Show that R is an equivalence relation .Also find equivalence class related to { }
6 Show that the function { } { }defined by f ( x ) = is bijective
:

7 If R N N such that R = { ∈ ∈ }
Find the domain and range of the relation R
8 Given the function f(x) = sinx , Check if the function is one –one for (i) ( 0, (ii)

( )

9 [ ] is defined by f(x) = check whether

;

i) f is one - one
ii) f is onto
10 ;
Let { } and B = { } if f : A B is a mapping defined by then
;

show that f is bijective.

SHORT ANSWER ( 3 Marks Each )

1 Let R be the set of real numbers and f : R → R be the function defined by f (x) = 4x + 5. Show
;
that f is invertible and find
2 Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R in Z as follows: ∀ a, b ∈ Z, aRb if and
only if a – b is divisible by n . Show that R is an equivalence relation
3 ;
Let A = R – {3}, B = R – {1}. Let f : A → B be defined by f (x) = ∀ x ∈ A . Then show
;
that f is bijective
4 Let A = {1, 2, 3, ... 9} and R be the relation in A ×A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d = b + c
for (a, b), (c, d) in A ×A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain the equivalent
class [(2, 5)].
5 A relation R defined on the set of natural numbers N such that x R y when x.y is a square
of an integer. x, y belongs to N .prove that R is equivalence relation
6 If and are two equivalence relations in a set A show that is also an
equivalence relation

8
7 7 ;
Consider the function f : —, - —, - given by f( X ) = show that f is
:7

bijecive
8 Show that the relation R in the set A = { ∈ } given by
R= | | ∈ is an equivalence relation
9 Let T be the set of triangles in a plane with R is a relation in T given by R = {
} show that R is an equivalence relation
10 Consider [ given by f(x) = where R* is the set of all
non zero real numbers . Prove that f is one – one and onto
Long Answer (5 Marks Each )
1 In the set of natural numbers N, define a relation R as follows: ∀ n, m ∈ N, nRm if on division
by 5 each of the integers n and m leaves the remainder less than 5, i.e. one of the numbers 0, 1,
2, 3 and 4. Show that R is equivalence relation. Also, obtain the pairwise disjoint subsets
determined by R
2 Show that the function f : R defined by f ( x ) = ∀ ∈ is neither one one nor
:

onto
3 Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be a relation on N X N defined by (a, b ) R (c, d
) ad = bc for all ( a, b ) and ( c , d ) ∈ N X N .Show that R is an equivalence relation
on N X N .Also find the equivalence class of ( 2, 6 ) i.e [ ]
4 Show that the function f : R { ∈ } defined by f ( x ) = ∈
:| |

–
5 Show that the function for all ∈
Is bijective
6
{ } { } {

Show that f is bijective

7 Let { } and R be the relation defined on A X A as

8 Show that the function –{ } –{ } is bijective

function . Is the result true if the domain – { } is replaced by N ?

9
9 Consider [ Show that function is one
one and onto
10 Prove that the relation R in the set of integers Z defines as ∈ | | is
divisible by 5 is an equivalence relation

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1 An organization conducted bike race under two different categories - boys and girls. There
were 28 participants in all .Among all of them, three from category 1 and 2 from category 2
were selected for the final race .Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants for his
college project. Let B ={ } { } where B represents boys selected and
G represents set og girls selected for the final race
Based on the above information answer the following questions
1. How many relations are possible from B to G ?
2. Among all the p[possible relations from B to G , How many functions can be defined
from B to G ?
3. Let R : B B be defined by R = { }
check is R is an equivalence relation ?
OR
A function f : B G be defined by f = { } check if f is
bijective . Justify your answer.
2 The Earth has 24 time zones, defined by dividing the Earth into 24 equal longitudinal
segments. These are the regions on Earth that have the same standard time. For example, USA
and India fall in different time zones, but Sri Lanka and India are in the same time zone. A
relation R is defined on the set U = {All people on the Earth} such that R = {(x, y)| the time
difference between the time zones x and y reside in is 6 hours}.
i) Check whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
ii) Is relation R an equivalence relation?

10
 Assertion – Reason based questions
The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false but R is true.
1 X = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}. P is a relation on X defined by P = {(0, 2), (4, 2), (4, 6), (8, 6), (2, 4), (0,
4)}. Based on the above information, two statements are given below - one labeled Assertion
(A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option
that correctly describes statements (A) and (R).
Assertion (A): The relation P on set X is a transitive relation.
Reason (R): The relation P has a subset of the form {(a, b), (b, c), (a, c)}, where a, b, c ∈ X.
2 Assertion (A) : The relation f : { } { } defined by f = { }
is a bijective function
Reason (R) : The function f :{ } { } such that f = { } is
one -one
3 Assertion (A) : The relation R in a set A = { } defined by R = {
} have the domain = { } and range = { }
Reason (R) : The domain and range of the relation R is respectively the set of all second and
first entries of the distinct ordered pairs of the relation
4 Assertion (A) : The relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3} defined as
R = {{1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 3)} is equivalence relation
Reason ( R ) : A relation defined on a set A is equivalence relation when R is reflexive ,
symmetric and transitive.
5 Assertion ( A) : Let A = {0, 1} and N be the set of natural numbers. Then the mapping f : N
→ A defined by f (2n–1) = 0, f (2n) = 1, ∀ n ∈ N, is onto function
Reason ( R) : A function f : A B is said to be an onto function if range of f = co
domain of f

11
ANSWERS
MCQ
1 B 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 A
6 C 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 B
11 B 12 A 13 C 14 B 15 B
16 B 17 B 18 B 19 D 20 C

Assertion - Reason Questions

1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. D

12
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SECTION A
(Multiple Choice Questions each carries 1 mark)
  2    2 
1. What is the principal value of cos1 cos 1
  sin sin 
  3    3 

 
(a) 0 (b)  (c ) (d )
2 3
2. Write the value of cos ec tan 1  3   
2 2 3 3
(a)  (b) (c )  (d ) 
3 3 2 2

  1 
3. Write the value of sin  sin 1    (Delhi 2011)
3  2 

1
( a ) -1 (b) 1 (c )  (d ) 0
2

If sin sin 1  cos1 x   1 , then find the value of x.

3
4.
 5 

5 3 5 3
(a) (b)  (c )  (d )
3 5 3 5

  13 
5. Find the value of sin 1 sin 
  7 

13 13  
(a) (b)  (c )  (d )
7 7 7 7

  3 
6. The value of coscos1      is
 6
  2  

1
( a )1 (b) -1 (c )  (d ) 0
2

13
  3 
7. The value of sin 1  cos  is
 5 

 3  3
(a)  (b) (c ) (d ) 
10 5 10 5

8.  
The value of sin tan 1 x , where x  1 is:

x 1 x 1
(a) (b) (c ) (d )
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2 1  x2

9. The principal value of tan 1 3  sec1  2

  2 2
( a ) (b) (c ) (d ) 
3 3 3 3

 2 
10. If cos sin 1  cos1 x   0 , then x is equal to
 5 

1 2
(a) (b) (c ) 0 (d ) 1
5 5
11. The domain of the function cos1 2 x  1 is

( a ) [ 0, 1 ] (b) [-1, 1 ] (c ) ( - 1 , 1 ) (d ) [0,  ]

12. The domain of the function f x   sin 1 x  1 is

( a ) [ 0, 1 ] (b) [-1, 1 ] (c ) [1, 2] (d ) none of these

13. Which of the following is the principal value branch of cos ec 1 x

          
( a)   ,  ( b ) 0,      ( c )  ,  ( d )  ,   0
 2 2 2  2 2  2 2
 
14. The value of tan 2 sec1 2  cot2 cos ec 1 3 is  
(a) 5 (b) 11 (c ) 13 (d ) 15

 3 1
15. The value of tan cos1  tan 1  is
 5 4

19 8 19 3
(a) (b) (c ) (d )
8 19 12 4

14
 
16. The value of expression sin cot1 cos tan 1 1   
1 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c ) (d )
3 3

17. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  then value of cos1 x  cos1 y is
2

 2
(a) 2 (b)  (c )0 (d )
3
18. The domain of y  cos1 x 2  4 is  
( a ) [ 3, 5 ] (b) [0, 1 ] 
(c )  5, 3   5, 3    (d )

  
5, 3  3, 5 
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of

Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

 1 1 
19. Assertion(A): The domain of the function sec 1 2 x is   ,    ,  
2 2    

Reason ( R ): sec  2   
1

4
20. Assertion(A): The function f x   sin x does not possess inverse if

xR
Reason ( R ): The function f x   sin x , is not one-one onto if x  R

21. Assertion(A): The domain of the function cos ec 1 x is the set of all real
numbers.

Reason ( R ): For the function cos ec 1 x , x can take all real values
except in the interval (-1, 1)

15
 SECTION B
( VSA each carries 2 marks)
  
22. Prove that sec2 tan 1 2  cos ec 2 cot 1 3  15 
  
23. Prove that sin cot 1 cos tan 1 x   x2 1
x2  2
 sin x  cos x 
sin 1 
24. Simplify 
 2 
 x 1  1 x 1  
25. Solve tan 1    tan  
 x 2  x  2 4
26. Solve 2 tan 1 cos x   tan 1 2 cos ecx 

  
27. Simplify cos tan 1 sin cot 1 x 
SECTION – E
(Case based/source based/passage based with sub parts each
carries 4 marks )
CASE STUDY - 1

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: (1 + 1 + 2)

16
 1. Find the domain of the function: cos (3 1 .

  3 
2. Evaluate sin 1 cossin 1  Ans.  / 6
  2 

3 
3. Evaluate sin 1  sin   cos cos   tan 1
1 1

 4 
(or)

 
  3  
Write the value of tan 1 2 sin2 cos1  
   ( All India 2013)

   2 

CASE STUDY – 2

Two men on either side of a temple of 30 meters high observe its top at the
angles of elevation 𝛼 and 𝛽 respectively. (as shown in the figure above). The
distance between the two men is 40√3 meters and the distance between the
first person A and the temple is 30√3 meters. Based on the above information
answer the following questions:

1. CAB   
 2  1  3
(a) sin 1   ( b ) sin 1   ( c ) sin 1 2  (d ) sin 1  

 3 2  2 
(OR)

CAB   
1  1  2  3 4
( a ) cos  
1
( b ) cos   (c) cos1   (d )
 cos1  
5 5  2  5

17
 2. BCA   
1
( a ) tan 1  
2
( b ) tan 1 2 (c)
 1 
tan 1   (d ) tan 1 3 
 3
3. ABC 
   
(a) (b) (c) (d )
4 6 2 3
1
4. Domain and Range of cos x
  
( a ) ( −1, 1 ), (0 , ) ( b ) [ −1, 1 ], (0 , ) ( c ) [ −1, 1 ], [0 , ] ( d ) ( −1, 1 ) ,  ,
 2 2 
CASE STUDY- 3

The Government of India is planning to fix a hoarding board at the face of a

building on the road of a busy market for awareness on COVID-19 protocol.
Ram, Robert and Rahim are the three engineers who are working on this
project. “A” is considered to be a person viewing the hoarding board 20 metres
away from the building, standing at the edge of a pathway nearby. Ram, Robert
and Rahim suggested to the firm to place the hoarding board at three different
locations namely C, D and E. “C” is at the height of 10 metres from the ground
level. For the viewer A, the angle of elevation of “D” is double the angle of
elevation of “C” The angle of elevation of “E” is triple the angle of elevation of
“C” for the same viewer. Look at the figure given and based on the above
information answer the following: questions.
1 Is another viewer standing on the same line of observation across the road

and the width of the road is 5 meters.

1. Measure of CAB 
1
(a) tan 2 tan 1 1 (d ) tan 1 3
1 1
( b ) tan   (c)
2
(OR)
Measure of DAB 
18
 3 4
( a ) tan 1   ( b ) tan 1 3 ( c ) tan 1   (d ) tan 1 4
4 3
2. Measure of EAB 
2  11
( a ) tan 1 11 ( b ) tan 1 3 ( c ) tan 1   (d ) tan 1  
 11 2
3. A’ is another viewer standing on the same line of observation across the road. If the
width of the road is 5 meters, then the difference between CAB and CA' B is

1 1 1  2   11 
( a ) tan 1   ( b ) tan 1 
 ( c ) tan   (d ) tan 1  
2  12  5  21 
1
4. Domain and Range of tan x

          
( a ) R+ ,  ,  ( b ) ) R- ,  ,  ( c ) R ,  ,  (d ) R ,  0,

 2 2  2 2  2 2  2

ANSWERS:
1. b 7. a 13. d 19. c x2  1
27.
x2  2
2. a 8. c 14. b 20. a
3. b 9. a 15. a 21. d
4. d 10. b 16. d 
24. x 
4
5. c 11. a 17. a 1
25. x  
2
6. b 12. c 18. d 
26. x  n  ,nZ
4

CASE STUDY-1

1   3 
1.  ,1 2. 3. (or)
3  6 2 3

19
 CASE STUDY-2

1
2
 3
1. ( b ) sin 1   (OR) ( c ) cos1  
 2  2. (d ) tan 1  3 3. ( c )

2
4. ( c ) [ −1, 1 ],
 
[0 , ]

CASE STUDY-3

1 4  11

1. ( b ) tan 1   (OR) ( c ) tan 1   2. (d ) tan 1  
2 3 2
1   
3. ( b ) tan 1   4.( c ) R,  , 
 12   2 2

20
 MATRICES

SECTION - A
(Multiple Choice Questions Each carries 1 mark)

1. If the order of matrix 4 × 3, the order of matrix 4 × 5 and the order of

T T T
matrix 𝐶 7 × 3, then the order of matrix ( × ) × 𝐶

(a)4×5 (�) 3 × 7 (�) 4 × 3 (�) 5 × 7

x 5  3  4  7 6 
2. If 2   , then value of x is:
7 y  3 1 2  15 14

(a)1 ( b) 2 (c ) 3 (d) 4

3. The total number of possible matrices of order 3x3 with each entry 1 or 0 is

( a ) 81 ( b) 128 (c ) 256 (d) 512

4. If a matrix B is both symmetric and skew-symmetric then B is……………..
(a)Null matrix (b) Unit matrix (c) Does not exist (d) none of these
5. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that | | = −1, | | = 3 then find
the value of |3 |.

(a) - 9 (b) - 81 (c) 9 (d) none of these

6.  
If A  aij is a symmetric matrix of order n, then
1
(a) aij  i, j (b) aij  a jii, j (c) aij  a jii, j (d) aij  0i  j
a ji
7. A is a skew-symmetric matrix of odd order , then det A is

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6

8. If A and P are square matrices of same order then PTAP is

(a) symmetric (b) skew-symmetric ( c ) symmetric or skew-symmetric

according as A ( d ) symmetric or skew-symmetric according as P

9. If a matrix has 6 elements, then number of possible orders of the matrices is

i. ( a ) 6 ( b)4 (c ) 12 (d) none of these

21
 10. The diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are

(a)1 ( b) any numbers (c ) 0 (d) none of these

1 2 2
11. If A   2 1 x  is a matrix satisfying AA'  9I , find x
 2 2  1
( a ) 2 ( b) ±2 (c ) -2 (d) none of these
12. If the matrix AB = 0, then
( a ) It is not necessary that either A = 0 or B = 0 (b) A = 0 or B = 0

( c ) A = 0 and B = 0 ( d ) All the above statements are wrong.

a 0 0 
13. Let A  0 a 0 then An is equal to
0 0 a 

a n 0 0 a n 0 0 a n 0 0 na 0 0 
     
(a)  0 an 0  (b)  0 a 0  (c)  0 an 0 (d)  0 na 0 
0 0 a  0 0 a  0 0 a n   0 0 na
  

14. If A, B are square matrices of order 3, A is non-singular and AB = 0, then B is a

( a ) Null matrix ( b) Singular matrix (c ) Unit matrix (d) Non-singular matrix

n 0 0  a b c 
15. If A  0 n 0 and B  d e f  , then AB is equal to
 
0 0 n  g h i 
( a ) B ( b) nB (c ) Bn (d) A + B

1 a
16. If A    , then An ( where n  N) equals
0 1

1 na 1 n 2 a  1 na n na

(a)   ( b)   (c )   (d)  
0 1  0 1  0 0  0 n 
1 2 x  1  2 y 
17. If A  0 1 0 and B  0 1 0  and AB = I , then x + y equals
 
0 0 1  0 0 1 

( a ) 2 ( b) -1 (c ) 0 (d) None of these

22
 18. If A is a square matrix such that A2  A , then I  A  7 A is equal to
3

( a ) A ( b) I - A (c ) I (d) 3A
19. If A is 3 x 4 matrix and B is a matrix such that ATB and BAT are both defined.
Then B is of the type
( a ) 4 x 3 ( b) 3 x 3 (c ) 4 x 4 (d) 3 x 4
20. If A and B are matrices of same order, then ABT – BAT is a
( a ) skew- symmetric matrix ( b) Null matrix (c ) Unit matrix (d) Symmetric matrix

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

21. Assertion (A): Let A and B are 2 X 2 matrices such that AB = I , then A = B-1

Reason ( R ) : If AB = 0 then A = 0 or B = 0

 0 2b  2
22. Assertion (A): If the matrix P   3 1 3  is a symmetric matrix, then
3a 3 3 

2 3
a and b 
3 2

Reason ( R ) : If P is a symmetric matrix, then PT = P

 0  2 3
23. Assertion (A): If A   2 0 6 , then A-1 does not exist.
 3  6 0

Reason ( R ) : If A is a skew -symmetric matrix of odd order, then A is singular.

23
 SECTION-B
(EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

24. Construct a 2 x 3 matrix, wose elements are given by aij 

i  2 j 2
2
1
25. If A is a 3x3 matrix, whose elements are given by aij  i  3 j , find a23 & a12
2

 2  1 10
26. If x    y      , find x & y.
 3  1  5

27. If * + then show that f ( A ) = O, where . Using this find

A 1 .

28. If * + [ ] verify that

 1 2 x
29. Find x if 2 x 3  0
 3 0 8
SECTION – C (Each question carries 3 marks)
3  4 1  2n  4n 
30. If A    , prove by induction that An   where n
1  1  n 1  2n

is any positive integer.

3  4
31. If A   prove that aI  bA  a n I  nan1bA where I is a unit
n

1  1
matrix of order 2 and n is a positive integer.

 2  1  1  8 

32. Find matrix A such that  1 0  A   1  2

 3 4   9 22 

 2  2  4
33. Express the matrix  1 3 4  as the sum of symmetric and skew - symmetric
 1  2  3
matrices.

24
  
 0  tan
34. If A   2  and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show that
 
 tan 0 
 2 

cos  sin  
I  A  I  A
 sin  cos 

SECTION – E
(Case based/source based/passage based with sub parts each carries 4 marks )

CASE STUDY – 1

While working with excel, we need to switch or rotate cells. You can do
this by copying, pasting, and suing the Transpose option. But doing that
create duplicated data. If you don’t want that, you can type a formula
instead using the TRANSPOSE function.

1. A square matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric and skew-

symmetric matrices, and then symmetric part of A is……………

2. A square matrix A is expressed as sum of symmetric and skew-

symmetric matrices, and then skew - symmetric part of A is …………

1 2 5
3. Symmetric part of A  3 2 1 is ……………….
4 5 7
1 2 5
4. Skew - symmetric part of A  3 2 1 is …………………
4 5 7
5. When writing square matrix A as sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric
matrices is symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are unique?

CASE STUDY – 2

Amit, Biraj and Chirag were given the task of creating a square matrix of order 2.
Below are the matrices created b;y them. A, B , C are the matrices created by
25
  1 2 4 0 2 0 
A  ,B    ,C   
 1 3 1 5 1  2
Amit, Biraj and Chirag respectively.
If a = 4 and b = - 2, basing on the above information answer the following:

1. Sum of the matrices A, B and C , A + ( B + C ) is……………….

2. A 
T T
is equal to………………….

3. bAT is equal to ………………

4. AC - BC is equal to…………..

5. ( a + b ) B is equal to………………………

ANSWERS
7. d 13. 13.
a c 19. d 7 5
25. a23  , a12 
2 2
8. b 14. 14.
c a 20. a 26. x = 3, y = - 4
9. d 15. 15.
b b 21. c 1  1 2 
27. A1 
3  2  1
10. a 16. 16.
c a 22. a 28.
11. b 17. 17.
c c 23. a 29. x = 0, - 23/2
12. c 18. 18.
a c 9 / 2 25 / 2 49 / 2 1  2
24.  32. A  
 8 18 32  3 4 


 4  3  3 0  1  5
1  1
33. Ans:
 3 6 2  + 1 0 6 
2 2
 3 2  6 5  6 0 

CASE STUDY – 1

2 5 9   0 1 1 
 A  AT   A  AT  1
5 4 6 
1
1.   2.   3. 4. 1 0  4 5. YES
 2   2  2 2
9 6 14  1 4 0 

CASE STUDY – 2

7 2   1 2  2 2   4  4 8 0 
1.   2.   3.   4.   5.  
1 6   1 3   4  6  6 4   2 10

26
 DETERMINANTS

SECTION A
(Multiple Choice Questions Each carries 1 mark)

1. =[ 𝑗] 2 × 2, | | = −15 𝑗

𝑗 , 21 21 + 22 22 =

(a)15 (b) - 15 (c) 0 (d) - 1

If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that adjA = 64, find A

2.
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 64 (d) none of these

3. The area of a triangle with vertices (-3, 0), (3, 0) and (0, k) is 9 sq. units. The value of k
will be
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c)  3 (d) 6
4. If A is a square matrix of order 3, A  3 , then AAT 
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) -9 (d) -3
1 2 3
5. Find the minor of 6 and cofactor of 4 respectively in the determinant 4 5 6
7 8 9
a) 6, 6 (b) 6, -6 (c) -6, -6 (d) -6, 6

6. If the points (2, -3), (k, -1) and (0, 4) are collinear, then find the value
of 4k.
(a) 4 (b) 7/140 (c) 47 (d) 40/7
2x 5 6  2
7. If  then the value of x is
8 x 7 3

(a) 3 (b) ±3 (c) ±6 (d) 6

8. If the system of equations x + ky – z = 0, 3x – ky – z = 0 & x – 3y + z = 0 has non-
zero solution, then k is equal to
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

27
 5 3 8
9. In the determinant 2 0 1 write the minor of the element a 23
1 2 3

(a) 7 (b) -7 (c) 4 (d) 8

10. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A  5 , then adjA 

(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 125 (d) 1/5

11. If A is a 3X3 matrix such that | | | |

(a) 8 (b) 64 (c) 216 (d) 1/8

12. A is an invertible matrix of order 3 x 3 and det(A) = 5, then det(A-1) is

(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 45 (d) 1/5

13. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that | | | |=3

then find the value of |3 |.

(a) - 9 (b) - 3 (c) - 81 (d) none of these

5  x x  1
14. If the matrix  is singular, find x.
 2 4 
(a) ±3 (b) - 3 (c) 2 (d) 3

15. The value of | | is…………….

1 3
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) 1
2 2

8 0 0
16. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and A ( adjA ) = 0 8 0 , then det A is
 
0 0 8

(a) 8 (b) 64 (c) 512 (d) none of these

17. If A ( 3 , 4) ,B ( 7 , 2) , C ( x , y ) are collinear, then

( a ) x - 2y + 11= 0 (b) x + 2y -11= 0 (c) x +2y +11= 0 (d) none of these

28
 1 2 3
18. The cofactor of the element – 5 in the determinant 4  7  1 is
2 5 6
(a) 11 (b) - 12 (c) – 11 (d) 12

4  1
19. If A    then adjadjA is
3 2 
(a) 121 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 11

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of
Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
2 3  2  3
20. Assertion (A): Inverse of a matrix A    is the matrix A1   
1 2  1 2 
a b   d  b
Reason (R) : Inverse of a square matrix   is  
c d   c a 

 2  1  4 0
21. Assertion (A): For a matrix A    , A.adjA   
 3 4  0 4
Reason (R) : For a square matrix A, A.adjA  adjAA  A I

 1 1 0
22. Assertion (A): Value of x for which the matrix  0 1 2 is singular is 2.
 
 1 0 x 
Reason (R) : A square matrix is singular if A  0

23. Assertion (A): If A is a non-singular square matrix of order 3 X 3 and A  5 then

adjA  125

n1
Reason (R) : A square matrix is singular if A  0 then adjA  A where n is

order of A
29
24. Assertion (A): For two matrices A and B of order 3, A  2 , B  3 then
2 AB  48
Reason (R) : For a square matrix A, A.adjA  adjAA  A I

25. Assertion (A) : The system of equations, x + 2y = 2 and 2x + 3y = 3 are consistent.

Reason(R ): 𝑆 , = |A| = 0

a b 
26. Assertion (A): If A    then adj ( adjA ) = A.
c d 
n1
Reason (R) : If A is a square matrix of order n, then adjA  A .

SECTION-B
(EACH QUESTION CARRIES 2 MARKS)

27. If A is invertible matrix of order 3 and A  5 ,then find adjA and A.adjA

 2 0 0
28. If A   1 2 3 , then find A(adjA)
 
 3 3 5
 5 0 4 1 3 3
 
29. Given A  2 3 2 , B  1 4 3, compute AB 
1 1
   
1 2 1 1 3 4
30. 𝐹 2×2

1  2 6 0
P  
1 4  0 6
 x 2
31. If A    A3  125, x.
2 x 
32. 3 | | = −2 ,

adj2 A

30
 SECTION-D
( EACH QUESTION CARRIES 5 MARKS )

2 1  3 2  1 2 
33. Find the matrix P satisfying matrix equation   P  .
3 2  5  3 2  1

1 2  3
34. If A  3 2  2 , the find A-1 and use it to solve the following system of
 
2  1 1 
equations: x + 2y - 3z = 6, 3x + 2y - 2z = 3, 2x – y + z = 2

2 2  4 1  1 0
35. Given A   4 
2  4, B  2 3 4 , find BA and use this to solve the

 2  1 5  0 1 2
system of equations y + 2z = 7, x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17.

2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
36. Solve    4,    1,    2 using matrices.
x y z x y z x y z
2 3 1 

37. If A   3 2 1  , find A-1 and using A-1 solve the system of equations

 5  4  2
2x - 3y + 5z =11, 3x + 2y - 4z = - 5, x + y - 2z = - 3.

38. Two schools P and Q wants to award their selected students on the values of
Discipline, Politeness and Punctuality. The school P wants to award Rs.x each, Rs.y
each and Rs.z each for the three respective values to its 3,2 and 1 students with a
total award money of Rs.1000. School Q wants to spend Rs.1500 to award its 4,1 and
3 students on the respective values( by giving the same award money for three
values as before). If the total amount of awards for one prize on each value is
Rs.600, using matrices, find the award money for each value. Apart from the above
three values suggest one more value for awards.

31
 SECTION – E
( This section comprises of case – study passage based questions of 4 marks each)
CASE STUDY - 1
39. Manjit wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a school in his village. When
he was asked to give dimensions of the plot, he told that if its length is decreased by
50m and breadth is increased by 50m, thenits area will remain same, but if length is
decreased by 10m and breadth is decreased by 20m, then its area will decrease by
5300m2.

Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:

( i ) Write the equations in terms of X and Y.

( ii ) Represent the given information in the form of matrix equation.

( iii ) Find the value of x ( length of rectangular field )

( iv ) Find the value of y ( breadth of rectangular field )
( OR )
What is the area of rectangular field?
CASE STUDY-2
40. Three friends, Ravi, Sanjay and Ramesh came to Delhi to visit Qutab – Minar. They
are carrying a number of visiting cards but they do not want to reveal the actual
number of it. They start playing with each other in the garden nearby the monument.
Total number of visiting cards they have is 18. Twice the number of visiting cards
Ramesh has when added to Ravi‟s number of cards gives 21. On adding Sanjay‟s and
Ramesh‟s number of visiting cards to thrice the Ravi‟s number of cards, they give
36. ( Assume the number of cards Ravi, Sanjay and Ramesh has are x, y and z
respectively)
Based on this information answer the following questions:

( i ) Write the system of linear equations for the given information.

( ii ) Write the matrix equation for question ( i )

32
 (iii )If A is the coefficient matrix in question (ii), find the value of det A
(OR)

𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 a32 𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒊𝒔

( iv ) Find t𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝑹𝒂𝒗𝒊, 𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒋𝒂𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑹𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒉 have.

CASE STUDY – 3

41. The monthly incomes of two brother Rakesh and Rajesh are in the ratio 3:4 and the
monthly expenditures are in the ratio 5:7. Each brother saves Rs. 15,000 per month.
Read the above information and answer the following questions.

( i ) If monthly income of Rakesh and Rajesh are Rs. 3x and Rs. 4x and
their expenditure are Rs. 5y and Rs. 7y respectively, then write the
system of linear equations for the above problem.
(ii) Write the matrix equation for question (i).

(iii) If A X = B, where A, X and B are matrices then X =……………….

(iv Find monthly incomes of Rakesh and Rajesh .

CASE STUDY - 4
42. Area of a triangle whose vertices are x1, , y1  , x2 , y2  and x3, , y3  is given by the
determinant

1 x1 y1
1
  1 x2 y2
2
1 x3 y3
33
 Since, area is a positive quantity, so we always take the absolute value of the
determinant A. Also, the area of the triangle formed by three collinear points is
zero.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
( i ) Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (-2, 6), (3, -6), and (1, 5).
( ii ) If the points (2, -3), (k, -1) and (0, 4) are collinear, then find the value of 7k.
(iii). If the area of a triangle ABC, with vertices A (1, 3), B (0, 0) and C (k, 0) is 3
sq. units, then a value of k is
(iv). Using determinants, find the equation of the line joining the points
A(1,2) & B(3,6).

CASE STUDY - 5

43. On the occasion of children‟s day Sh. Vinod Kumar, decided to distribute some
chocolates to some children. If there were 8 children less everyone would have got 10
chocolates more compared to original number of chocolates received. However, if
there were 16 children more, everyone would have got 10 chocolates less compared
to original number of chocolates received.

Based on the above information answer the following.

(i) If number of children be „x‟ and Sh. Vinod Kumar has decided to distribute
„y‟
chocolates to each child, then write the system of linear equations for the given
problem.
(ii) write the matrix equation for the given problem.

( iii ) Find the number of children.

(iv) Find the number of chocolates distributed per child.

(OR)
What is the total number of chocolates distributed to children?

34
 44. CASE STUDY - 6

Three shopkeepers Ujjwal, Lohith, and Kundan are using polythene bags, handmade
bags and newspaper's envelope as carry bags. It is found that the shopkeepers Ujjwal,
Lohith, and Kundan are using (20, 30, 40), (30, 40, 20), and (40, 20, 30) polythene bags,
handmade bags, and newspapers envelopes respectively. They spent ฀250, ฀270, and
฀200 on these carry bags respectively. Let the cost of polythene bag, handmade bag
and newspaper envelope costs are x,y and z respectively.
i. What is the Linear equation representing amount spent by Lohith on carry bags?
ii. What is the correct representation of the above problem in matrix form?
iii. What is the cost of one newspaper bag?
iv. Find the total amount spent by ujjwal for handmade bags ?

ANSWERS
1. b 9. a 17. b 25. c  25 15 
33.  
 37  22
2. a 10. b 18. a 26. b 34. x = 1, y = - 5 , z =
-5
3. c 11. c 19. d 27. 25, 125 35. x = 2 , y = - 1 , z =
4
4. a 12. d 20. c 28. 2 I 36. x = 2 , y = 3 , z =
5
5. d 13. c 21. d 29. 37. x = 1 , y = 2 , z =
3
6. d 14. d 22. a  4 2 38.
30.  
 1 1 
7. c 15. a 23. d 31.  3 39.
8. c 16. a 24. b 32. 256 40.

0 1 2
A1   7 7  7
1
34. x = 1, y = - 5, z = - 5 and 35. BA  6I and x = 2, y =
7
 7 5  4
-1, z = 4
 0 1 2
36. x = 2, y = 3, z = 5 37. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3 and A   2 9  23
1

  1 5  13
. .
38. x = 100 , y = 200 , z = 300

39. CASE STUDY-1

1  1  x   50 
1. x – y = 50, 2x + y = 550 2.      
2 1   y  550
35
 3. 200m 4. 150m (or) 30000Sq.m

40. CASE STUDY-2

1 1 1  x  18
( i ) x + y + z = 18, x + 2z = 21, 3x + y + z = 36 ( ii ) 1 0 2  y    21
    
3 1 1  z  36

(iii) 4 (iv) -1 (v) 9,3,6

41. CASE STUDY-3
3  5  x  15000
( i ) 3x – 5y = 15000, 4x – 7y = 15000 ( ii ) 4  7  y   15000 ( iii )
    
X  A1 B

( iv )Rs. 90,000/- & Rs. 1,20,000/-

42. CASE STUDY-4

( i ) 15.5 sq. units ( ii ) 10 ( iii )  2 ( iv ) y = 2x
43. CASE STUDY – 5
5  4  x   40 
(i) 5x - 4y = 40 , 5x - 8y = - 80 ( ii ) 
   y    80 (iii) 32 (iv) 30 (or)
5 8    
960
44.CASE STUDY – 6
20 30 40  x  250
( i )30x + 40 y + 20 z = 270 ( ii ) 30 40 20  y   270 ( iii ) 2 ( iv ) 150
    
40 20 30  z  200

36
 Continuity and differentiability

Continuity of a function at a point

Let f be a real function on a subset of the real numbers and let c be a point in the domain of f.

Then f is continuous at c if

limx c f x = f(c)

i.e. If the left-hand limit, right hand limit and value of the function at x=c exist and are equal

to each other.

i.e. limx c− f x Limx c+ f x f c , then f is said to be continuous at x=c.

Continuity in an interval

f is said to be continuous in (a, b) if it is continuous at every point in this interval.

f is said to be continuous in the interval [a, b] if

 f is continuous in (a, b).

 Limx a+ f x f a

 limx b− f x f b

Geometrical Meaning

f will be continuous at x=c if there is no break in the graph of the function at the point
37
 cf c .

✽ For an interval, there is no break in the graph in the entire interval.

S. No Function f(x) Interval in which continuous

1) Polynomial function R

2) |x a| ∞∞

3) x ;n ; n is a positive integer ∞ ∞ { }

4) p x
; where p(x) and q(x) are polynomials R {x q x }
q x

5) R
sin x cos x

6) π
R n ;n ϵ Z
tan x sec x

7)
cot x cosec x R {nπ; nϵZ}

8)
ex R

9)
log x ∞

Continuity of some functions

If f and g are real valued functions such that f∘g is defined at a. If g is continuous at a and f is
38
continuous at g(a), then f∘g is continuous at a.

Differentiability

f x:h ;f x
For a function y = f(x), the function f ′ x Limh whenever the limit exist is
h

dy
defined to be the derivative of f(x) at x and we write as dx

f c:h ;f c
A function f(x) is differentiable at a point c in its domain if both limh − denotes
h

f c:h ;f c
as L f ′ c and limh + ; denoted as R f ′ c are finite and equal.
h

 f(x) is differentiable in (a, b) if it is differentiable at every point of (a, b).

 f(x) is differentiable in [a, b] if Rf ′ a and Lf ′ b exist and f ′ x exists for every point of

(a, b).

 Every differentiable function is continuous, but the converse is not true.

Multiple Choice Questions

1) For f(x) = x; , the point of discontinuity of the function f[f x ] are

a) 1, 3 b) 1, 2 c) 2, 3 d) None of these

39
2) The function f(x) = |x a| is

a) Continuous and differentiable everywhere

b) Continuous and differentiable nowhere

c) Not continuous at x=a and differentiable at x=a

d) Continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x=a

x x
3) Function f x , is a continuous function for
x x≥

a) All real values of x

b) For x=2 only
c) All real values except 2
d) All integral values of x
4) The number of points at which the function f(x) is not continuous is
x;[x]

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) None of these

√x :7;
5) If f x { x:
if x ≠ is continuous at x then the value of k is
k if x

;
a) b) 0 c) d) None of these

f : ;f ;
6) If f ′ then limh is
h

a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d)

7) The domain of differentiability of the function f x | x | sin x is

a) R b) R , - c) ∞ d) None of these

40
 in x:co x
8) The derivative of cos ; ( ) w.r.t. x is
√

a) b) 1 c) d) None of these
√

9) The derivative of the function f x x|x| at x=0 is

a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 d)

dy
10) If y log(sec ex ) then equals
dx

a) x ex tan ex b) ex tan ex c) xex tan ex d) None of these

dy
11) If y f x and f ′ x e√x then dx equals

a) 2xe √x b) xex c) xe√x d) xex

;√f x
12) If f(4) = 4 and f ′ , then limx is equal to
;√ x

a) b) 1 c) 2 d)

ex ax x
13) The function f x { is differentiable at x=0, then
b x x≥

a) a=1, b=1 b) a=3, b=1 c) a b d) a b

14) If f x |x x| then the value of f ′ is

a) b) 3 c) 5 d)

dy
15) If sin x y log x y then equals
dx

a) 2 b) c) 1 d)

41
 dy
16) If y √sin x y then dx equal

in x in x co x co x
a) b) c) d)
y; ; y ; y y;

x d y
17) If y log (e ), then dx is equal to

; ; ;
a) b) c) x d)
x x x

18) If y etan x , then cos x y equals

a) sin x y b) sin x y c) sin x y d) None of these

d y
19) If x = f(t) and y = g(t), then dx is equal to

f′ g′′ ;g′ f′′ f′ g′′ ;g′ f′′ g′′ f′′ g′ ;g′′ f′

a) b) c) d)
f′ 3 f′ f′′ g′ 3

d y
20) If x t ,y t then dx is equal to

t
a) b) c) d) .
t t

Answers

1) b 2) d 3) a 4) d 5) c 6) b 7) b 8) c 9) b

10) c

11) b 12) b 13) c 14) a 15) d 16) d 17) d 18) c 19) a

20) b

Assertion Reason Questions

42
 These type of questions consist two statements.

Statement Ⅰ is called Assertion(A) and statement Ⅱ is called Reason (R).

Read the statement carefully and choose the correct answer from the four options given

below.

a) Both the statements are true and statement Ⅱ is the correct explanation of statement Ⅰ

b) Both the statements are true and statement Ⅱ is not the correct explanation of

statement Ⅰ

c) Statement Ⅰ is true, statement Ⅱ is false

d) Statement Ⅰ is false, statement Ⅱ is true.

1) If F(x) is defined as

f x f x if x≠
F x ,
if x

sin x x ≠
where f x x ∀ x ∈ R and f x { .
x

Statement Ⅰ: F(x) is continuous on R.

Statement Ⅱ: f x and f x are continuous on R.

Answer : Option (c)

;co x√co x
2) F(x) ; x≠
x

Statement Ⅰ: The value of f(0) so that f(x) is continuous function is .

Statement Ⅱ: limx f x .

43
 Answer : Option (a)

dy
3) Statement Ⅰ: If y f log x and f ′ x ex then dx

dy dy dt
Statement Ⅱ: dx .
dt dx

Answer : Option (a)

4) Let f(x) x |x|; ∀ x ∈ R

Statement Ⅰ: f(x) is continuous at x=0.

x if x ≥
Statement Ⅱ: f x ,
x if x

Answer : Option (a)

5) Statement Ⅰ: f x e;|x| is differentiable for all x.

Statement Ⅱ: f x e;|x| is continuous everywhere.

Answer : Option (d)

6) Let f x x|x| and g x sin x.

Statement Ⅰ: g ∘ f is differentiable at x=0 and its derivative is continuous at that point.

Statement Ⅱ: g ∘ f is twice differentiable at x=0.

Answer : Option (c)

44
 Two Marks Questions

1) Find the value of k so that

in kx
x
f x { x may be continuous at x=0.
x x≥

2) Examine the function f x |x | |x | for continuity and differentiability at

x=1 and x=3.

;co px
x≠
x in x
3) If f x { is continuous at x=0, find p.
x

4) Examine the continuity of the function f x {x if x .

x if x >

π
5) Find the derivative of sin sin x at x √ .

;x
6) Find the derivative of cot ; ( ).
:x

√ :x :
7) Differentiate tan; [ ].
x

⁄ ⁄ ⁄ dy
8) If x y a find dx

8x dy
9) If y ; find
x8 dx
45
 in−1 x
10) Differentiate sin x

Three Marks Questions

π
x tan x if x≠
1) For what value of k so that the function f x { is
k if x

continuous at x=1.

x tan; (x) if x ≠
2) Examine the continuity of the function f x { at x=0 .
if x

x ; x;
3) Is the function f x { x;
if x ≠ continuous at x=2 .
if x

4) Find the value of k so that the function

;co x
if x≠
f x { 8x is continuous at x
k if x

m dy
5) If y (x √x ) , Prove that x (dx) m y

π
6) If f x |cos x sin x| find f ′ (6 )

x a dy
7) If y √a x sin; x⁄a Prove √a x .
dx

√ :x:√ ;x
8) Differentiate sin; * + w.r.t. x.

x ;y dy y
9) If sin; *x + c prove that .
:y dx x

dy
10) If x y e x/x-y=a, prove that y dx x y

46
 Five Marks Questions

1) If the function f defined by

;co x
; x
x
f x a ; x is continuous at x=0, find a.
√x
; x>
{√ 6:√x;

in a: x: in x
if x
x
2) If f x c if x is continuous at x=0 then find a, b and c.
√x:bx ;√x
{ 3 if x >
bx ⁄

3) Find the value of ′ k ′ for which the function f defined as

π
k sin x x
f x { tan x; in x is continuous at x=0.
x>
x3

6x; √ ; x dy
4) If y sin; ( ) find
5 dx

dy ;y
5) If √ x √ y = a (x-y) prove that dx √ .
;x

x+1 x
6) Differentiate sin; * x
+.
: 6

dy y;x
7) If log √x y tan; (x⁄y) then show that dx .
y:x

x dy
8) If y x cos x sin; √x ; find dx

d y dy
9) If x a cos θ b sin θ ; y a sin θ b cos θ; show that y x dx y
dx

−1 x d y dy
10) If y ea co ; x show that x x dx a y .
dx

47
 Case Study Questions (Four Marks)

1) Let f(x) be a real valued function. Then its

f a;h ;f a
 Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.): Lf ′ a limh ;h

f a:h ;f a
 Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.): Rf ′ a limh h

Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x=a if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x=a

exist and both are equal.

|x | x≥
For the function f x {x x
x

Answer the following questions:

i) What is R.H.D. of f(x) at x=1 ?

ii) What is L.H.D. of f(x) at x=1 ?

iii) (a) Check if the function f(x) is differentiable at x=1.

OR

ⅲ) (b) Find the f ′ and f ′ .

Answers: ⅰ) ⅱ) ⅲ) (a) Yes OR ⅲ) (b) and .

2) A function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x=c if

′ ; f c:h ;f c
i) Left hand derivative (L.H.D.) = limh −
h
exists finitely.

48
 ′ : f c:h ;f c
ii) Right hand derivative (R.H.D.) = limh + exists finitely.
h

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

√f x ;
i) If f (9) = 9 and f ′ then find the value of limx 9 √x; .

x f ;9f x
ii) If f (x) is differentiable at x=3, then find the value of limx .
x;

iii) (a) If f (4) =2, f ′ g and g ′ then find the value of

g x f ;g f x
limx .
x;

OR

f x:h ;f x;h
ⅲ) (b) limh if it exists is equal to f ′ x Prove it.
h

Answers: ⅰ) 4 ⅱ) .f ′ f ⅲ) (a) 14 .

π
x a√ sin x x
π π
3) Let f(x) = x cot x b x be a real valued function.
π
{a cos x b sin x x π

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

i) Find the value of limx π− f x

4

π
ii) If f(x) is continuous at x , then find the relation between a and b.

iii) (a) Find the value of lim π+ f x

x
4

OR

49
 π
ⅲ) (b) If f(x) is continuous at x then find the relation between a and b.

π π
Answers: ⅰ) a ⅱ) a b ⅲ) (a) a b OR ⅲ) (b) a+2b=0.

50
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1) The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. then the rate at
which the area increases when the side is 10 cm is

(a) 10 cm2 /sec (b) √3 cm2 /sec (c) 10 √3 cm2 /sec (d) 10/3cm2 /sec
2) A spherical soap bubble is expanding so that its radius is increasing at the rate of 0.02
cm/sec. At what rate is the surface area increasing when its radius is 5 cm? (Take 3.14.)

(a)2.512 cm2 /sec (b) cm2 /sec (c) 253√3 cm2 /sec (d) 112.3 cm2/sec
3) The total revenue received from the sale of x units of a product is given by
R( x) = 3 x2 + 40 x + 10. Find the marginal revenue when x =5
(a) Rs 65 (b) Rs 70 (c) Rs 105 (d) Rs 90 ( ANS:- Rs70)
4) The function f (x) = x x has a stationary point at s

(a) X = e (b) x= 1/e (c) x =1 (d) x = √ (ANS ;- 1/e)

5) The maximum value of sin x cos x is

(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) √ (d) 2√ ( ANS:- ½)

6) The maximum value of (1/x) x is

(a) x = e (b) x= ee (c) e 1/e (d) x = √ (ANS ;- e 1/e)

7) The least value of the function f (x) = x3 – 18 x2 + 96x in the interval [0,9] is
(a) 126 (b) 135 (c) 160 (d) 0 (ANS;- 0)
8) Let f(x) = cos x + 10 x + 3 x2 + x3 , x £ [ -2, 3 ].The absolute minimum value of f (x)
is
(a) 0 (b) -15 (c) 3- 2 (d) none of these (ANS;- -15)
9) The function given by f (x) = cos x is
(a) strictly decreasing in (0, π) (b) strictly increasing in (π, 2π),
(c) neither increasing nor decreasing in (0, 2π). (d) None of the above
2
10) The least value of “ a” such that the function f given by f (x) = x + ax + 1 is strictly
increasing on (1, 2) is
(a) a = – 3 (b) a = – 2 (c) a = – 2 (d) a = 3(Ans- (b))
11) The interval in which y = x 2 e –x is increasing is
(a) (– ∞, ∞) (b) (– 2, 0) (c) (2, ∞) (d) (0, 2)(ANS -d)

51
12) The function f (x) = tanx – 4x is (Ans- (b))
(a) strictly increasing on ( - π/3, π/3)
(b) strictly decreasing on ( - π/3, π/3)
(c) neither increasing nor decreasing on( -π/3,π/3)
(d)none of the above
13) The absolute maximum value and the absolute minimum value of
f(x) = sin x + cos x , x  [0, π]
(a) Absolute minimum value = 1, absolute maximum value = 2
(b) Absolute minimum value = – 1, absolute maximum value = 2
(c) Absolute minimum value = – 1, absolute maximum value = 2
(d) None of these (ANS- (b))
14)The maximum and minimum values of the function f(x) = |sin 4x + 3| are
(a) Minimum = 3; Maximum = 4 (b) Minimum = 0; Maximum = 4
(c) Minimum = 2; Maximum = 4 (d) none of these (ANS:- c)
15) The length of the longest interval in which the function 3 sin x – 4 sin3x increases is
(a) π/3 (b) π/2 (c) 3 π/2 (d) π ( ANS :-a)

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. A cylindrical tank of radius 10m is being filled with wheat at the rate of 314 cubic
metres per hour. Find the rate of increase in the depth of wheat
2. A kite is 120 m high and 130 m of string is out. If the kite is moving away horizontally
at the rate of 52 m/sec. find the rate at which the string is being paid out.
3. A ladder 5 meters long standing on a horizontal floor, leans against a vertical wall. If
the top of the ladder slides downwards at the rate of 10 cm/sec,then what is the rate at
which the angle between the floor and the ladder decreases when the lower end of the
ladder is 2 meters from the wall?
4. The side of a square is increasing at the rateof 0.2 cm/sec. Find the rate of increase of
the perimeter of the square.
5. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at the speed of 5 cm/sec.
At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 8 cm , how fast is the enclosed
area increasing?
6. A particle moves along the curve y = x2 + 2x. At what point(s) on the curve are the x
and y coordinates of the particle changing at the same rate?
7. The bottom of a rectangular swimming tank is 25 m by 40 m. Water is pumped into the
tank at the rate of 500 cubic metres per minute. Find the rate at which the level of water in
the tank is rising.
8. A spherical ball of salt is dissolving in water in such a manner that the rate of decrease of

52
the volume at any instant is proportional to the surface. Prove that the radius is decreasing at
a constant rate.
9. A particle moves along the curve y = x3. Find the points on the curve at which the y-
coordinate changes three times more rapidly than the x-coordinate.
10. Find the point on the curve y2 = 8x for which the abscissa and ordinate change at the
same rate?
11. Find an angle x which increases twice as fast as its sine.
12. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. Find the rate at
which the area is increasing when the side is 10 cm.
13. The total revenue received from the sale of x units of a product is given by R(x) = 10x 2
+ 13x + 24 Find the marginal revenue when x = 5, where by marginal revenue we mean the
rate of change of total revenue w.r. to the number of items sold at an instant.
14. The total cost associated with the production of x units of an item is given by C(x) =
0.007x3 – 0.003x2 +15x + 4000. Find the marginal cost when 17 units are produced, whereby
marginal cost we mean the instantaneous rate of change of the total cost at any level of
output
15. A particle moves along the curve 6y = x3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which the
y-coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinate.

ANSWERS
1)3.14/ M/HR 2) 20 m/sec 3) 1/20 radian/sec 4) 0.8 cm/sec 5) 10r
6) ( -1/2,-3/4) 7) 0.5 m/minute 9) (1 , 1) and (–1 , –1) 10) (2 , 4)

11) /3 12) 10 √3 cm2 /sec 13)₹ 113 14)₹20.967 15)(4,11) and ( -4, -
31/3)

3- MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 4x 3 – 6x 2 – 72x + 30 s strictly increasing
or decreasing.
2. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = – 2x 3 –9x 2 –12x + 1is strictly increasing
or decreasing.
3. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = (x + 1)3 (x – 3)3 is strictly increasing or
decreasing.
4. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sinx + cosx, 0  x  2 is strictly increasing
or decreasing.
5. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sin 3x, x 0, /2] is strictly ]]
in ; ; co
6. Find the intervals in which thefunction f(x) = is strictly increasing or
:𝐶𝑂𝑆 𝑋
decreasing.
7. Find the intervals in which the function f (x) = x3 + 1/x3, x ≠ is strictly increasing or
decreasing
53
 8. Find the intervals in which the function fx = x4 - 4 x3 is strictly increasing or
decreasing. 3

9. Show that y = fx= log( 1+ x ) - x> is an increasing function of x throughout

:
its domain.
in 𝜃
10. Prove that y = - 𝜃 an increasing function on the interval [ 0, / ]
:𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

11. Show that the function f(x) = 4x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 7 is always increasing in R
12. Separate the interval [0, / ] into sub-intervals in which
f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x is increasing or decreasing
13. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f (x) = sin x + cos x
0 x 2π is increasing or decreasing.

14. Find the intervals in which f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 is increasing or decreasing

15. Find the least value of “a” such that the function f(x) = x2 + ax +1 is increasing on [ 1,2]
16. Find the least value of „a‟ such that the function f(x) = x2+ ax +1 is increasing [1,2]. Also,
find the greatest value of „a‟ for which f(x) is increasing on [ 1,2].
17. A man 2 metres high walks at a uniform speed of 5 km/hour away from a lamp-post 6
metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his Shadow increases?

18. A man is walking at the rate of 6.5 km/hr towards the foot of a tower 120m high. At what
rate is he approaching the top of the tower when he is 50 m away from the tower?
19. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3 /sec. The falling sand forms a cone on
the ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the
base. How fast is the height Of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm?
20. A kite is moving horizontally at a height of 151.5 meters. If the speed of the kite is 10
m/sec, how fast is the String being let out, when the kite is 250 m away from the boy who is
flying the kite? The kite of the boy is 1.5 m.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Find two numbers whose sum is 24 and whose product is as large as possible.
2. Show that the right circular cylinder of a given surface and maximum volume is such that
its height is equal to the diameter of the base.
3. A metal box with a square box and vertical sides is to contain 1024 cm 3 of water, the
material for the top and bottom costs Rs 5 per cm2 and the material for the sides costs Rs
2.50 per cm2 . Find the least cost of the box.

4. A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is to be made into a box without top, by cutting a
square from each corner and folding up the flaps to form the box. What should be the side of
the square to be cut off so that the volume of the box is the maximum possible.? Also find
the maximum volume.
54
 5. A rectangular sheet of tin 45 cm by 24 cm is to be made into a box without a top, by
cutting off squares from each corner and folding up the flaps. What should be the side of the
square to be cut off so that the volume of the box is maximum?

6. A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a
square and the other into a circle. What should be the length of the two pieces so that the
combined area of the square and the circle is minimal?

7. Show that the right circular cone of the least curved surface and given volume has an
altitude equal to √2 times the radius of the base.

8. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of the maximum volume and of given slant
height is tan -1√ or cos-1 1/√

9. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the right circular cone of given surface area and
maximum volume is sin-11/ 3

10. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to be constructed so
that its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m3 . If building of tank costs Rs 70 per square metre for
the base and ₹ 45 per square metre for sides. What is the cost of least expensive tank?

11. The sum of the perimeter of a circle and square is k, where k is some constant. Prove that
the sum of their areas is least when the side of the square is double the radius of the circle.

12. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircular opening. The total
perimeter of the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the window to admit maximum
light through the whole opening.

13. Show that of all the rectangles inscribed in a givencircle, the square has the maximum
area.

14. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is
8/ 27 of the volume of the sphere.

15. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be
inscribed in a sphere of radius R is 4/3 R
16. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
sphere of radius R is 2R/√ . Also find the maximum volume

17. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height
h and semi-vertical angle  is 7 h3 tan2 𝛼. Also, show that the height of the cylinder is
h/3.
18. Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse x2 + y2 =1
with its vertex at one end of the major axis.
a2 b2
19. A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at distances a and b from the sides of the

55
triangle. Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is ( a2/3 + b2/3 )3/2

20. If the sum of the hypotenuse and a side of a right-angled triangle is given, show that the
area of the triangle is maximum when the angle between them is /3.

21. If the length of three sides of a trapezium other than the base is 10 cm each, find the area
of the trapezium, when it is maximum.

22. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the
perimeter of the window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the
largest area of the window.

23. Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of the greatest curved surface area that
can be inscribed in a given cone is half of that of the cone

24. An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of cardboard of
area c2 square units. Show that the maximum volume of the box is c3cubic units.
6√

ANSWERS
1) (12, 12) 3) Least cost of the box is Rs 1920 4) 3 cm 5) 5 cm
6)112,28 10) ₹1000

12) Length = 20/ Breadth = 10/ 18. 3√ /

21) 75√ cm2 22) 12 ,18-6√
6-√ 6-√

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

1) Mr Shashi, who is an architect, designs a building for a small company. The design of the
window on the ground floor is proposed to be different from other floors. The window is in
the shape of a rectangle which is surmounted by a semi-circular opening. This window has a
perimeter of 10 m as shown below

Based on the above information answer the following:

56
 (i) If 2x and 2y represent the length and breadth of the rectangular portion of the
windows, then find the relation between the variables x and y
(ii) Find the combined area (A) of the rectangular region and semi-circular region of
the window expressed as a function of x.
(iii) Find the maximum value of area A, of the whole window.
(iv) The owner of this small company is interested in maximizing the area of the
whole window so that maximum light input is possible. For this to happen, find the
length of rectangular portion of the window.
2) Read the passage given below and answer the following questions. To become fit and fine
every person do some physical work or exercises. One morning two friends Mohan and
Ahmed went for a morning walk in a park. They have decided to choose two different
parabolic paths whose equations are y2 = 4x(Mohan) and x2 = 4y(Ahmed) respectively for
their walk.

(i) The point at which both the paths meet is

(A) (0, 4) (B) (4, 0) (C) (0, 0) and (4, 4) (D) they never meet.
(ii) At the point (0, 0) the tangent to the curve y2 = 4x is
(A) parallel to the x-axis. (B) parallel to the y-axis
(C) parallel to the line y = 0. (D) perpendicular to the line x = 0.
(iii) At the point (0, 0) the tangent to the curve x2 = 4y is
(A) parallel to the x-axis (B) parallel to the y-axis
(C) perpendicular to the line y = 0. (D) Parallel to the line x = 0.
(iv) At the point (4, 4) the slope of the tangent to the curve x2 = 4y is
A) 0 B) 2 C) -2 D) ½

57
3) Read the passage given below and answer the following questions. Let P(x) = 4x 3 – 6x2 –
72x + 30 is the total profit function of a company, where x is the production of the company.

(i) What is the value of P‟(x)?

(A) 12 x2 - 12 x + 72 (B)12 x2 + 12 x – 72
(C) x2 - x – 6 (D) 12 x2 -12x – 72
(ii) Determine the critical points of the profit function?
(A) -2, -3 (B) -2, 3 (C) 2, -3 (D) 2, 3
(iii) Check in which interval the profit is strictly increasing .
(A) (– ∞, – 2] (3, ∞) (B) (– ∞, – 2] ∩ [3, ∞)
(C) (– ∞, – 2) (3, ∞) (D) (– ∞, – 2) (3, ∞)
(iv) What is the value of P‟‟(x)?
(A) 24x – 12 (B) 24x + 12 (C) -24x + 12 (D) -24x – 12
4) An open box is to be made out of a piece of cardboard measuring 24 cm x 24 cm by
cutting of equal squares from the corners and turning up the sides.

Based on this information answer all the following Questions.

(i) The volume V(x) of the open box is
3 2 3 2
)4 − 96 + 576 b) 4 + 96 + 576
3 2 3 2
c) 2 − 48 + 288 d) 2 + 48 + 288x
(ii) The value of 𝑉 is
2 2 2 2
a) 12( + 16 − 48) b) 12( − 16 + 48) c) 6( + 8 − 24) d) 6( − 8 + 24)
58
 2 2
(iii) The value of 𝑉/ is
a) 24( + 8) b) 12( − 4) c) 24( − 8) d) 12( + 4)
(iv) For what value of the height, the volume of the open box is maximum
a) 3 cm b) 9 cm c) 1 cm d) 4cm
5) At the request of villagers, a construction agency designs a tank with the help of an
architect. The tank consists of a rectangular base with rectangular sides, open at the top so
that its dept is 2 m and volume is 8 m3 as shown below.

Based on the above information answer the following

(i)If x and y represent the length and breadth of its rectangular base, then the relation
between the variables:
a) x+ y=8 b) x .y=4 c) x+ y=4 d) x/y=4
(ii) If the construction of the tank cost Rs.70 per sq. meter for the base and Rs.45 per
sq. meter for sides, the making cost „C‟ expressed as a function of x is:
a) 𝐶 = 100 + 80( + 4/ ) b) 𝐶 = 180 + 280( – 4/ )
C) 𝐶 = 280 + 180( + 4/ ) d) 𝐶 = 180 + 280( + /4 )
(iii) The owner of a construction agency is interested in minimizing the cost „C‟ of
the whole tank for this to happen the value of x should be
a) 4m b) 3m c) 1m d) 2m
(iv) The Pradhan of the village wants to know the minimum cost. The minimum cost
is
a) Rs.2000 b) Rs.4000 c) Rs.11000 d) Rs.1000
6) You want to make two gardens in the shape of square and circle in front of your house. If
you purchase a wire of length 28m to fence these gardens and you have used x metres of
wire to fence circular garden.
(i) Radius of the circular garden is?
a) /4 b) / c) / 2 d) / 2

59
(ii)Side of squared garden is?
a) −28 b) 28− x c) 28− d) −28
4 42 2
(iii) The combined area of the circular and squared garden is given by?
a) ( /2 ) 2 + ( −28/ 4 ) 2 b) ( 28− / 2 ) 2 + ( / 4 ) 2
c) ( / 2 ) 2 + ( 28− / 4 ) 2 d) ( −28 /2 ) 2 + ( / 4)2
(iv) If you want to minimize the combined area of both gardens without wasting the
wire of length 34m. Then How much length of the wire will be needed to fence the
circular garden
a) 112 m b) 28m c) 28 m d) 112 m
+4 +4 4 +4

60
 INTEGRALS
Multiple choice questions -
1.
∫ 5𝑙𝑜𝑔
5 6
(a) (b)
5 6
5
(c) (d)
2.
∫

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
3.
∫
5 5
(a) (b)
5 5
5 5
(c) ( ) (d) ( )
5 5 5 5

4.
∫
√
(a) | √ | (b) | √ |
; ;
(c) (d) ( )

5.
∫

; ;
(a) (b) ( )

; ;
(c) ( ) (d) 6 ( )

6.
∫
√
(a) |√ | (b) | √ |
(c) | √ | (d) | √ |
7.
∫

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

8. :
∫
+
: :
(a) (b) (c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔

61
9.
( )

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

10.
∫

(a) tan; ( ) (b) tan; ( )

9
(c) tan; ( ) (d) tan; ( 6)

11 | |
∫ ≠
;

(a) 1 (b) -1
(c) 2 (d) -2
12 8 √ ;
Assertion (A): ∫
√ :√ ;

Reason (R): ∫ ∫
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
13
∫ sec
;

(a) -1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2
14
∫

(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 10
15
∫ cos
;

(a) 1 (b)
(c) (d) 0

62
16
∫
cos
(a) tan (b)cot
(c) cot (d) tan[ ]
17
∫| |
;

(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 8
18 8

∫ tan

; :
(a) (b)
8 8
; ;
(c) (d)

19 : ;
∫

; ;
(a)𝑙 (b)
5 5𝑙 𝑙 5 5𝑙
; ;
(c) (d) None of the above
𝑙 5 5𝑙

20
∫| |

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
21 ∫ then the value of a is equal to
: 8

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

22 ⁄6

∫ sec ( )

(a) (b)
√ √

(c) √ (d) √
23 If [ ] then f(x) equal to

(a) a+b (b) (c) (d) b

63
24
∫ tan5
;

(a) 2∫ 4 tan5 (b) 1

(c) 2∫; tan5 (d) 0

4

25
∫

(a) (b)
; ;

(c) (d) None of the above

; 3

26
∫ tan

(a) (b)
:5

(c) (d) :5

27 ;
Anti derivative of :

(a) sec ( ) (b) sec ( )

(c) | ( )| (d) | ( )|

28
∫√

(a) √ (b) 0

(c) (d) 1
√

29
∫
√

(a) (b) 6

(c) (d)

30
∫ tan sin;

(a) 2 (b) 0
(c) -1 (d) 1

64
31
∫ [ log ]

(a) (b)
: :

(c) log (d) log

32 sec
∫
√tan
(a) | √ | (b) | √ |

(c) | √ | (d) | √ |
33 sin cos
∫
sin cos
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
34
∫ ( )
√
(a) | | (b) | |
(c) | | (d) | |
35
∫

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
36 tan √ sec √
∫
√
5 5 5
(a) (√ ) (b) (√ )
5
5 5
(c) ) (√ ) (d) (√ )
37
∫

(a) (b)
; ;

(c) (d)
; ;

38
√
∫
√ √

(a) (b)

(c) (d) 8

65
39
∫

(a) (b)
: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 : 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4
(c) (d)

40
∫( )

(a) (b)
(c) (d)

41
∫
cos
(a) (b)
; ;

(c) (d)
; ;

42
∫

; :
(a) (b) ( )
:
(c) | | (d) : :

43
∫
cos
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
44 sin
∫
cos
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
45
∫
cot
6
(a) (b)
(c) 6 (d)
46
∫

(a) | | (b) :𝑙𝑜𝑔

(c) | | (d) None of the above

66
47
∫

8
(a)𝑙 (b)𝑙
8
(c) (d)𝑙
𝑙

48
∫ cos5

(a) (b)
(c) 1 (d) 0
49
∫

6
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

50 sin cos
∫

(a) | | (b) | |
(c) | | (d) | |
Answers for MCQ’s:
1. b 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. d

6. c 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. b

11. a 12. a 13. d 14. a 15. d

16. a 17. c 18. a 19. b 20. d

21. d 22. a 23. b 24. d 25. b

26. c 27. c 28. d 29. c 30. d

31. d 32. a 33. b 34. b 35. c

36. b 37. c 38. c 39. d 40. b

41. c 42. b 43. a 44. c 45. d

46. a 47. c 48. d 49. c 50. b

67
 SECTION – A
3; 3: ;
1. ∫ ;
9. ∫ √ cos 5
2. ∫ 10. ∫ √
5 ; 4
3. ∫ 3 11. ∫;
; :5x
𝑠 3 : 𝑐𝑜𝑠3
4. ∫ ⁄ :5 𝑠
𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 12. ∫ ( )
:5 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑠 𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠
5. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 13. ∫
𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠 : 𝑠
4
√ 𝑠 𝑐 √ 14. ∫
6. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠
√ ;
; 15. ∫ tan; ( )
7. ∫ : ;
:
: :𝑙𝑜𝑔
8. ∫

3 𝑠 3
1. 2. 3.

4. Secx – cosecx + c 5. Tanx – x + c 6. 5

√
5
; 3 6
7. log 8.
:𝑙𝑜𝑔
9.
6 12. 0
10. 11.
13. 14. tanx + c 15. 0

SECTION – B

; ⁄
1. ∫ tan; √ 8. ∫; | |
:
9. ∫ 4 𝒄𝒐𝒔
2. ∫ √ 𝒔𝒊𝒏
: :
10. ∫
3. ∫[√ √ ] 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 :𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝑠 :𝑐𝑜𝑠
4. ∫ 11. ∫ 4
9: 6𝑠
5. ∫√ 12. ∫ | | | | | |
:
6. ∫ √5 ; ;
𝑐𝑜𝑠
7. ∫ :𝑠 :𝑠

68
1. [ cos; √ ]+c 2. tan; tan;

3. √ tan; (
;
) 4. * +
8
√
: :
5. √ | 6. √ sin; +
√ |+c
7. 8.
√
9. 10.
9
9
11. 12.
SECTION – C
𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠
1. Evaluate ∫ co 5. Evaluate ∫ 4
; co ; 𝑠 : 𝑐𝑜𝑠4
: ;
2. Evaluate ∫ 6. Evaluate ∫ 3
; ;5 ;
5 : : :
3. Evaluate ∫ √ 7. Evaluate ∫
: : : :
( ; )
4. Evaluate ∫
;

8. Prove that : ∫ 4 log 8

9. Prove that ∫ log = ∫ log =

10. Evaluate: ∫ 𝒔𝒆𝒄 :𝒕𝒂𝒏

11. Evaluate : ∫ log

12. Evaluate ∫ 4 𝒄𝒐𝒔
√ 𝒔𝒊𝒏
13. Evaluate ∫ *log +
𝑙𝑜𝑔
14. Sketch the graph of y = |x + 3| and evaluate ∫;6 |x |
15. Evaluate ∫ 3
√𝑠 in :

16. Prove that ∫ log

5
17. Prove that ∫ 5
| 5:
|
: 5

18. Prove that ∫ | |

: :
𝑠 :𝑐𝑜𝑠 √ ;
19. Prove that ∫ 3 sin; ( )
√𝑠
6
og :
20. Prove that ∫ : 8

21. Prove that ∫ 3

:√
6

22. Prove that ∫ *𝑙𝑜𝑔 +

𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔

23. Prove that ∫ 4 (√ √ ) √

24. Prove that ∫ (√ √ ) √
25. Prove that ∫ sin; √ :

69
Answers :
co ; ; ;√6
1. |co |+c 2. | | | |+c
in ; ; √6 ; :√6

3. √ | |√ | 4. log| | log| |

;
5. tan; 6. ;

7. tan; tan; 8. Prove

√ √
9. Proof 10.
11. √
12. 9
13. *log + 14. 9
𝑙𝑜𝑔
; in :
15. 𝑠 √ +c
𝑠

SECTION – D
EVALUATE THE FOLLOWING INTEGRALS
𝑐𝑜𝑠
1. ∫ 𝑠 12. ∫ [ ]
:𝑐𝑜
2. ∫ : og 𝑠
13. ∫; | |
:
3. ∫ ;
14. ∫ √
; : :
4. ∫ ( )
;
15. ∫ ( )
5. If ∫ , find „a‟
;
6. ∫;
| ; |
, x ≠ 2 is equal to – 2 16. ∫ cos ; ( )
:
;

7. ∫ 17. ∫ 3 :√
6

8. ∫ 7 18. ∫
;
19. ∫; √ 5
9. ∫
tan−1 20. ∫
10. ∫ 4
:
11. ∫ : −
Answers
1. 2. log log 3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔

4. ; 5. a = 2 6. a = - 2

7. 8. 0 9.

(tan−1 ) 11. 12. 3

10.
13. 14. log(secx) + c 15. 0
1
16. 17. in ;tan−1
18.
√5
√ ;
19. 20.

70
 ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS
Two statements are given below - one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that correctly describes statements
(A) and (R).
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
:
1. Assertion (A) :∫ tan;
: : √ √
;
Reason (R) :∫ tan ( )
:

2. Assertion (A) :∫
Reason (R) :
3. Assertion (A) :∫
[ ′ ]
Reason (R) : ∫
8 √ ;
4. Assertion (A) :∫
√ :√ ;
Reason (R) :∫ ∫

Answers
1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A

71
72

APPLICATIONS OF THE INTEGRALS

Multiple choice questions -
1. The area of the region bounded by the curve and the lines x = 2 and x = 3
is…….
5
(a) (b)
7
(c) sq units (d)

2. The area of the region bounded by the curve and the lines y = 1 and
y = -1 is…….
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
3. The area bounded by the line and the axes is …..
9
(a) (b)
9 9
(c) (d) 5
4. The area bounded by the lines is…….
(a) 2 sq. units (b)
(c) (d)
5. The area of the region bounded by the line , x-axis and the line x=2 and
x = 8 is……
(a) 90 sq. units (b) 6 sq. units
(c) 96 sq. units (d) 10 sq. units
6. The area of the region bounded by the line , x-axis and the lines x=2 and
x=4 is……
(a) 5 sq. units (b) 6 sq. units
(c) 3 sq. units (d) None of these
7. The area enclosed by the circle is ….
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
8. The area enclosed by the circle is equal to ….
(a) (b)
(c) √ (d)

9. The area of the region bounded by the circle is equal to ….

(a) π sq units (b) π sq units
(c) π sq units (d) π sq units
73

10. The area of the region bounded by the circle is equal to ….

(a) π sq units (b) π sq units
(c) π sq units (d) π sq units
11. The area under the curve √ including between the lines x = 0 and x = a
is…….

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
12. If we draw the region { ⁄ √ } and x-axis then the area of the region
is…….
(a) π sq units (b) π sq units
(c) π sq units (d) π sq units
13. If we draw a rough sketch of the curve √ in the interval [1, 5], then the
area under the curve and between the lines x = 1 and x = 5 is …..
OR
The area enclosed between the curve √ , the x-axis and the line x = 5
6 8
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units
6 (d) None of these
(c) sq. units
9

14. The area of the region bounded by the curve √ and x-axis is….
(a) (b) π sq units
(c) π sq units (d) π sq units
15. The area of the region bounded by the circle and the lines x=0 and x=2
in the first quadrant is …..
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

16. The area enclosed by the ellipse is…….

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
17. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse is…..
5 6

(a) π sq units (b)

(c) (d) π sq units
18. The area of the region bounded by the ellipse is…..
6 9

(a) π sq units (b)

(c) π sq units (d) π sq units
74

19 The area of the region bounded by the ellipse is…..

9
(a) π sq units (b)
(c) (d) π sq units
20. The area of the region bounded by the curve line x = 2 and x- axis is…….
(a) (b)
8
(c) (d)

21. The area of the region bounded by the curve and the line y=16 is…..
56
(a) (b)
6 8
(c) (d)

22. The area of the region lying in the first quadrant, bounded by the curve ,
x = 0, y = 1 and y = 4 is …..
(a) 9 (b)
6
(c) (d) 9

23. The area of the region bounded by the curve y-axis and the line y=3 and y=4
is ……….
7
(a) (b)

7 7
(c) (d)

24. Area of the region bounded by the curve

9
(a) (b)
9 9
(c) (d) 5

25. The area of the region bounded by in the first

quadrant is……
8
(a) (b) 8
9 9
(c) (d) 8

26. Find the area of the region from the following figure.

6
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units
75
6
(c) sq. units (d) sq. units
27. The area under the curve √ included between the lines x = 0 and x = 1 is….
(a) (b)
5 7
(c) (d)
7 9
28. The area bounded by the curve y and y is is
……….
8 76
(a) (b)
9 57
(c) (d)

29. The area of the region bounded by the lines

9
(a) (b)
5
9
(c) (d) 5
30. If we draw a rough sketch of the graph of y = x then the area under the curve above the
x-axis and the lines x = 2 and x = 3 is ……
5 9
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

31. The area enclosed by the lines y = 0, y = x, x = 1, x = 2 is …….

9 5
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
32. The area of the region bounded by the curve and the lines x = 2, x =3, and x-
axis is ……
6
(a) (b)
9 9
(c) (d)

33. The area of the region lying in the first quadrant and bounded by , x = 0, y =
1, and y = 4 is …..
5 7
(a) (b)
9 9
(c) (d)

34. The area of the region lying in the first quadrant and bounded by , x = 0, y
= 1 and y = 4 is………
5
(a) (b) 9
9 9
(c) (d)
76

35. Area bounded by the curve , the x-axis and the ordinates x = -2 and x = 1 is…
; 5
(a) (b)
5 7
(c) (d)
36. The area bounded by the curve ; and the line x = 1, x = 5 and x-axis is…..

(a) (b)
9

(c) (d)
5 7

37. The area of the curve | | bounded by the line x = 2 and y-axis is……
(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units
(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. unit
38. The area bounded by the curves | | is…….

(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units

(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. unit
39. The area bounded by the curve | |, x-axis and the ordinates x = -1 and x =1
is…..
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
40. The area of the shaded region by the curve y sin in the figure

(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units

(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. unit
41. The area of the region bounded by the curve sin between the ordinates

(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units

(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. unit
42. The area of the region bounded by the curve cos between the ordinates

(a) 2 sq. units (b) 4 sq. units

(c) 3 sq. units (d) 1 sq. unit
77

43. The area bounded by the curve , x- axis and ordinates x =0 and x = 2 is ….
(a) (b)
(c) (d) None of these

44.. If the area above the x- axis bounded by the curves and x = 0 and x = 2 is
then the value of k is …..
og

(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 3 (d) 1
45 The area of the region bounded by the curve between the
ordinates corresponding t = 1 and t = 2 is …..
56 8
(a) (b)
6
(c) (e)

Answers for MCQ’s

1 c 2 a 3 c 4 b 5 c
6 a 7 a 8 b 9 b 10 d
11 a 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 a
16 c 17 a 18 c 19 a 20 d
21 b 22 a 23 a 24 b 25 a
26 c 27 a 28 b 29 c 30 a
31 c 32 c 33 b 34 b 35 b
36 c 37 a 38 d 39 c 40 a
41 d 42 a 43 b 44 d 45 a

ASSERTION AND REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS

In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason(R). Pick the correct option:
A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
E) Both A and R are false
1. Assertion (A):
78

The area of the region bounded by the curve x-axis and the lines x = a and
x = b is given by ∫ ∫
Reason (R) :

The area of the region bounded by the curve y-axis and the lines y = a and
y = b is given by ∫ ∫

2. Assertion (A):

Area = |∫ |

Reason (R): If the curve under consideration lies below x-axis, then from
x = a to x = b, the area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the ordinates x = a, x = b
and x- axis is negative. But, if the numerical value of the area is to be taken into
consideration, then Area = |∫ |

3. 8
Assertion (A): The area bounded by
8
Reason (R):The area bounded by
4. Assertion (A): The area bounded by 5 9
Reason (R):The area bounded by

5. Assertion (A): The area enclosed by the circle

Reason (R): The area enclosed by the circle

6. Assertion (A):The area under the curve √ including between the lines x
= 0 and x = a in the first quadrant is
Reason (R): The area bounded by the curve √ is
79

7. 8
Assertion (A): The area of the parabola bounded by its latus rectum is sq.
units

8
Reason (R): The area of the parabola bounded by its latus rectum is sq.
units
8. Assertion (A): Area of the region bounded by is
8
sq. units.

Reason (R): Area under a curve and above x-axis lying between the
ordinates x = a and x = b is given by ∫

9. Assertion (A): Area of the region given by { | ≥ }is

.

Reason (R): Area under a curve lying to the right of y-axis and between
the lines y = a and y = b is given by ∫

10. Assertion (A): The area bounded by the curve in the first quadrant with
co-ordinate axes is 1 sq. unit

⁄
Reason (R): ∫ cos

Answers:
1 b 2 a 3 a 4 A 5 a
6 c 7 a 8 a 9 D 10 a

CASE STUDY TYPE QUESTIONS

1. The bridge connects two hills 100 feet apart. The arch of the bridge is 10 feet above
the road at the middle of the bridge as shown in the figure. Based on the above
information answer the following questions.

(i) Write the equation of the parabola designed on the bridge?

5
(ii) Evaluate the value of the integral ∫;5 5
5
(iii) Verify the integrand of the integral ∫;5 5 is even function or odd
function
(iv) Find the area formed by the curve
80

(v) Find the area formed between

2. A farmer has a piece of land. He wishes to divide equally in his two sons to maintain
peace and harmony in the family. If his land is denoted by area bounded by curve
and x = 4, above the x-axis and to divide the area equally he draws a line
x = a.
Based on the above information answer the following questions.
(i) Find the area bounded by the curve and x = a
(ii) Find the area bounded by the curve and x = 4
(iii) Evaluate ∫ √
(iv) What is the value of a?
3. An architect designs a building whose lift (elevation) is from outside of the building
attached to the walls. The floor (base) of the lift (elevation)is in semi-circular shape.
The floor of the elevator (lift) whose circular edge is given by the equation
and the straight edge (line)is given by the equation y = 0.
Based on the above information answer the following questions.

(i) Write the length of each vertical strip of the region between the curves
and y = 0
(ii) Write the length of each horizontal strip of the region between the curves
and y = 0, in the first quadrant.
(iii) Write the area of a vertical strip given between and y = 0
(iv) Find the area of the region of the floor of the lift of the building?
4. A student designs a boat with triangular sail on the walls and three edges (lines) at
the triangular sail are given by the equations
respectively.

(i) Write the length of each vertical strip of the sail?

(ii) Find the point of intersection of the edges (lines)

(iii) Write the length of each horizontal strip of the sail?

(iv) Find the area of the region bounded by the line ,x=0
and y = 0
 81

5. A student designs an open air Honeybee nest on the branch of a tree, whose plane
figure is parabolic form and the branch of tree is given by a straight line
y=4.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the point of intersection of the parabola and straight line
y=4
(ii) Write the length of each horizontal strip of the bounded region
(iii) Write the length of each vertical strip of the bounded region
(iv) Find the area of the region bounded by the parabola and the line
y=4
6. A mirror is in the shape of an ellipse represented by
hanging on the wall. Arun and his sister were playing with ball
inside the house, even their mother refused to do so . All of a
sudden, ball hit the mirror and got a scratch in the shape of line
represented by .
Based on the above information answer the following questions.

a. Find the point of intersection of mirror and scratch

b. The value of ∫ √
c. The area of the smaller region bounded by the mirror and the scratch

CASE STUDY
√
CS- (i) (iii) An even (iv) 5) (
(ii)
1 function
√ )
CS- 3 3 3 4
(i) (ii) (iii) ( ) (iv) 3
2
CS- (iv) sq.un
(i) √ (ii) √ (iii) √ its
3
CS- (iv) 4 sq.
(i) 4-2x (ii) (2, 0) (iii) (4-y)
4 units
6
CS- (i) (-4, 4) and (4, 4) (ii) √ (iii) (iv) sq.
5 units
CS – (i) (a, 0) and (0, b) (ii) (iii) ( )
6
 82

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Find the area enclosed by the Circle x2 + y2 = a2.

2. Find the area enclosed by the Ellipse .
3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = x and the lines x =1, x = 4 and the x – axis.
4. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 9x and the lines x =2, x = 4 and the x – axis
in the first quadrant.
5. Find the area of the region bounded by .
6 9

6. Find the area of the region bounded by .

9
7. Find the area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the circle x 2 + y2 = 4 and the lines x = 0
and x = 2.
8. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y2 = 4x, y – axis and the line y = 3.
9. Find the area of the region bounded by the line y = 3x + 2, the x – axis and the ordinates x = – 1
and x = 1.
10. Find the area under the given curves and given lines: y = x2, x = 1, x = 2 and x – axis.
11. Find the area of the region bounded by the line y = x4, x = 1, x = 5 and x – axis.
12. Sketch the graph of y = |x + 3| and evaluate∫;6 | | .
13. Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x = 2.
14. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x3, the x – axis and the ordinates x = – 2 and x = 1.
15. Find the area bounded by the curve y = x|x|, x – axis and the ordinates x = – 1 and x = 1.
16. Using Integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines 3x – 2y + 1 = 0,
2x + 3y – 21 = 0 and x – 5y + 9 = 0.

Answers:-

1  a2 Sq.Units 2  ab sq units 3 sq units 4 16 – 4 2 sq.units

5 12  sq.units 6 6 sq units 7  sq units 8 9
sq units
9 10 7 11 624.8 sq units 12 9 sq units
sq units sq units
13 4 sq units 14 7 15 16
sq units sq units sq units
83

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
1 MARK QUESTIONS (MCQ):-
1.The Degree of the differential equation ( ) =( ) is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4.
2.order and degree of differential equation [ ( ) ] = respectively are
(a) 1,2 (b)2,2 (c) 2,1 (d) 4,2
3.The solution of the differential equation 2x -y = 3 represents a family of
(a) straight lines (b) circles (c) parabolas (d) ellipses.
4.The integrating factor of differential equation (xlogx) + y = 2logx is
(a) (b) logx (c) log(logx) (d) x
(5)A solution of the differential equation ( ) -x + y = 0 is
(a) y =2 (b) y = 2x (c) y = 2x-4 (d) y = 2 - 4 .
6.Which of the following is not a homogeneous function of x and y?
(a) +2xy (b) 2x-y (c) ( )+ (d) y = 2 - 4.
(7)The solution of the differential equation + = 0 is
(a) + =c (b) logx.logy = c (c) xy = c (d) x +y = c.
8. Solution of the differential equation x + 2y = is
:𝑐 4 :𝑐 4 :𝑐
(a) y = (b) y = +C (c) y = (d) y = .
9.Differential equation which as solution of the form y = A cos(mx) + B sin( mx),where A and B
are arbitrary constants is
A) - y = o (b) + y=o (c) –my=o (d) +my=o .

10.Solution of - y = 1 , y(o) = 1 is given by

(a) xy = - (b) xy = - ; (c) xy =-1 (d) y = 2 -1.
:
11.The number of solutions of = ; when y(1) = 2 is
(a) none (b) one (c) two (d) infinite.
12.Which of the following is a second order differential equation
(a) +x = y2 (b) y” + y = sinx (c) y”‟ + +y = 0 (d) y‟ = y2 .
13.integrating factor of differential equation (1- ) - x y = 1 is
(a) -x (b) (C ) √ (D) log( 1 - ).
:
4 /
14.The order and degree of the differential equation 4
= [𝐶 ( ) ] are m and n
respectively then the value of m + n is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 3 .
15.the number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of differential equation of order 3 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5.
ANSWERS: 1) b 2 ) c 3) c 4) b 5) c 6) d 7) c 8) d 9)b 10) d 11) b 12) b 13) c 14) b
84

15)b.
ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS:-
1.The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R) . Answer
these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b) Both are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
( d ) A is false but R is true.

1.Assertion: General solution of differential equation = is Y = Cx.

Reason ( R ) : The differential equation + y = 0 has order 2.
2.Assertion(A) : Solution of the differential equation = is y = 2(x logx- x ) + C.
Reason( R ) : The integrating factor of the differential equation (1 + ) + y = tan; is
tan−1

3.Assertion(A) : Solution of the differential equation (1 + ) + y = tan; is

tan−1 tan−1
y =( tan; -1) + C.
Reason( R ) : The differential equation of the form + P x = Q,where P and Q are functions
of x , is a linear type differential equation.
4.Assertion(A) : Differential equation corresponding to all lines ax + by + c = 0 has order 3.
Reason( R ) : General solution of n th order differential equation contains n independent
orbitrary constants .
5.Assertion(A) : y = a sin x + b cos x is general solution of y” + y = 0.
Reason( R ) : y = a sin x + b cos x is trigonometric finction.
ANSWERS: 1) b 2) b 3) b 4) d 5) b.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS:-
1.Write the integrating factor of (1 + ) + ( 2xy – cot y ) =0.
2.Write the general solution of the differential equation = .
3.Solve the differential equation ( y + 3 ) = x.
;
4.given that = and y = 0 when x = 5.Find the value of x when y = 3.
5.Solve: = .
𝒆 :
Answers:- 1) 1 + 𝒚 2) y = Cx 3) y - 3 + Cx 4) 5) y = 2( x log x – x ) + C.

3MARKS QUESTIONS:-
1.Find the general solution of dx + ( - x y + ) dy = 0.
2.Find the particular solution of the differential equation log( ) = 3x + 4y, given that y = 0
when x = 0.
3.Solve : 2 - 2xy + = 0.
tan−1
4.Solve the differential equation ( 1 + ) +y= .
85

5.Solve: ( -1) + 2 xy = , where x ∈ - U(1, ).

;
;
Answers:- 1) (𝒚) + logy = C. 2) 4 𝒆 + 3 𝒆; 𝒚
= 7. 3) log| | + c = .
𝒚
−
𝒆 − ;
4) y = + C 𝒆; . 5) y ( – 1) = log| |+C
:
5 MARKS QUESTIONS:
1.Find the particular solution of the differential equation √ dx + dy = 0, given that
y= 1 when x= 0.
2. Find the particular solution of the differential equation ( tan; - x ) dy = ( 1 + ) dx
,given that x =1 when y = 0
− √
3. Solve: ( - ) =1,x≠ .
√ √
4.Solve: = 1 + x +y + xy , given that y = 0 when x = 1.
5.Solve: x log x + y = logx.
6.Show that the differential equation x sin( ) + x – y sin( ) = 0 is homogeneous . Find the
particular solution of this differential equation when x = 1 and y = .
7.Solve: x + y = tan x.
8.Solve: ( +1) + 2xy = √ .
9.Solve: + y tanx = 3 + tanx , x ≠ , given that y = 0 when x = .
tan−1
10.Solve: ( 1 + )+(x- )
; −
Answers:- 1) x𝒆 - 𝒆 √ 𝒚 - 1. 2) x = ( 𝒚 - 1 ) + 2 𝒆; 𝒚

√ 𝒚| = x +
3) Y.𝒆 = √ +C 4) log| - 5) y log x = - (1 + logx ) + C
𝒚 −
6) Cos ( ) = log | | 7) Y = tanx -1 + C𝒆 .
8) ( + 1 )y = √ + 2 log | √ |+C 9) Y = - cos x.
− 𝒚 −
10) X = 𝒆 + C 𝒆; 𝒚

CASE BASED/DATA BASED QUESTIONS:-

Each of the following questions are of 4 marks.
A veterinary doctor was examining a sick cat brought by a pet lover.When it was brought to the
hospital, it was already dead.The pet lover wanted to find its time of death.He took the
temperature of the cat at 11.30 pm which was 94.6 oF.He took the temperature again after one
hour,it was 93.4 o F.The room in which the cat was put is always 70 oF. The normal temperature
of the cat is taken as 98.6 oF when it was alive.The doctor estimated the time of death using
Newton law of coolingwhich is governed by the differential equation ( T – 70 ) , where 70
o
F is the room temperatureand T is the temperature of the object at time t.
Substituting the two different observations of T and t made, in the solution of the differential
equation
( T – 70 ), where k is constant of proportion, time of death is calculated.
1.State the degree of the above given differential equation.
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) not defined.
86

2.Which method of solving a differential equation helped in calculation of the time of death.
a) Variable separable b) Solving Homogeneous differential equation c) Solving Linear
differential equation d) all the above.
3) The solution of the given differential equation is
a) log| | = kt + c b) log| | = log| | + C c) T – 70 = kt + c d) T + 70 = kt + c

4)If t= 0 and T = 72 , the the value 0f C is

a) -2 b) 0 c) 2 d) log2.
ANSWERS:- 1 ) b 2) a 3) a 4) d.
2. Polio drops are delivered to 50K children in a district. The rate at which polio drops are given
is directly proportional to the number of children who have not been administered the drops. By
the end of 2nd week half the children have been given the polio drops. How many will have been
given the drops by the end of 3rd week can be estimated using the solution to the equation
( 50 – y ), where x denotes the number of weeks and y the number of children who have
been given the drops.
1.Find the solution of the given equation.
2.find the value of c in the particular solution given that Y(0) = 0 and k = 0.049.
Answers: 1) -log| 𝒚| = kx + c 2) C = log( 1/50 ).
Prepared by KVRK YADAV , PGT MATHS,JNVSRKAKULAM.
 87

RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR CLASS XII

CHAPTERS VECTORS AND 3D
VECTORS
SECTION A (MCQ)
1) ABCD is rhombus whose diagonals intersect at E. Then ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑨 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ equals to
a) ⃗ b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ d) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨
Answer a
⃗ = 4i+6j and ⃗𝒃 = 3j+ 4k, then the vector form of the component of 𝒂
2) If 𝒂 ⃗ along ⃗𝒃 is
(a) (3i + 4j) (b) ( 3i + 4k) (c) (3i + 4k ) (d) ( 2i = 4k )
Answer b
3) the value of λ for which two vectors 2i – j + 2k and 3i + λj + k is perpendicular is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
Answer d
4) If the direction of cosines of a line are < 𝒄 , 𝒄 , 𝒄 > , then
(a) 0< c < 1 (b) c > 2 (c) c = √ (d) c = √

Answer d
5) The area of a triangle with vertices A,B,C is given by

𝑨 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
a) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑨 | 𝑨 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(b) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑨 | (c) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 | (d) | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 |
Answer b

6) The scalar projection of the vector 3i – j – 2k on the vector I + 2j – 3k is

(a) (b) (c) (d)
√
Answer a
⃗ and ⃗𝒃 are such that |𝒂
7) If two vectors 𝒂 ⃗ | = 3 and 𝒂
⃗ | = 2, |𝒃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗𝒃 = 4, then |𝒂
⃗ ⃗𝒃| is equal
to
(a) √ (b) √ (c) 24 (d) 2√
Answer b
 88

8) Shown below is a regular hexagon whose two vertices are joined by a vector

Which of these statements is /are true ?

⃗ and ⃗𝒅 are equal vectors
1) 𝒂
2) ⃗𝒃 and 𝒆
⃗ are collinear vectors
3) 𝒄 ⃗ and 𝒈
⃗ ,𝒅 ⃗⃗ are coinitial vectors
A . only 2
B. only 3
C. only 1 and 2
D. All 1,2,3
Answer A
9) The position vector of the vertices P,Qand R of 𝑹 are -i+2j+4k , 3i+6j+8k and 4i+j+k
respectively.Which of the following is the vector that representsthe median ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑺 ?
A. 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
B. 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
C. 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
;
D. 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
Ans:C
10) The position vectors of the points X,Y, and Z are i+4j+3k , 4i+Mj+15/2 k and 7i-4j+12k
respectively. If the points X,Y,Z are collinear which of the following could be the value
of M?
A. 4 B.8 C.2 D.0
Answer D
11) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is perpendicular to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑹 . The position vector of P, Q , R are 4i+7j_k , 5i+yj+k and -
2i+9j+4k respectively. What is the value of y?
A. -9 B.-8 C. 7 D. 8
Answer :D
12) If ⃗𝒂 and ⃗𝒃 are 2 unit vectors then what is the angle between ⃗𝒂 and ⃗𝒃 for √ ⃗𝒂 ⃗𝒃 be
a unit vector.
 89

a) 300 b ) 450 c)600 d) Ninety degree

Ans: a
⃗ and ⃗𝒃 , 𝒂
13) If for a non zero vector 𝒂 ⃗ ⃗𝒃 is a unit vector and |𝒂
⃗| ⃗|
|𝒃 √ then the angle
between 𝒂⃗ and ⃗𝒃 is
a) 𝒃 𝒄 𝒅
Ans :c
14) For which of these vectors is the projection on the y axis is zero?
1) 2j 11) -5k 111) i-4k
A) Only 1 B) Only ( 11) C. only (1) (11) D) only (11) and (111)
Answer A

15) If 𝒊 𝒋 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 ⃗ what are the values of 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ?

𝒂 b)
c) d)
Ans : a
16) Two vectors j +k and 3i-j+4k represent the 2 sides AB and AC respectively of 𝑨 The
length of the median through A is
√ √ √ √
a) b) c) d)
Ans : a

17) The projection of 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 on 2i+6j +3k is 4 units , then the value of is equal to
a) -9 b) -5 c) 5 d) 9
Ans : c
90

ASSERTION AND REASONING

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

1) Assertion: The area of the parallelogram ABCD whose sides AB and the diagonal
AC are given by the vectors 3i+j+4k and 4i+5k is ½ √ sq units.
Reason; In the above parallelogram ABCD, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨

Ans: d
SECTION B
⃗
1) Find a vector of magnitude 5 unit and parallel to the resultant of the vectors𝒂
𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝒃 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌
𝒊:𝒋
Ans:
√
⃗ make an angle with i
2) If a unit vector 𝒂 , with j and an acute angle with k ,
then find the value of

Answer :
3) Fin the projection of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒃 𝒄 on 𝒂 ⃗ where
⃗
𝒂 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 𝒃 ⃗ 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 ⃗ 𝒊𝒋 𝒌
Ans :2
4) Find |⃗ | if (⃗ ⃗
𝒂 ⃗ ⃗
𝒂 ⃗ is a unit vector.
where 𝒂
Ans: | | = √13
⃗
5) If 𝒂 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝒃 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 , then find the value of so that the
vectors 𝒂⃗ ⃗ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂
𝒃 ⃗ ⃗ are orthogonal.
𝒃
Ans: 𝜆 = ±5
6) The position vector of the points P,Q and R are 𝒑 ̂,𝒒̂ and 𝒓̂ respectively. A vector 𝒗
⃗⃗⃗
=k(𝒒 ̂ + 𝒓̂) is such that 𝒑
̂. 𝒗
⃗⃗⃗ = 𝒒
̂. 𝒗
⃗⃗⃗ , where k is a scalar. Prove that
(𝒑̂ - 𝒓̂ ) . ( 𝒑
̂-𝒒 ̂ ) = 0.
7) If two vectors 𝒂 ⃗ and ⃗𝒃 are such that |𝒂 ⃗| ⃗|
|𝒃 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂⃗⃗⃗ ⃗𝒃=1 then find the
⃗
value of ( 𝒂 ⃗𝒃) ( 𝒂
⃗ ⃗𝒃)
 91

8) If 𝒂⃗ is a unit vector and ⃗

𝒂 ⃗ ⃗
𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 |⃗ |
Ans: |⃗ |
⃗ and 𝒃
9) If 𝒂 ⃗ are unit vectors and inclined at an angle then prove that 𝒔𝒊𝒏
̂|
̂ 𝒃
|𝒂
10) If 𝒂 ⃗ are non collinear vectors, find the value of x such that ⃗⃗
⃗ and 𝒃 ⃗
𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗
𝒃
and ⃗⃗ ⃗
𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗
𝒃 are collinear.
Ans: x=1/4

PART C

1) If 𝒂⃗ and ⃗𝒃 are non collinear vectors, find the value of x such that ⃗⃗ ⃗
𝒂
⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗
𝒃 ⃗
𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗ are collinear.
𝒃
Ans: x=1/4
2) If 𝒂 ⃗ is a unit vector and ⃗
𝒂 ⃗ ⃗
𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 |⃗ |
Ans: |⃗ |
3) If 𝒂⃗ ⃗𝒃 𝒄⃗ =⃗ , |𝒂
⃗| ⃗|
|𝒃 𝒂𝒏𝒅 |𝒄
⃗| then find the angle between
⃗ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝒃 ?
𝒂
Ans :

4) Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A (1, 2, –3) and
B (–1, –2, 1) directed from A to B.
Ans: (-1/3, -2/3, 2/3)

⃗ makes an angle
5) If a unit vector𝒂 with i , with j and an acute angle with k ,
then find and components of 𝒂 ⃗
Ans: component is (1/2, 1/√2, 1/2).
6) A girl walks 4 km towards west, then she walks 3 km in a direction 30° east of
north and stops. Determine the girl’s displacement from point of departure.
Ans: -5i/2 + 3√3j/2

7) ⃗ = i + j + k,⃗⃗⃗𝒃 =2 i - j + 3k and 𝒄
If 𝒂 ⃗⃗ = i - 2j + k finds a unit vector parallel to the
⃗ – ⃗𝒃 + 3𝒄
vector 2𝒂 ⃗.
Ans: 3i/√22 – 3j/√22 + 2k/√22
8) If 𝒂 ⃗ ⃗𝒃 𝒄 ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒅 and 𝒂⃗ 𝒄⃗ ⃗𝒃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
𝒅 prove that 𝒂 ⃗𝒅 is parallel to ⃗𝒃 ⃗ provided
𝒄
⃗ ≠ ⃗𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝒃 ≠ 𝒄
𝒂 ⃗
9) Show that area of the parallelogram with diagonals 3i+j-2k and i-3j+4k is 5√ square
units
 92

⃗ ⃗𝒃 𝒄
10) If 𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are unit vectors such that 𝒂 ⃗ ⃗𝒃 𝒄 ⃗ ⃗𝒃 ⃗𝒃 𝒄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗ , find the value of 𝒂 ⃗ ⃗⃗
𝒄 ⃗
𝒂
Ans: -3/2
11) ⃗
If 𝒂 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 ⃗𝒃 𝒊 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝒋 𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 𝒊 𝒋 are such that 𝒂 ⃗ ⃗𝒃 is
perpendicular to 𝒄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ find the value of . Ans: λ = 8

SECTION E
CASE STUDY 1

Solar Panels have to be installed carefully so that tilt of the roof , and direction to the sun ,
produce the largest possible electrical power in the solar panels. A surveyor uses his
instrument to determine the coordinates of the 4 corners of a roof were solar panels are to
be mounted. In the picture suppose the points are labeled counter clockwise from the roof
corner nearest to the camera in units of meters P1(6,8,4) P2 (21,8,4) P3(21,16,10)
P4(6,16,10)
1. What are the components of 2 edge vectors defined by 𝑨 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒇
and 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒇 ?
2. Write the vector in standard notation with I ,j ,k ?
3. What are the magnitude of the vectors 𝑨 ⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗ and in what units?
4. What are the components to the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗ , perpendicular to ⃗⃗⃗
𝑨 and ⃗⃗⃗ and the
surface of the roof?
Ans: 1) 15,0,0 and 0,8,6
2)15i+0j+0k 0i+8j+6k
3) 15 units 10 units 4) -90j+120 k
93

CASE STUDY2
A class XII student appearing for a competitive examination was asked to attempt the
following questions.
Let 𝒂⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
𝒃 and 𝒄⃗⃗ be 3 non zero vectors .
𝒂 and ⃗⃗⃗
1. If ⃗⃗⃗ 𝒃 are such that |𝒂⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
𝒃 | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝒂
𝒃 | then
a) 𝒂⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
𝒃 b) 𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗ ∥ 𝒃⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗
c) 𝒂 𝒃 d) 𝒏𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆
⃗
2. If 𝒂 𝒊 𝒋 ⃗𝒃 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 then evaluate ( 𝒂 ⃗ ⃗𝒃) [(𝒂
⃗ ⃗𝒃) (𝒂
⃗ ⃗𝒃)]
a) 0 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2
⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗
3. If 𝒂 𝒃 are unit vectors and ⃗
be the angle between them , then |𝒂 ⃗𝒃| is

𝒄𝒐𝒔
A. 𝒔𝒊𝒏 b. .2 𝒔𝒊𝒏 c. d. 𝒄𝒐𝒔
Ans : 1) a 2) a 3) b
 94

3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
SECTION A
1) If the direction cosine of a line are k/3, k/3,k/3 then the value of k is
a) k> 𝒃 𝒌 𝒄 𝒌 𝒅 𝒌
Answer : d
2) If a line has direction Ratios 2, -1, -2 determine its direction cosines:
; ; ; ;
a) b) c) d) None of the above
Answer : b

3) P is a point on the line segment joining the points A and B . If the x

coordinate of P is 6 then its z-coordinate is
a) 10 b) 6 c) -6 d) -10
Answer : b
4) The lines 𝒓⃗ ̂ ̂
̂ 𝒌 (̂ ̂ ̂ ) and 𝒓
𝒌 ⃗ ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
Are a) coincident b) skew c) Interesecting d) Parallel
Answer : d
; 𝒚; ; ; 𝒚; ;
5) If the straight lines 𝒂𝒏𝒅 intersect at apoint then the value
integral value of is equal to
a) -2 b) -5 c)2 d) 5
Answer : b
6) A line make angle 1350 with the positive direction of xaxis ,and an angle of 3000 with the
positive direction of y axis which of the following could it be make with negative direction
of z axis
a) 450 b) 600 c) Such a line does not exist d ) A unique angle made with z axis cannot be
determined.
Answer : b
7) The vector equation of a line passing through the points 𝒂𝒏𝒅
a) ⃗
𝒓 ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
b) ⃗
𝒓 ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
⃗
c) 𝒓 ̂
̂
𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
⃗
d) 𝒓 ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
Answer : c
; 𝒚: 𝒚
8) The angle between the lines 𝒂𝒏𝒅 is
;
a) 0 b) 𝒄 𝒅
Answer : b
9) The angle between the line passing through the points
𝒂𝒏𝒅
 95

a) 0 b) 𝒄 𝒅
Answer : a
10) Find the equation of the line passing through the origin which intersect the line
; 𝒚;
at an angle is
𝒚
a) ;
𝒚
b) ; ;
𝒚
c)
d) Both a and b

Answer : d
;
11) Equation of the line passing through the point and parallel to the line
𝒚;
is
;
: 𝒚; ; ; 𝒚; : 𝒚; ;
a) b) c)
; ; ; ;
𝒚
𝒅
Answer : a
; 𝒚; ; ; 𝒚; ;
12) The value of p so that the lines and intersect at right
𝒑 𝒑
angle is
a) 10/11 b) 70/11 c) 10/7 d) 70/5
Answer : b

13) The angle between the lines 2x=3y=-z and 6x=-y=-4z is

a) 00 b) 300 c) 450 d) Ninety degree
Answer : d
: 𝒚: ;
14) The coordinate of a point on the line at a distance of from the point
√
is
a) ( ) b) 𝒄 𝒅
Answer: a
15) L1 and L2 are two skew lines. How many lines joining L1 and L2 can be drawn such
that the line is perpendicular to both L1 and L2 ?
(a) exactly one
(b) exactly two
(c) infinitely many
(d) (there cannot be a line joining two skew lines such that it is perpendicular to
both)
Ans: (a) exactly one
 96

SECTION B
1) Find the direction ratios and direction cosines of a line parallel to the line whose equations
are 6x-12= 3y+8 =2z-2
Answer : Drs dcs ( )
√ √ √

: 𝒚: : ; 𝒚; ;
2) Prove that the lines and are coplanar.
3) Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point A and parallel to
the line 5x-25=14-7y=35z.
Ans: 𝒓⃗ ̂ ̂
̂ 𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂)
: 𝒚: ;
4) Find the points on the line at a distance 5 units from the point
Answer:

SECTION C
1) Find the angle between the lines 2x = 3y = –z and 6x = –y = –4z.
2) Find the coordinate of the foot and length of the perpendicular from the point
⃗
to the line : 𝒓 ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂)
Ans: √
3) Find the equation of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through the origin.
Ans: x/1 = y/0 = z/0

SECTION D
1) Find the coordinate of the image of the point with respect to the line :
⃗
𝒓 ̂ ̂
𝒌 (̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌 .Also find the distance of the image from
the y axis.
Answer (1,0,7) √
2) Find the equation of the line through the origin which intersect the line
; 𝒚;
at an angle of each.

3) ⃗
An aero plane is flying along the line : 𝒓 (̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌 and another aeroplane is
⃗
flying along the line 𝒓 ̂ ̂ ( ̂ 𝒌 ̂) . At what points on the line should
they reach, so that distance between them is shortest. Find shortest possible distance
between them?

Ans:√
 97

⃗
4) An insect is crawling along the line : 𝒓 𝒊 ̂ ̂
𝒌 (̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
⃗
and another insect is crawling along the line : 𝒓 𝒊 𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
.At what points on the line should they reach so that the distance between them is
shortest? Find the shortest possible distance between them ?

Answer 5𝚤 + 4𝚥 and −𝚤 − 2𝚥 − 3
Distance = 9
5) The equation of motion of a rocket are; x=2t , y=-4t , z=4t , where the time t is given in
seconds, and the coordinate of the moving point in Km. What is the path of the rocket?At
what distance will the rocket be from the starting point O(0,0,0) and from the following line
⃗
in 10 seconds? : 𝒓 𝒊 𝒋 𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂)
Answer 60 km and 10√3
6) Find the vector and cartesian equation of a line passing through the point and
; 𝒚; : 𝒚;
perpendicular to the lines ;

: 𝒚; ;
7) Find the foot of the perpendicular from P on the line . Also obtain
;
the equation and length of the perpendicular

8) Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are r = (1 - t)i + (t - 2)j
+ (3 – 2t)k and r = (s + 1)i + (2s - 1)j - (2s + 1)k.
Ans:
√
9) 1)Find the vector and cartesion equation of the straight line passing the point (-5,7,-4)
and in the direction of a vector with direction ratios 3:-2:1 ?
2) Find the point where the straight line crosses XY plane?
: 𝒚; :
Ans : , :𝒓⃗ 𝒊 ̂ ̂
𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ ) (7 ,-1,0)
̂ 𝒌
;

10) Given below are t?wo lines L1 and L2:

L1: 2x = 3y = -z
L2: 6x = -y = -4z
1) Find the angle between the two lines.
ii) Find the shortest distance between the two lines.
Ans: 90°.
0 units.
98

11) Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (5, 1, 6) and (3, 4, 1) crosses
the YZ-plane.
Ans: (17/3, 0, 23/3).

CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY 1.
The Indian coast guard, while patrolling, saw a suspicious boat with people. They
were nowhere looking like fishermen. The coast guard were closely observing the
movement of the boat for an opportunity to seize the boat. They observed that the
boat is moving along a planar surface. At an instant of time, the coordinates of
the position of the coast guard helicopter and the boat is (1, 3, 5) and (2, 5, 3)
respectively.

1) At that given instant of time, the equation of line passing through the
positions of the helicopter and boat is
; 𝒚; ; : 𝒚; : ; 𝒚: ; ; 𝒚;
a) b) c) d)
; ; ; ;
;
;

2) At a different instant of time, the boat moves to a different position along the planar
surface. What should be the coordinates of the location of the boat if the coast guard shoots
𝒚; ;
the bullet along the line whose equation is for the bullet to hit the boat?
a. (−83 ,193 ,−143)
b. (83 ,−193 ,−143)
c. (83 ,−193 ,143)
d. none of the above
99

Ans:1) a 2) d

CASE STUDY 2
Answer the questions based on the given information.
The flight path of two airplanes in flight simulator game are shown below. The
coordinates of the airport P and Q are given .
Airplane 1 flies directly from P to Q .
Airplane 2 has a layover at R then flies to Q.
The path of the airplane 2 from P to R can be represented by the vector 5i +j-2k

1) Find the vector that represent the flight path of Aeroplan 1?

2) Write vector that represent the flight path of Aeroplan 2 from R to Q?
3) What is the angle between flight path of Aeroplan 1 and Aeroplan 2 just
after take off?
Ans : 1) 2j-2k 2) 𝒄𝒐𝒔; ( )
√

CASE STUDY 3
The equation of the motion of a missile are x=3t , y=-4t z= t where the time t
is given in seconds and the distance in Km..
 100

Based on the information answer the following.

1) What is the path of the missile?
a) Ellipse b) circle c) straight line d) parabola

2) Which of the following points lies on the path of the missile?

a) (6,8,2) b) (6,-8,2) c) (-6,8,2) d) (-6,-8,2)
3) At what distance will the rocket be from the starting point (0,0,0) after 5 seconds?
a) √ 𝒃 √ 𝒄 √ 𝒅 √

4) If the position of a rocket at a certain instant of time is (5,-8,10), then what will be the
height of the rocket from the ground?( Ground is considered as XY plane)

Ans : 1) c 2) b 3) c 4) 10 Km
 101

3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
SECTION A
15) If the direction cosine of a line are k/3, k/3,k/3 then the value of k is
b) k> 𝒃 𝒌 𝒄 𝒌 𝒅 𝒌
Answer : d
16) If a line has direction Ratios 2, -1, -2 determine its direction cosines:
; ; ; ;
a) b) c) d) None of the above
Answer : b

17) P is a point on the line segment joining the points A and B . If the x
coordinate of P is 6 then its z-coordinate is
b) 10 b) 6 c) -6 d) -10
Answer : b
18) The lines 𝒓⃗ ̂ ̂
̂ 𝒌 (̂ ̂ ̂ ) and 𝒓
𝒌 ⃗ ̂ ̂ 𝒌 ̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
Are a) coincident b) skew c) Interesecting d) Parallel
Answer : d
; 𝒚; ; ; 𝒚; ;
19) If the straight lines 𝒂𝒏𝒅 intersect at apoint then the value
integral value of is equal to
b) -2 b) -5 c)2 d) 5
Answer : b
20) A line make angle 1350 with the positive direction of xaxis ,and an angle of 3000 with the
positive direction of y axis which of the following could it be make with negative direction
of z axis
b) 450 b) 600 c) Such a line does not exist d ) A unique angle made with z axis cannot be
determined.
Answer : b
21) The vector equation of a line passing through the points 𝒂𝒏𝒅
e) 𝒓⃗ ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂
𝒌)
f) 𝒓 ⃗ ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
⃗
g) 𝒓 ̂ ̂
𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
h) 𝒓⃗ ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌
Answer : c
; 𝒚: 𝒚
22) The angle between the lines 𝒂𝒏𝒅 is
;
b) 0 b) 𝒄 𝒅
Answer : b
23) The angle between the line passing through the points
𝒂𝒏𝒅
b) 0 b) 𝒄 𝒅
Answer : a
 102

24) Find the equation of the line passing through the origin which intersect the line
; 𝒚;
at an angle is
𝒚
e) ;
𝒚
f) ; ;
𝒚
g)
h) Both a and b

Answer : d
;
25) Equation of the line passing through the point and parallel to the line
𝒚;
is
;
: 𝒚; ; ; 𝒚; : 𝒚; ;
b) b) c)
; ; ; ;
; 𝒚;
i) ;
Answer : a

26)
27) The
value
of p
so
that
the
lines
; 𝒚; ; ; 𝒚; ;
and intersect at right angle is
𝒑 𝒑
b) 10/11 b) 70/11 c) 10/7 d) 70/5
Answer : b
28)
 103

29)

30) The angle between the lines 2x=3y=-z and 6x=-y=-4z is

a) 00 b) 300 c) 450 d) Ninety degree
Answer : d
: 𝒚: ;
31) The coordinate of a point on the line at a distance of from the point
√
is
a) ( ) b) 𝒄 𝒅
Answer: a

32)

Ans:
 104

(b) (√2, 2, √2)

20)
Answer :d
21) L1 and L2 are two skew lines. How many lines joining L1 and L2 can be drawn such
that the line is perpendicular to both L1 and L2 ?
(a) exactly one
(b) exactly two
(c) infinitely many
(d) (there cannot be a line joining two skew lines such that it is perpendicular to both)
Ans: (a) exactly one

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

1)

Answer a
SECTION B
5) Find the direction ratios and direction cosines of a line parallel to the line whose equations
are 6x-12= 3y+8 =2z-2
 105

Answer : Drs dcs ( )

√ √ √

: 𝒚: : ; 𝒚; ;
6) Prove that the lines and are coplanar.
7) Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point A and parallel to
the line 5x-25=14-7y=35z.
Ans: 𝒓⃗ ̂ ̂
̂ 𝒌 ( ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂)
: 𝒚: ;
8) Find the points on the line at a distance 5 units from the point
Answer:

SECTION C
4) Find the angle between the lines 2x = 3y = –z and 6x = –y = –4z.
5) Find the coordinate of the foot and length of the perpendicular from the point to
⃗
the line : 𝒓 ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂ ( ̂ ̂ 𝒌̂)
Ans: √

SECTION D
1)
Find the coordinate of the image of the point ⃗
with respect to the line : 𝒓 ̂
̂
𝒌 (̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌 .Also find the distance of the image from the y axis.
Answer (1,0,7) √
; 𝒚;
2) Find the equation of the line through the origin which intersect the line at an
angle of each.

⃗
3) An aero plane is flying along the line : 𝒓 (̂ ̂ ̂)
𝒌 and another aeroplane is
⃗
flying along the line 𝒓 ̂ ̂ ( ̂)
̂ 𝒌 . At what points on the line should
they reach, so that distance between them is shortest. Find shortest possible distance
between them?

4)

Answer 5𝚤 + 4𝚥 and −𝚤 − 2𝚥 − 3
 106

Distance = 9
5)

Answer 60 km and 10√3

6) Find the vector and cartesian equation of a line passing through the point and
; 𝒚; : 𝒚;
perpendicular to the lines ;

: 𝒚; ;
7) Find the foot of the perpendicular from P on the line . Also obtain
;
the equation and length of the perpendicular

8)
107

or

10)
i) Find the vector and cartesian equations of the straight line passing
through the point (-5, 7, -4) and in the direction of (3, -2, 1).
ii) Find the point where this straight line crosses the xy-plane. Show your work.

Ans: (7, -1, 0).

11)

12) Given below are two lines L1 and L2:

L1: 2x = 3y = -z
L2: 6x = -y = -4z
2) Find the angle between the two lines.
ii) Find the shortest distance between the two lines.
Ans: 90°.
0 units.
108

13)

Ans :

SECTION E

CASE STUDY 1
109

Ans: 1) 2j-2k
11) 111) 5i+3j-4k or -1/3i +2j +5/3 k

CASE STUDY 2:
The Indian coast guard, while patrolling, saw a suspicious boat with people. They were
nowhere looking like fishermen. The coast guard were closely observing the movement of
the boat for an opportunity to seize the boat. They observed that the boat is moving along a
planar surface. At an instant of time, the coordinates of the position of the coast guard
helicopter and the boat is (1, 3, 5) and (2, 5, 3) respectively.
 110

1) At that given instant of time, the equation of line passing through the positions of the
helicopter and boat is

2)
At a different instant of time, the boat moves to a different position along the planar
surface. What should be the coordinates of the location of the boat if the coast guard shoots
𝒚; ;
the bullet along the line whose equation is for the bullet to hit the boat?
a. (−83 ,193 ,−143)
b. (83 ,−193 ,−143)
c. (83 ,−193 ,143)
d. none of the above
Ans:1) a 2) d

CASE STUDY 3:
111

The equation of motion of a missile are x = 3t, y = -4t, z = t, where the time ‘t’ is given in
seconds, and the distance is measured in kilometers.
112

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1.MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1.In an LPP ,If the objective function Z = ax + by has the same maximum value on two corner
points of the feasible region , then the number of points of which Z max occurs is
a) 0 b) 2 c) finite d) infinite.
2.Corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints are ( 0, 3 ),
( 1, 1 ) and ( 3, 0 ). Let z = px + qy , where p , q >0 . Condition on p and q so that minimum of z
occurs at
(3, 0) and ( 1,1 ) is
a) p = 2q b) p = q/2 c) p = 3 q d) p = q .
3.The optimal value of the objective function is attained at the points
a) given by intersection of in equation with y –axis only
b) given by intersection of in equation with x –axis only
c) given by corner points of the feasible region.
d) none of these.
4.A linear programming problem is as follows
Minimize : Z = 2x +y subject to constraints x≥ , x ,y≥ ,x–y≥ ,x+y The
feasible reason has
a)5 corner points including ( 0,0) and ( 9 , 5 ) b) 5 corner points including ( 7,7) and ( 3 , 3 ).
C)5 corner points including ( 14,0) and ( 9 , 0 ) d) 5 corner points including ( 3,6) and ( 9 , 5 ).
5.The corner points of the feasible region for a LPP are P(0,5) ,Q(1,5) , R(4, 2 ) , and S(12,
0).The minimum value of the objective function Z = 2x + 5y is at the point
a) P b) Q c) R d) S
6.A LPP is as follows :
Maximise/minimize objective function Z = 2x – y +5
Subject to constraints 3x + 4y , x+3y , x ≥ , y ≥ .If the corner points are
A( 0 , 10), B (12, 6 ), C ( 20 , 0 ) , D( 0, 0)then which of the following is true.
a)maximum value of z is 40 b) Minimum value of Z is -5
c) Difference of maximum & minimum value of z is 35. d) At two corner points , value of z are
equal.
7)The corner points of the feasible region determined by the set of constraints ( linear
inequalities) are P(0,5), Q(3,5) , R(5,0), S( 4, 1 )and the objective function Z = ax + 2by where a
, b >0.The condition on a and b such that the maximum Z occurs at Q and S is
a) a-5b = 0 b) a -3b = 0 c) a-2b = 0 d) a – 8b = 0.
8)The maximum value of Z = 4x + 3y subject to constraints x + y , x , y ≥ is
a) 36 b) 40 c) 20 d) none.
9)The feasible region for an LPP is shown below.
Let z = 3x – 4y be the objective function .Minimum of z occurs at
(a) ( 0,0) b) ( 0,8) c) ( 5, 0 ) d) ( 4 , 10 ).
10)For an LPP the objective function is z = 4x + 3y and the feasible region is shown in the graph.
113

Which of the following statements is true.

a) Maximum value of z is at R B) Maximum value of z is at Q
b) c) value of z at R is less than the value at P d) the value of z at Q is less than the
value at R.
ANSWERS:- 1) d 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) c 6) b 7) d 8)b 9) b 10) b.
2 MARKS QUESTIONS:-
1.Maximize Z= 6x + 16 y subject to constraints x + y ≥ , x , y ≥ .
Ans .12
2.Find the maximum value of Z = 3x + 2y where corner points of he feasible region are (0,0), (
0,8),(2,7),(5,4) and ( 6,0).
Ans .23
3.Let z = ax + by has optimal value at two points ( 2,3) and (5,7), then derive the relation ship
between a and b.
Ans .3a+4b=0
4.Determine the maximum value of z = 3x + 4y of the feasible region for LPP is shown in figure.

Ans .196
114

5.In the figure the feasible region for a lpp is shown. Determine the maximum and minimum
value of Z =x + 2y.

Ans .maximum = 9 ,minimum = 22/7

3 MARKS QUESTIONS:
1.Maximise Z = x + y subject to x – y , -x + y 0 , x , y ≥ . Ans .
2.Minimize Z = 13x – 15 y subject to x+ y , 2x- 3y + 6 ≥ , x , y ≥ .
Ans . miminum value of z = -30 at (0,2).
3.The feasible region for a LPP is shown in the following figure .Evaluate z = 4x + y at each of
the corner points of this region.Find the minimum value of z , if it exists.

Ans. Minimum value of z = 3 at (0,3).

4.maximize Z= 80x + 120 y , subject to 3x + 4y , x + 3y , x, y ≥ .

Ans . Z has maximum value 1680 at (12,6).
5.maximize Z = 5x + 8y subject to x + y = 5 , x , y≥ , x, y ≥ .
Ans . maximum value of Z is 40 at (0,5).
6. maximize: Z = 20 x + 10 y subject to 1.5x + 3y , 3x+ y x, y ≥ .
Ans . maximum value of Z is 200 at (4,12).
7.Maximize: Z= 80x + 120y subject to 3x + 4y , x + 3y , x, y ≥ .
115

Ans . maximum value of Z is 1680 at

8.Minimize : Z = 10x + 4y , subject to 4x + y ≥ , 2x + y ≥ , x, y ≥ .
Ans . the minimum value of Z is 260 at (10,40).
9.maximize: Z = 10500x + 9000y subject to x + y , 2x+y , x, y ≥ .
Ans . maximum value of Z is 4,95,000 at (30,20).
10.Maximize: Z = 300x + 190 y subject to x + y ,x+½y , x, y ≥ .
Ans . . maximum value of Z is 5440 at (8,16).
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:
Solve the following LPP graphically.
1.Minimize: Z = 3x + 5y subject to the constraints x+ 2y ≥ , x + y ≥ , 3x+y ≥ ,
x, y ≥ .
Ans: Min Z = 26 , at ( 2, 4 ).
2.Maximize: Z = 8x + 9y subject to the constraints 2x+3y , 3x – 2y ,y , x, y ≥ .
Ans:max Z = 22.6 at x = 30/13 and y = 6/13.
3.Minimize and Maximize: Z = 5x + 2y subject to the constraints x-2y , 3x+2y ,
-3x+2y x, y ≥ .
Ans: Min Z= 0 at x = 0 , y= 0. Max Z = 19 at x = 7/2 , y = ¾.
4.Minimize: Z = x – 5y+ 20 subject to the constraints
x – y ≥ , -x +2y ≥ , x ≥ , y , x, y ≥ .
Ans: Min Z = 4 , at ( 4,4).
5.Maximize Z = 5 +7 , subject to the constraints
+ , 3 +8 , 10 +7 , ≥ .
Ans: Max Z = 124/5 at = 8/5 , = 12/5.
6. Maximize Z = x + y , subject to the constraints
x+4y , 2x+3y , 3x+y , x, y ≥ .
Ans:Max Z = 43/11 , at ( 28/11 , 15/11).
7.Maximize Z = 1000x + 600y subject to the constraints
x+y ,x≥ , y – 4x ≥ , x, y ≥ .
Ans: Max Z = 136000 at x = 40 , y = 160.
8.Maximize Z = 4x + y ,subject to the constraints
x+ y , 3x+ y ,x ≥ , x, y ≥ .
Ans:Max Z = 120, when x = 30 and y = 0.
9.Maximize Z = 2x + 5y subject to the constraints
2x+4y , 3x + y ,x+y , x, y ≥ .
Ans: Max z =10 at x = 0 and y= 2.
10. Minimize Z = 3x + 5y ,subject to the constraints
x + 2y ≥ , x + y ≥ , 3x+ y ≥ , x, y ≥ .
Ans: Min Z = 26 at ( 2,4).

11.Maximize Z = -x + 2y subject to the constraints

x ≥ , x+ y ≥ , x + 2y ≥ , x, y ≥ .
Ans: Z has no maximum value.

CASE BASED /DATA BASED QUESTIONS:

Each of the following questions are of 4 marks.
116

Q1. Read the following and answer the questions.

Owner of a whole sale computers shop plans to sell two type of computers –a desktop and a
portable model that will cost Rs 25,000 and Rs 40,000 respectively.

1.If owner of shop does not want to invest more than Rs 70,00,000 on both type of computers
then which of the following is correct.

a) X + y b) 5X + 8 y ≥ c) 5X + 8 y d) 5X + 8 y = .

2.If the profit on the desktop model is Rs 4500 and on portable model is Rs 5000 , the profit z is
expressed as

a) Z = 45x + 50y b) Z = 4500x + 5000y c) Z = 5000x + 4500y d) Z = x + y .

3.The number of units of each type of computers which the owner of shop have in stock to get
maximum profit is

a) x = 250 , y= 100 b) x = 100 , y= 250 c) x = 200 , y= 100 d) x = 200 , y= 50 .

4.the maximum profit is

a) Rs 11,25,000 b) Rs 11,15,000 c) Rs 11,80,000 d) 11, 50,000

Ans: 1) c 2) b 3) d 4) d.

Q2) a dealer Ram prakash residing in a rural area opens a shop to start his business .He wishes
to purchase a number of ceiling fans and table fans. A ceiling fan costs him Rs 360 and table
fan costs Rs 240.
117

1.if Ram prakash has only Rs 5760 to invest on both type of fans , then which of the following is
correct.

a) x + y b) 360 x + 240 y c) 360 x + 240 y ≥ d) ) 3 x + 2

y

2.If he expects to sell ceiling fan at a profit of Rs 22 and table fan for a profit of Rs 18 , then the
profit Z is expressed as

a) Z = 18x + 22y b) Z = 22x + 18y c) Z = x + y d) Z x + 22y

3.If he sells all the fans that he buys , then the number x , y of both the type fans in stock to get
maximum profit is

a) x = 10 , y = 12 b) x = 12 , y = 8 c) x = 16 , y = 0 d) x = 8 , y= 12.

4.The maximum profit after selling all fans is

a) Rs 360 b) Rs 560 c) Rs 1000 d) Rs 392.

Ans : 1 ) d 2) B 3) d 4) d.

Q3. A bakery in an establishment produces and sells flour based food baked in an oven such as
bread , cakes , pasteries, etc. Mouli cake store makes two types of cake . first kind of cake
requires 200gms of flour and 25grams of fat and second type of cake requires 100gms of flour

and 50 gms of fat.

1)If bakery can use maximum 1kg fat , then which of the following is correct
a) x+ 2y ≥ 40 b) ) x+ y ≥ 40 c) ) x+ 2y 40 d) ) x+ 2y 40 .
2) If total number of cakes made by bakery is represented by Z , then Z =
a) 2x + y b) x + 2y c) x + y d) 2x = 3y
3) The maximum number of total cakes which can be made by bakery , assuming that there is no
shortage of ingredients used in making the cakes is
A) 40 b) 30 c) 20 d) 25.
4)The number of first and second type of cakes are respectively
a) 10, 20 b) 20 , 10 c) 20 , 20 d) 10 ,25 .
Answers:- 1) d 2) c 3) b 4) b .
118

Q4) An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers . A profit of Rs 400 is made on each
executive class ticket and a profit of Rs 300 is made on each economy class ticket. The airlines
reserves at least 20 seats for executive class. However at least 4 times as many passenger prefer
to travel by economy class than by executive class.

1)Which pair of constraints are correct

a) x ≥ and x . B) ) x and x ≥ c) x < 40 , x > 20 d) x = 40 and x ≥ .
2)If profit earned by airlines is represented by Z, then Z is given by
a) Z = 300x + 400y b) Z = 400x + 300y c) Z = x + y d) Z = 4x + 3y .
3) Airlines are interested to maximize the profit .for this to happen the value of x and y i.e.
Number of executive class tickets and executive class ticket and economy class ticket to be sold
should be respectively
a)40,160 b)160 ,40 c)20, 180 d)180,20
4)the maximum profit earned by airlines is
a)Rs.68,000 b) Rs.70,000 c) Rs. 64,000 d) Rs.62,000
Answers: 1)b 2)b 3)a 4)c.

ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS :

The following questions consist of two statements-Assertion (A) and Reason (R) . Answer
these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b) Both are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
( d ) A is false but R is true.
1.Assertion( A) : The maximum value of Z = 5x + 3y subject to the conditions 5x + 2y ,
x , y≥ is 15.
Reason ( R) : A feasible region may be bounded or unbounded .
2. Assertion( A) : the maximum value of Z = x + 3y such that 2x + y , x + 2y ,
x, y ≥ is 30.
Reason (R) :The variables that enter into the problem are called decision variables.
3.Assertion ( A) :shaded region represented by 2x + 5y ≥ , x + y , x, y ≥
119

Reason ( R ) : A region or set of points is said to be convex if the line joining any two of its
points lies completely in the region.
Answers: 1 ) b 2) b 3) d .
Prepared by KVRK YADAV , PGT MATHS,JNV SRIKAKULAM.
120

PROBABILITY
MCQ ( 1 MARK EACH )
1. If A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 3/ 5 and P(B) = 4/ 9 , then P( A′ ∩ B′ ) equals
(A) 4 /15 (B) 8 / 45 (C) 1/ 3 (D) 2/9
2. If P(A) = 4/5 and P(A ) = 7/10, Then P(B/A) =
1/10 / 𝐶 / /
3. If P(A / and P(B) =17/20, then P(A/B) =
14/17 / 𝐶 / /
4. If p (A) = 3/10, P(B) 2/5 and P( AUB) = 3/5, then P(A/B) +P(B/A) =
1/4 / 𝐶 / /

5. If P(A) = 2/5, P(B) = 3/10 and P(A then P( ̅/ ̅ ̅/ ̅

5

5/6 / 𝐶 /
6. A and B are two events such that P(A) = ½ , P ( B ) = 1/3, P(A/B) = ¼, then P ̅ ̅ =
1/12 / 𝐶 / /
7. If P(A) = 0.4, P (B) =0.8 and P(B/A) =0.6, then P( A U B ) =
0.24 𝐶
8. A fair coin is tossed repeatedly , the probability of getting a result in the fifth toss is different
from those
obtained in the first four tosses
/ / 𝐶 / /
9. A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4, P ( B ) =0.3 and P( AUB ) = 0.5 then P( ̅ =
2/3 / 𝐶 / /
10. You are given that A and B are two events such that P(B) -= 3/5 , P( A/B ) = ½ and P( A UB ) =
4/5 then P(A) =
3/10 / 𝐶 / /
11. You are given that A and B are two events such that P(B) -= 3/5 , P( A/B ) = ½ and P( A UB ) =
4/5 then P(B/A) is
1/5 / 𝐶 / /
12. If P(B ) =3/5, P(A/B )= ½ and P ( A U B ) = 4/5, then P =
1/5 / 𝐶 /
̅
13. Let P (A ) = 7/13 and P(B) = 9/13 and P / then P ( )

6/13 / 𝐶 / /
̅
14. If A and B are such events that P(A) > 0 and P( B ) ≠ , then ( ̅)
̅ ;
1- ( ) ( ) 𝐶 ̅ ̅
̅

120
121

15. If A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 3/5 and P( B ) – 4/9, then ̅ ̅ =
4/15 / 𝐶 / /
16. If two events are independent , then
they must be mutually exclusive (B) The sum of their probabilities must be equal to `1
𝐶 A and B both are correct None of the above is correct
17. Let A and B two events such that P (A ) = 3/8, P(B) = 5/8 and P( A U B ) = ¾, then

( ) ( )

2/5 / 𝐶 / /
18. If the events A and B are independent . then
𝐶 /
19. Two events E and F are independent .If P(E) = 0.3, P ( E U F ) =0.5. then P(E/F) – P(F/E) =
2/7 / 𝐶 / /
20. A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random without replacement the
probability of getting exactly one red ball is
/ / 𝐶 / /
21. Three persons A, B and C,Fire a target in turn, starting with A. Their probabilities of hitting a
target are 0.4,0.3,and 0.2 respectively. The probability of two hits is
𝐶
22. Assume that in a family, each child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. A family with three
children is chosen at random. The probability that the eldest child is a girl given that the family
has at least one girl is
/ / 𝐶 / /
23. A die is thrown and a card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing cards .
The probability of getting an even number on the die and a spade card is
1/2 / 𝐶 / /
24. A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random
from the box without replacement. The probability of drawing 2 green balls and 1 blue ball is
/ / 𝐶 / /
25. A flash light has 8 batteries out of which 3 are dead. If two batteries are selected without
replacement and tested, the probability that both are dead is
/ / 𝐶 / /
26. Two dices are thrown .If it is known that the sum of numbers on the dice was less than 6 , the
probability of getting a sum 3 is
/ / 𝐶 / /

121
122

27. The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below

X 2 3 4 6
P(X) 5/K 7/K 9/K 11/K
The value of K is
𝐶
28. For the following probability distribution
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0
P( X ) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
E ( X ) is equal to
𝐶
29. In a college 30 % students fail in physics, 25 % fail in mathematics, and 10 % fail in both.
One student is chosen at random. The probability that she fails in physics if she had failed in
mathematics is
/ / 𝐶 / /
30. A and B are two students , their choices of solving a problem correctly are 1/3 and 1/4
respectively .If t6he probability of their making a common error is 1/20 and they obtain the same
answer, then the probability of their answer to be correct is
/ / 𝐶 / /
31. A problem in Mathematics is given to three students whose chances of solving it are 1/2 1/3 1/4
respectively.
32. If the events of their solving the problem are independent then the probability that the problem will
be solved, is
(a) 1/ 4 (b) 1/ 3 (c) ½ (d) 3/ 4
33. A and B are two events where P( A) = 0.25 and P( B ) = 0.5 the probability that both
happening together is 0.14 , then the probability that both A and B not happening is
𝐶
34. Let A and B be two independent events such that P( A) = 1/5 , P( A U B ) = 7/10 , then
( )
/ / 𝐶 / of /
35. If the probability of A to fail in an examination is 0.2 and that of B is 0.3 then the probability
that either A or B fails is
𝐶
36. A box contains 15 transistors , 5 of which are defective . An inspector takes out one transistor at
random examines it for defects and replace it , After it has been replaced another inspector
does the same thing and so does the third inspector . The probability that at least one of the
inspector finds a defective transistor is
/ / 𝐶 / /

122
123

37. A mapping is selected at random from the set of all mappings of the
set A = { } in to itself the probability that the mapping selected is bijective , is

/ / 𝐶

38. If A and B are any two events , then the probability that exactly one of them occurs is
̅ ̅ ̅ ̅
𝐶
39. There are 10 original and 5 duplicate items in an automobile shop and 3 items are brought at
random by customer , the probability that none of the item is duplicate
/ / 𝐶 / /
40. Three letters are written to three different persons and addresses on three envelopes are also
written .Without looking at the addresses , the letters are kept in these envelopes , The probability
that all the letters are not are placed into their right envelopes is
/ / 𝐶 / /
41. Three players A, B, C in this order cut a pack playing cards and the whole pack is reshuffled after
each cut , if the winner is one who draws a diamond , then C‟s chance of winning is
/ / 𝐶 / /
42. For n independent events ‟s P I = 1,2,3…. n the probability that at least one of the
:

events occurs is
𝐶
: :

SHORT ANSWER ( 2 Marks Each ) )

43. A family has two children. What is the probability that both the children are girls given tht at least
one of them is a girl
( Ans : 1/3 )
44. The probability that a regularly scheduled flight departs on time is 0.83, the probability that it
arrives on time is 0.82 and the probability that it departs and arrives on time is 0.78 . Find the
probability that a plane
1. Arrives on time given that it departs on time ( Ans : 78/83 )
2. Departed on time given that it has arrived on time ( Ans : 39/ 41)
45. Ten cards numbered 1 to 10 are placed in a box , mixed up thoroughly and then one card is drawn
randomly . If it is known that the number on the card drawn is more than 3, what is the probability
that it is an even number ?
(Ans : 4/7 )
46. A couple has 2 children . Find the probability that both are boys , if it is known that ( I ) one of
the children is a boy; ( ii ) the older child is a boy
(Ans : i) 1/3 ii) 1/2 )

123
124

47. A man is known to speak truth in 75% cases , If he throws an unbiased die and tells his friend that
it is a six then find the probability that it is actually six
( Ans : 3/8 )
48. Two athletes A and B participates in a race along with other athletes. If the chance of A winning
the race is 1/6 and that of B winning the same Race is 1/8 then find the chance that neither wins
the race ? (Ans : 35/48)
49. One ticket is selected at random from 100 tickets numbered 00, 01, 02, …………….99. suppose X
and Y are the sum and the product of the digits found on the ticket Then find P( X = 7/ Y -0 )
( Ans : 2/19 )
50. A speaks truth in 60 % cases and B speaks truth in 70 % cases .Find the probability that they will
say the same thing while describing a single event is
( Ans : 27/50)
51. The probabilities of two events A and B are 0.3 and 0.6 respectively the probability that both A
and B occurred simultaneously is 0.18 . Then find the probability that neither A nor B occurs
(Ans : 0.28)
52. Three events A, B and C have probabilities 2 /5 , 1 /3 and 1/ 2 , respectively. Given that P(A∩ C) =
1/ 5 and P(B∩ C) = 1/ 4 , find the values of P(C | B) and P(A'∩ C'). (Ans : i) ¾ ii) 7/10)

SHORT ANSWER ( 3 Marks each )

53. In a box of 100 memory cards of mobile phones 10 cards have defects of type A , 5 cards have
defects of Type B and 2 cards have defects of both types .Find the probabilities that
1. A card to be drawn at random has a B type defect under the condition that it has A type defect and
Ans :( 0.2 )
2. A card to be drawn at random has no B type defect under the condition that it has no A type
defect and
Ans :(29/30)
54. A bag contains 4 white and 5 black balls. Another bag contains 9 white and 7 black balls. A ball is
transferred from the first bag to the second and then a ball is drawn at random from the second bag.
Find the probability that the ball drawn is white.
(Ans : 85/153)
55. For a biased die the probabilities for different integers to turn up on top face are given below
Face 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probabil 0.10 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17
ity
The die tossed and 1 or 2 has turned upon top face . What is the probability that it is face 1 ?
Ans : ( 5/ 21 )

124
125

56. A survey of 500 adults inquired about monthly expenses of their child . The survey asked
questions about whether or not the person has a child studying in a college and about their
monthly expenses .
The probabilities are shown in table below
Probability of monthly expenses
Expense too Just right Too low
much
Child studying
in college 0.30 0.13 0.01
Child not
studying in 0.23 0.25 0.11
college
Suppose a person is chosen at random. Given that the person has a child studying in a college.
What is the probability that he or she ranks the expense as “too much” ( Ans : 15/ 22 )
57. Police plan to enforce speed limits by using radar system at 3 different locations with in the city
limits. The radar system at each of these locations are operated for 40%, 30%, and 20% of the
time . If a person who is speeding on his way to work has probabilities of 0.2,0.1, and 0.5
respectively of passing through these locations. What is the probability that he will be fined ?
( Ans : 0.21)
58. Bag I contains 3 black and 2 white balls, Bag II contains 2 black and 4 white balls. A bag and a
ball is selected at random. Determine the probability of selecting a black ball.
(Ans : 7/15)
59. A box has 5 blue and 4 red balls. One ball is drawn at random and not replaced. Its colour is also
not noted. Then another ball is drawn at random. What is the probability of second ball being blue?
(Ans : 5/9)

60. A and B throw a pair of dice alternately. A wins the game if he gets a total of 6 and B wins if she
gets a total of 7. It A starts the game, find the probability of winning the game by A in third throw
of the pair of dice.
(Ans : 775/7776)
61. Three bags contain a number of red and white balls as follows: Bag 1 : 3 red balls, Bag 2 : 2 red
balls and 1 white ball Bag 3 : 3 white balls. The probability that bag i will be chosen and a ball is
selected from it is i/6 i = 1, 2, 3. What is the probability that (i) a red ball will be selected?
(ii) a white ball is selected?
( Ans : i ) 7/18, ii) 11/18 )

125
 126

62. A and B are two candidates seeking admission in a college. The probability that A is selected is 0.7
and the probability that exactly one of them is selected is 0.6. Find the probability that B is selected.
(Ans : 0.25)
63. 10% of the bulbs produced in a factory are of red colour and 2% are red and defective. If one bulb
is picked up at random, determine the probability of its being defective if it is red. (Ans : 0.2)
64. A committee of 4 students is selected at random from a group consisting 8 boys and 4 girls.
Given that there is at least one girl on the committee, calculate the probability that there are exactly
2 girls on the committee
(Ans : 168/425)
65. Four balls are to be drawn without replacement from a box containing 8 red and 4 white balls.
If X denotes the number of red ball drawn, find the probability distribution of X.
4 The probability that at least one of the two events A and B occurs is 0.6. If A and B occur simultaneously
with probability 0.3, evaluate P( ̅ ) + P( ̅ ). (Ans : 1.1 )
66. A and B are two events such that P(A) = / , P(B) = 1/ 3 and P(A ∩ B)= 1/ 4 . Find :
(i) P(A|B) (ii) P(B|A) (iii) P(A'|B) (iv) P(A'|B') (Ans : (i) 3/ 4 , (ii) 1/ 2 , (iii) 1 /4 , (iv) 5/ 8)
67. A company follows a model of bifurcating the tasks into the categories shown below.
URGENT NOT
URGRNT
Not urgrnt but
IMPOR Urgent and Important
TANT Important
Not urgent
NOT Urgent but not and not
IMPAR Important important
TANT
At the beginning of a financial year, it was noticed that 40% of the total tasks were urgent and the rest
were not. Half of the urgent tasks were important, and 30% of the tasks that were not urgent, were not
important What is the probability that a randomly selected task that is not important is urgent? Use Byes'
theorem and show your steps.
(Ans : 10/19)
LONG ANSWER ( 5 Marks Each )
68. In a class of 75 students, 15 students have taken AB group . 45 taken A group and the rest of
them have taken B group . The probability that an AB group student fails in a KVPY ( Kishore
Vigyan Protsahak Yojana )examination is 0.005; an A group student failing has a probability
0.05 and the corresponding probability for a B group student is 0.15. If a student is known to
have passed the KVPY examination, what is the probability that she is a student of B group

126
127

( Ans : 170/ 939 )

69. Three machines A, B and C produce respectively 50%, 30% and 20% of the total number of
items of a factory. The percentage of a defective output of these machines are 3%, 4% and
5% respectively. If an item is selected at random , find the probability that the item is non –
defective ( Ans : 963/1000 )
70. In a railway reservation office , two clerks are engaged in checking reservation forms. On an
average the first clerk checks 55 % of the forms , while the second clerk checks the
remaining..The first clerk has an error rate of 0.03 and second has an error rate of 0.02 . A
reservation form is selected at random from the total number of forms checked during a day
and is found to have an error .Find the probability that it was checked by second clerk
( Ans : 90/255 )
71. A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shots, B can hit it 3 times in 4 shots and C can hit it in 2
times in 3 shots. Calculate the probability that,
(1) A, B,C all can hit the target
(2) B,C can hit and A cannot hit
(3) Any two of A,B, and C will hit the target
(4) None of them will hit the target (Ans : 1) 2/5 2) 1/10 3) 13/30 4) 1/60 )
72. Let X denote the number of hours you study during a randomly delected day . The probability
that X can take values x, has the following form , where k is some unknown constant

P(X= x) = {

0 otherwise
1. Find the value of k
What is the probability that
2. You study at least two hours
3. You study for exactly two hours
4. You study for at most two hours ( Ans : 1) 3/20 2) 0.75 3) 0.3 4) 0.55 )
73. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is given in the following table
X = x 0 1 2
P(X =x)
Where c > 0
Find ( I ) c (ii) P( X = 2 ) (III) P( 1 (Ans : i) 1/3 Ii) 2/3 iii) 2/3
74. Four raw mangoes are mixed accidently with 16 ripe mangoes. Find the probability distribution
of the number of raw mangoes in a draw of two mangoes
X 0 1 2
P(X) 60/95 32/95 3/95
=x

127
128

75. A box contains 4 distinct balls of which 2 are white and 2 are black. Two balls are selected at
random with replacement .If X denotes the number of black balls in the two balls selected from
the box, then find the probability distribution of X
X 0 1 2
P(X) 1/4 1/2 1/4
=x
76. A restaurant serves two special dishes - A and B to its customers consisting of 60% men and 40 %
women. 80% of men order dish A and the rest order dish B. 70 % of women order B and the rest
order A. In what ratio of dishes should the restaurant prepare the two dishes ?
(Ans : 3 : 2 )
77. Three machines E1 , E2 , E3 in a certain factory produce 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively, of the
total daily output of electric tubes. It is known that 4% of the tubes produced one each of machines
E1 and E2 are defective, and that 5% of those produced on E3 are defective. If one tube is picked
up at random from a day‟s production, calculate the probability that it is defective.
( Ans : 17/400)
78. A car manufacturing factory has two plants, X and Y. Plant X manufactures 70% of cars and
plant Y manufactures 30%. 80% of the cars at plant X and 90% of the cars at plant Y are rated of
standard quality. A car is chosen at random and is found to be of standard quality. What is the
probability that it has come from plant X?
(Ans : 56/83)

79. Suppose that 6% of the people with blood group O are left handed and 10% of those with other
blood groups are left handed 30% of the people have blood group O. If a left handed person is
selected at random, what is the probability that he/she will have blood group O?
(Ans : 9/44)
80. Find the probability distribution of the maximum of the two scores obtained when a die is thrown
twice. Determine also the mean of the distribution.
Ans : 1
X =x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X 1/36 3/36 5/36 7/36 9/36 11/36
=x)
2 Mean = 161/36
81. There are two bags, one of which contains 3 black and 4 white balls while the other contains 4
black and 3 white balls. A die is thrown. If it shows up 1 or 3, a ball is taken from the Ist bag; but
it shows up any other number, a ball is chosen from the second bag. Find the probability of
choosing a black ball. (Ans : 11/21)

128
129

82. By examining the chest X ray, the probability that TB is detected when a person is actually
suffering is 0.99. The probability of an healthy person diagnosed to have TB is 0.001. In a certain
city, 1 in 1000 people suffers from TB. A person is selected at random and is diagnosed to have
TB. What is the probability that he actually has TB?
(Ans :110/221)
83. An item is manufactured by three machines A, B and C. Out of the total number of items
manufactured during a specified period, 50% are manufactured on A, 30% on B and 20% on C.
2% of the items produced on A and 2% of items produced on B are defective, and 3% of these
produced on C are defective. All the items are stored at one godown. One item is drawn at random
and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it was manufactured on machine A?
(Ans : 5/11 )
84. A bag contains (2n + 1) coins. It is known that n of these coins have a head on both sides where
as the rest of the coins are fair. A coin is picked up at random from the bag and is tossed. If the
probability that the toss results in a head is , determine the value of n

(Ans : 10 )
85. Senior students tend to stay up all night and therefore are not able to wake up on time in morning.
Not only this but their dependence on tuitions further leads to absenteeism in school. Of the
students in class XII, it is known that 30% of the students have 100% attendance. Previous year
results report that 80% of all students who have 100% attendance attain A grade and 10%
irregular students attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one student is
chosen at random from the class XII.
86. Using above information answer the following:
1. (Find the conditional probability that a student attains A grade given that he is not 100 % regular
student.
2. Find the probability of attaining A grade by the students of class XII .
3. Find the probability that student is 100% regular given that he attains A grade
OR
Find the probability that student is irregular given that he attains A grade.
(Ans : 1) 1/10 2) 31/100 3) 24/31 OR 7/31

129
130

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

87. A survey of 500 adults inquired about monthly expenses of their child . The survey asked
questions about whether or not the person has a child studying in a college and about their
monthly expenses . The probabilities are shown in table below
Probability of monthly expenses
Expense too Just right Too low
much
Child studying
in college 0.30 0.13 0.01
Child not
studying in 0.23 0.25 0.11
college
Suppose a person is chosen at random.
1. Given that the person has a child studying in a college. What is the probability that he or she ranks
the expense as “too much” ans : ( 15/ 22 )
2. Find that probability that a person thinks monthly expenses of his child is too low given that she
isnotincollege
( Ans : 11/59 )
3. Find the probability that a person thinks monthly expenses of his child is just right given that she is
in college
( Ans : 13/44 )
88. In a certain town 40% residents have computers . 25 % have internet connections and 15 %
have both computer And internert connections. A resident is selected at random from the town
1. If he has a computer then what is the probability that he has internet connection also ?
Ans : 15/40
2. If he has internet connection , determine the probability that he does not have the computer
1) Ans : 15/40 2) Ans : 10/25
In a certain college 25% of boys and 10% of girls are studying mathematics. The girls constitute 60% of the
student body
1. What is the probability that mathematics is being studied
2. If a student is selected at random and is found to be studying mathematics , what is the probability tha
the student is a girl ?
Ans : 1 ) 4/25 2 ) 1/6
89. There are two therapies B1 and B2 available for curing a patient suffering from a certain
disease . The patient can chose any one of the two therapies . If he selects therapy B1 the
probability of his recovery from the disease is 7/8 and if he selects therapy B2 the probability of
his recovery from the disease is 9/10

130
131

1. What is the probability that the patient is cured from the disease Ans : 71/80
2. Given the patient is cured , what is the probability he has selected therapy B2 Ans : 36/71
90. A general insurance company insuring vehicles for a period of one year classifies its policy
holders into three mutually exclusive group
Group T1 : Policy holders with very high risk factor
Group T2 : Policy holders high risk factor
Group T3 : Policy holders with less risk factor
From the past experience of the company , 30% of its policy holders belong to group T1. 50% belong
to group T2 and the rest belong to group T3 . If the probabilities that policy holders belonging to
groups T1,T2, and T3 meet with an accident are 0.30,0.15, and 0.05 respectively,
1. Find the proportion of the policy holders having a policy for one year will meet with an accident
2. If a randomly selected policy holder meet with an accident , what is the probability that he
belongs to group T2
3. If a randomly selected policy holder does meet with an accident , what is the probability that
he belongs to group T3
Ans : 1) 7/40 2) 3/7 3) 38/165
91. A problem is given to to three students A, B and C and their respective probability of solving
the problem is ½, 1/3, and ¼
1. What is the probability that the problem is solved
2. What is the probability that the problem is not solved
3. What is the probability that the problem is solved by exactly one of three students
Ans : 1) 3/4 2) 1/4 3) 11/24
92. A company has three plants at which it produces a certain item . 30% are produced at plant A,
50% at plant B and remaining at plant C . Suppose that 1%, 4%, and 3 % of the items
produced at plants A, B and C respectively are defective . If an item is selected at random
from all these produced,
1. What is that probability the item was defective ?
2. What is the probability that the item was produced at plant B and defective ?
3. When selected item was found to be defective what is the probability the item was produced by
plant B Ans : 1) 1/40 2) 1/50 3) 4/5
93. A study has been done to determine whether or not a certain drug leads to an improvement in
symptoms for patients with a particular medical condition.The results are shown in the following
table
Improvement No improvement Total
Drug 270 530 800
No drug 120 280 400
Total 390 810 1200

131
132

1. What is the probability that the patient shows improvement if it is known that the patient was
given drug
2. What is the probability that the patient does not shows improvement if it is known that the
patient was given drug
3. Suppose it is known that the patient shows improvement what is the probability that the
patient was given drug
Ans : 1) 27/80 2) 53/80 3) 53/81
94. Rajesh agrees to pay a game of tossing a balanced die . If an integer 1 or 2 is obtained on the
die , he loses Rs 2 . If an integer 3 or 4 or 5 is obtained , he gets Rs 5 and if an integer 6 is
obtained , he gets Rs 10. If the amount of Rs X received by rajesh as a random variable
1. Find the probability distribution of random variable
2. Find the expected value of amount that rajesh gains are loses
Ans :1
X =x -2 5 10
P(X) = 2/6 3/6 1/6
x
2) 3.5
95. A shopkeeper sells three types of flower seeds A1 , A2 and A3 . They are sold as a mixture where
the proportions are 4:4:2 respectively. The germination rates of the three types of seeds are 45%,
60% and 35%. Calculate the probability
(i) of a randomly chosen seed to germinate
(ii) that it will not germinate given that the seed is of type A3
(iii) that it is of the type A2 given that a randomly chosen seed does not germinate
Ans : (i) 0.49, (ii) 0.65, (iii) .314
96. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: In an Office three employees
Jayant, Sonia and Oliver process incoming copies of a certain form. Jayant processes 50%of the
forms, Sonia processes 20% and Oliver the remaining 30% of the forms. Jayant has an error rate
of 0.06 , Sonia has an error rate of 0.04 and Oliver has an error rate of 0.03 . Based on the above
information, answer the following questions
(i) Find the probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error.
(ii) Find the total probability of committing an error in processing the form.
(iii) The manager of the Company wants to do a quality check. During inspection, he selects a form a
random from the days output of processed form. If the form selected at random has an error, find the
probability that the form is not processed by Jayant.
OR
Let E be the event of committing an error in processing the form and le

Be the events that Jayant, Sonia and Oliver processed the form , Find the value of ∑ < ( )

132
133

Ans : i) 8/1000 ii) 47/1000 iii) 38/47 OR 1

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS
The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion ( A ): If A , B C are three events such that 𝐶 , then A, B, C
6

are mutually exclusive events

Reason ( R ) : If 𝐶 𝐶 then events A and B C are mutually
exclusive events
Assertion ( A ): If A is any event and P(B) = 1 then A and B are independent events
Reason ( R ) : If then events A and B are independent events
Assertion ( A ): The probability that A and B can solve a problem is 1/3 and ¼ respectively . then the
probability that problem is solved is 7/12
Reason ( R ) : Above mentioned events are independent events
Assertion ( A ): If A and B are mutually exclusive events such that P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) =0.6 then
̅ ̅ = 0.28
Reason ( R ) : If A and B are mutually exclusive events then
Assertion ( A ): Out of 5 tickets consecutively numbered , three are drawn , the chance that gthe
numbers on them are in A.P is 2/5
Reason ( R ) : Out of ( 2n +1 ) tickets consecutively numbered three are drawn at random .The chance
;
that the numbers on them are in A.P is ;

Assertion ( A ) : A and B are two independent events such that P(A) =1/2 and P(B) = 1/5 then
P( A/B ) = ½
Reason ( R ) : If A and B are independent events then P(A/B ) = P(A)
Assertion ( A ): Ankith and Rahul were weak students in mathematics and their chances of solving
problem correctly are 1/8 and 1/12 respectively . They are given a question and they obtained the same
anserer . If the probability of the common mistake is 1/1001 then the probability that the answer was
correct is 13/14
Reason ( R ) : If

( )
( )
( ) ( )

133
134

Assertion ( A) : A and B are two candidates seeking admissions in IIT the probability that A is selected
is 0.5 and the probability that both A and B are selected is at most 0.3,the probability of getting
selected of B is 0.9
Reason ( R ) : If and are the events of A and B selected respectively then
P
Assertion ( A) : If A and B are two events in a sample space such that P( A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.3 then
P ̅ can not be found
Reason ( R ) : ̅
Assertion ( A ) : If / ≥ then / ≥
Reason (R ) : /
ANSWERS
MCQ
1 D 2 C 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 C 7 D 8 D 9 D 1 C
0
1 D 1 D 1 D 1 C 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 C 1 C 2 C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
2 B 2 D 2 C 2 A 2 D 2 C 2 C 2 D 2 B 3 D
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
3 D 3 A 3 A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 A 3 C 3 B 4 B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
4 C
1

Assertion – Reason Questions

1 D 2 A 3 D 4 D 5 C
6 A 7 A 8 D 9 A 10 A

134