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Lecture 13 - Mechanical Vibrations

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12 views6 pages

Lecture 13 - Mechanical Vibrations

Uploaded by

Shaheer Ul Haq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME)

Mechanical Vibrations ME-421

Dr. Mian Ashfaq Ali


Example Problem

1. For a vibrating system, m = 10 kg, k = 2500 N/m, and c = 45 N-s/m. A


harmonic force 180 N and frequency 3.5 Hz acts on the mass. If the
initial displacement and velocity of the mass are 15mm and 5 m/s,
find the complete solution representing the motion of the mass.
Quality Factor & Bandwidth

When damping is small (ζ < 0.05) the peak magnification


ratio corresponds with resonance (ω = ωn)
The value of the magnification ratio (Quality factor or Q
factor) becomes:

 X   X  1
  =   =
  st  small   st  = n     2 
1

   
2
 2

 1 −  +  2  
   n    n  

 X   X  1
  =   = =Q
  st 
 small  st  = n 2
The quality factor, Q, is the value of the of the amplitude
ratio at resonance.
Quality Factor & Bandwidth (cont’d.)

The points where the magnification ratio falls


below Q/√2, are called the half power points
R1 and R2 (Power is proportional to amplitude
squared:
Power = Fv = cv2 = c(dx/dt)2 )

The difference between the half power


frequencies is called the bandwidth.
Quality Factor & Bandwidth (cont’d.)

The values of the half power frequencies are determined as


follows:

Above equation can be written in terms of frequency ratio r:

Which when solved gives

When ζ is small ζ2 is negligible and the solution can be reduced


to 2 2
   
r12 = R12 =  1   1 − 2 and r22 = R22 =  2   1 + 2
 n   n 
( )
  22 − 12 = ( 2 + 1 )( 2 − 1 ) = R22 − R12  n2  4 n2 → ( a )
Quality Factor & Bandwidth (cont’d.)

Using relation:

 2 + 1  2 n
In (a), we obtain relation for bandwidth Δω as

  =  2 − 1  2 n

The quality factor Q can then be expressed in terms of natural frequency and bandwidth:

1 n n
Q  
2   2 − 1

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