UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

COURSE : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

COURSE CODE : ECS 556
SEM : OCT 2024 - FEB 2025
TIME : 1 WEEK

"I hereby declare that all the online submission is based on my original efforts, not plagiarized from any
source(s), nor attempting to or communicating with any other person during the online assessment period. I
am fully aware that candidates who are suspected of violating this pledge are liable to be referred to the
Disciplinary Committee of the College."

NAME :
UiTM NO. :
GROUP :
LECTURER :

ASSIGNMENT CO2-PO5 MARKS

Task 1 /10

Task 2 /10

TOTAL MARKS /20

CARRY MARKS /10

PREPARE BY: VETTER BY: CHECKED BY:

Azerai Ali Rahman PROF. s. DR. MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIM

Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam
Kolej Pengajian Kejuruteraan Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam
40450 Shah Aalam Kolej Pengajian Kejuruteraan
Setter Person Resource Person 40450 SHAHProblem
Complex ALAM Committee
Date: 13/11/2024 Date: 13/11/2024 Date: 13/11/2024
1. INTRODUCTION

The structural analysis assignment is one of the continuous assessments designed for
ECS556 and carries 10% of the total marks for this course. The assignment challenges the
students to analyse a complex hybrid arch structure and cables problem in the civil
engineering field by applying the first principles of engineering sciences of indeterminate
skeletal structures with the application of equilibrium principles. A design problem
requires students to develop a solution to determine the reactions, internal forces, and
complex statically hybrid cable and arch structures using equilibrium principles, which
measures the graduate attributes' PO5 skillset.

2. COURSE OUTCOMES (CO), PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (PO) AND

COMPLEX ENGINEERINGPROBLEMS (WP) & KNOWLEDGE
PROFILES (WK)

This project is constructively aligned with the intended Course Outcomes (CO), Program
Outcomes (PO) and Complex Engineering Problem (WP) and Knowledge Profile (WK)
characteristics as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1: MAPPING OF CO, PO, WP AND WK

PROGRAMME COURSE LEARNING COMPLEX PROBLEM
LEARNING OUTCOMES CHARACTERISTICS/
OUTCOMES TAXONOMY LEVEL
PO5 Create, select and CO2 Create solution to determine Cognitive Domain – C5 and C6
apply appropriate the reactions, internal forces WP1- in-depth engineering knowledge
and deformations of at
techniques, common and complex the level of one or more of WK2, WK3,
statically determinate and
resources, and indeterminate skeletal WK4, and WK6 allows a
modern structures with the fundamental-based, first principles
engineering and IT application of equilibrium analytical approach.
tools, including and compatibility principals Required WKs are:
prediction and WK3: A systematic, theory-based
modelling, to formulation of engineering fundamentals
complex required in the engineering discipline
engineering WK4: Engineering specialist knowledge
problems, with an that provides theoretical frameworks
understanding of and bodies of knowledge for the
the limitations accepted practice areas in the
(WK6) engineering discipline: much is at the
forefront of the discipline.
WK6: Knowledge of engineering
practice (technology) in the practice
areas in engineering discipline.
The other WPs are:
WP3 – Depth analysis required: No
an obvious solution and requires abstract
thinking and originality in analysis to
formulate a suitable model.
WP4: Familiarity of issues- infrequently
encountered issues.
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this assignment, the students should be able to:

i. Explain the fundamental differences between cable and arch structures, particularly in terms
of load-carrying mechanisms, typical materials, and their applications in construction. They
will develop and apply hand calculation techniques to analyze the structural behavior of both
cable and arch structures when subjected to uniformly distributed loads, gaining practical
insight into the mechanics of these systems. Additionally, students will learn to justify their
design decisions, including choices of geometry and dimensions, based on functional and
analytical reasoning. This task encourages originality in structural design choices and enhances
students' problem-solving and analytical skills, preparing them for complex decision-making
in structural engineering.
ii. Effectively utilize structural analysis software to create simple (i.e. crude) Finite Element
Models (FEM) of cable and arch structures, deepening their understanding of load distribution
and structural behavior. They will gain proficiency in running simulations to generate and
interpret key results, such as reaction forces, and in comparing these outcomes with hand
calculations to critically evaluate the accuracy of different analysis methods. Furthermore,
students will develop skills in identifying and discussing discrepancies between manual and
digital results, gaining insights into how modern analysis tools improve the accuracy and
efficiency of structural analysis for complex structures.

4. ASSIGNMENT DESCRIPTION

Cable and arch structures are widely used in modern architecture and engineering due to
their aesthetic appeal, efficient load distribution, and structural versatility. This assignment
focuses on understanding and analysing the behaviour of these structures under different
loading conditions using both traditional and modern tools in structural analysis.

a) Theoretical Analysis
Explain the fundamental differences between cable and arch structures in terms of
their load-carrying mechanisms, typical materials, and applications in construction.
Using hand calculations, propose, analyze a two dimensional (2D) planar cable
structure (such as a suspended/ cable bridge) or a two dimensional (2D) arch structure
(like a parabolic/semi-circular arch) subjected to a uniformly distributed load. Show
all steps in your calculations. Justify the reason of the proposed structure in terms of
geometry, dimensions etc. (NOTE: Avoid selecting the same dimensions and
geometry for your proposed structure as your classmates, as this will result in a
reduction of allocated marks.)

(C5) [CO2-PO5] (10 Marks)

b) Application of Modern Tools

Using a structural analysis software (e.g., SAP2000, LUSAS, StaadPro or etc), create
a Finite Element Model of the proposed cable or arch structures analyzed in (a). Run
simulations to verify the load distribution and compare the results reaction forces from
your hand calculations with the software output in a Table format. Discuss any
discrepancies between manual calculations and digital results and provide insights on
how modern analysis tools enhance the accuracy and efficiency of structural analysis
for complex structures.
(C5) [CO2-PO5] (10 Marks)
5. REPORT GUIDELINE

TABLE 2: GUIDELINE OF THE REPORT

CONTENT OF THE NO OF PAGES
REPORT
1.0 COVER PAGE N/A
PROJECT QUESTION N/A

2.0 INTRODUCTION 1

3.0 SOLUTION Max 20 pages

6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL (SDG)

The project is aligned with SDG 4 (Quality Education), which encourages

engineering students to think critically about the structural analysis concept to gain
the required knowledge and skills as a marketable ready structural engineer. The
problem for the composite arch and cable structure requires students to understand
every principle and structural analysis technique. They will learn how to apply
appropriate analysis techniques based on the principle of equilibrium in this scenario.

7. A.D.A.B MODEL-DELIVERY

SYNTHESIZE: Get the students to put into/facts together, relate and make conclusions.
(B3: Nilai berbuat kebaikan).
8. SUBMISSION

1. The report must comprise a maximum of not more than 20 pages.

2. Include a detailed report with theoretical analysis and hand calculations. Screenshots of your
software model, including load application, support conditions, and key results (e.g.,
deformation, stress distribution). A comparison and reflection on the findings from both
manual and digital analyses.
3. The submission of the report is by the end of week 10 (Friday, before 5 pm).
Late submission will be penalized.
4. Students must scan and upload the report in PDF format to the respective link given in
Table 1.
5. INCLUDE THE RUBRICS IN YOUR SUBMISSION
6. Name your file as follows: CLASS_NAME_STUDENT ID (6C1_AHMAD_20211234)

Group No of Submission Link

Students
4A1 16 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1YFdh9id4JvGog4Z4qI
SGtips_UPiJRzd?usp=sharing
4A2 17 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BnTkZEXpc1E33PJ9
FIPs43SjiQQJGM3n?usp=sharing
4C1 30 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zfERsdFlBAkvRzlHV
gYQNpAt3bW_syue?usp=sharing
4C2 32 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10nQf9d1BZcKmjQW
mKPyy5Bjrajn_WSR7?usp=sharing
4C3 33 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1fTl9E_YsfIQzvOmTzc
QmHwkMS3nuJlvT?usp=sharing
4C4 29 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UYVycf3ghmxVvK9-
YLWyQXb7sk4PYDYV?usp=sharing
4R1 28 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/181N3605xLLSpkdh2jI
yXCJTsjLvXby_S?usp=sharing
4R2 16 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1GKzimrgy9IC3A_wA
uyIUu__cSrpzDJzn?usp=sharing
4R3 20 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1a9fKRCgNk4zotdBm
TXk4yv-0PtcdGbWY?usp=sharing
Total 221
 ECS556 – ASSIGNMENT (20 marks)
TASK 1: /10 marks E D C B A

Complex Engineering
Problems (WP)Complex SCORE
Criteria CO-PO& 1 MARKS 2 MARKS 3 MARKS 4 MARKS 5 MARKS
Taxonomy Level Engineering
Activities (EA)and
Knowledge Profiles
(WK)
Clear explanation of concepts. Copy/plagiarize Poor explanation of Satisfy explanation Good explanation Clear explanation of
Proposed, Select and apply the existing concept. concepts. Able to of concepts. Able to of concepts. Able concepts. Able to
appropriate analysis technique Able to select and select and apply select and apply to select and apply select and apply
to determine the tension in apply appropriate appropriate analysis appropriate analysis appropriate appropriate analysis
each segment of the cable. analysis techniques techniques using at techniques using at analysis techniques techniques using all
using one of least one of least two of using at least three knowledge profile
WP1: Depth of Knowledge knowledge profile knowledge profile knowledge profile knowledge profile WK2 WK3, WK4 and
WK2 WK3, WK4 WK2 WK3, WK4 WK2 WK3, WK4 and WK2 WK3, WK4 WK6 for solving
Required - Demonstration of
IN-DEPTH and WK6 for solving and WK6 for solving WK6 for solving and WK6 for solving completed Free body
specified WKs –
ANALYSIS minimal Free body some Free body satisfactory Free substantial Free diagram equilibrium
WK2 (Mathematics)
diagram equilibrium diagram equilibrium body diagram body diagram equations and
WK3 (fundamental),
equations and equations and equilibrium equations equilibrium geometry of the
Proposed, Analyze and WK4 (specialist/mastery of
geometry of the geometry of the and geometry of the equations and system. /5
solve the selected knowledge)
system. system. system. geometry of the
problem of cable/arch WK6 (Engineering practice)
system.
structure subjected to
uniformly distributed load via
the principles of 1 MARKS 2 MARKS 3 MARKS 4 MARKS 5 MARKS
SCORE
equilibrium equation,
deriving the necessary Evaluate a simple cable structure Able to formulate Able to formulate Able to formulate Able to formulate Able to formulate
relations between the (such as a suspended/ cable about 20% solution about 40% solution about 60% solution about 80% solution completed (100%)
force in the cable and its bridge) or a simple arch structure using correct using correct using correct using correct solution using correct
slope and loading (like a parabolic arch/semi-circular analysis approach to analysis approach analysis approach to analysis approach analysis approach to
distribution in the cable arch) subjected to a uniformly evaluate and solve to evaluate and evaluate and solve to evaluate and evaluate and solve the
system or arch system distributed load by show all steps the tension in cable solve the tension in the tension in cable solve the tension in tension in cable
using the appropriate in the calculations. Justify the fulfilling the cable fulfilling the fulfilling the cable fulfilling the fulfilling the
structural analysis requirements which requirements which requirements which requirements which requirements which in
reason of the proposed structure
method. in infrequently in infrequently in infrequently in infrequently infrequently
in terms of geometry, dimensions
encountered issues. encountered issues. encountered issues. encountered issues. encountered issues.
etc Calculations are Calculations have Basic calculations Mostly accurate All calculations are
(CO2-PO5) (C5)
minimal or incorrect, multiple errors, with and analysis with calculations and accurate and
WP3 – Depth analysis required: with significant limited or unclear some errors; limited analysis with thorough, with in-
Not an obvious solution and errors; lacks analysis and weak justification and thoughtful depth analysis, clear
requires abstract thinking and analysis, justification; little originality; adequate justification and and strong
originality in analysis to formulate a justification, and originality; but inconsistent originality; well- justification, unique
suitable model. originality; poorly presentation is presentation. presented with design choices, and
presented. unclear. minor issues. an organized, easy-to-
follow presentation.
WP4: Familiarity of issues
Proposal of load and sag length based
on constraint/limitation using
appropriate method (The cable is not
hanging in horizontal direction at wall
support but rather vertically), thus, and
necessary relationship is unfamiliar /5
issues for the students.
 ECS556 – ASSIGNMENT (20 marks)

TASK 2: /10 marks E D C B A

Complex
Engineering
Problems (WP) SCORE
Criteria CO-PO& Complex 1 MARKS 2 MARKS 3 MARKS 4 MARKS 5 MARKS
Taxonomy Level Engineering
Activities (EA)and
Knowledge Profiles
(WK)
IN- WP4: Familiarity of issues Able to calculate the Able to calculate the Able to calculate the Able to calculate the Able to calculate the
DEPTH Using the appropriate structural support reaction for support reaction for support reaction for support reaction for support reaction for
ANALY analysis method to determine the the actual arch the actual arch the actual arch the actual arch the actual arch
SIS reaction at support system. The bridge that bridge that bridge that bridge that bridge that
Solving structural structure is a represent the actual infrequently infrequently infrequently infrequently infrequently
analysis problems in arch bridge structure which is an encountered encountered encountered encountered encountered
arch bridge/Cable uncommon or infrequently correctly and able to correctly and able to correctly and able to correctly and able to correctly and able to
structure via the encountered problem. derive only 20% derive about 40% derive about 60% derive about 80% derive completed
principles of equilibrium equilibrium equation equilibrium equation equilibrium equation equilibrium equation (100%) equilibrium
equation, deriving the WP1: Depth of Knowledge using correct using correct using correct using correct equation using
necessary relations Required -Demonstration of approach based on approach based on approach based on approach based on correct approach
between the force's specified WKs – WK3 right Free Body right Free Body right Free Body right Free Body based on right Free
distribution of arch using (fundamental),WK4 Diagram. Model is Diagram. Model is Diagram. Model is Diagram. Model is Body Diagram
the appropriate modern (specialist/mastery of knowledge) incomplete or partly complete but complete with some accurate and well- Model is fully
tools WK6 (Engineering practice) incorrect; has significant minor inaccuracies; constructed; accurate and
(CO2-PO5) (C5) simulations are not inaccuracies; simulations are run simulations are run comprehensive; /5
run or results are simulations are with some correct correctly with mostly simulations are
inaccurate; lacks insufficient or results; basic accurate results; precise with
meaningful contain errors; comparison and detailed comparison complete and
comparison and limited comparison analysis provided; with minor gaps in accurate results;
analysis; minimal or and analysis; presentation is analysis; well- detailed comparison
disorganized presentation is adequate but presented with minor and insightful
presentation. unclear. inconsistent. issues. analysis of
discrepancies; well-
organized and
professionally
presented.
WP3 – Depth analysis required:
Able to solve for the Able to solve for the Able to solve for the Able to solve for the Able to solve for the
Requires abstract thinking and
internal moment of internal moment of internal moment of internal moment of internal moment of
originality in analysis to analyse
the arch bridge with the arch bridge with the arch bridge with the arch bridge with the arch bridge with
and comparing a solution for the
more than 40% error less than 40% error less than 30% error less than 20% error less than 10% error
internal moment of the arch bridge
with minimal with some with satisfactory with good with excellent
structure system for different
justification. justification. justification. justification. justification.
loading conditions acting across
the span.
/5
This project aligns with
Sustainable Development Goal 4
(Quality Education) by providing
students and professionals with a
challenging and uncommon
problem in structural engineering.
ECS556 – ASSIGNMENT (20 marks)