Casework

1.

The figure to the right represents a road map between 4 villages,

labeled , , and . The arcs indicate paths between the various

villages. How many ways are there to go from to along the paths, if

you can only move left to right? (For example, you can’t

go ; you can only go or .)

2.

On the island of Mumble, the Mumblian alphabet has only 5 letters, and

every word in the Mumblian language has no more than 3 letters in it.

How many words are possible? (A word can use a letter more than once,

but 0 letters does not count as a word.)

3.

How many pairs of positive integers satisfy ?

How many squares of any size can be formed by connecting dots in the

grid shown in Figure 1?

Figure 1

5.

I have two hats. In one hat are balls numbered 1 through 15. In the other

hat are balls numbered 16 through 25. I first choose a hat, then from that

hat, I choose 3 balls, without replacing the balls between selections. How

many different ordered selections of 3 balls are possible?

How many different rectangles can be formed by connecting four of the

dots in a square array of dots as in Figure 2, such that the sides of

the rectangle are parallel to the sides of the grid?

Figure 2

7.

How many different isosceles triangles can be formed by connecting

three of the dots in a square array of dots as in Figure 2.

1.

How many three-digit numbers are not multiples of 7?

2.

The Smith family has 4 sons and 3 daughters. In how many ways can

they be seated in a row of 7 chairs such that at least 2 boys are next to

each other?

3.

How many 5-digit numbers have at least one zero?

4.

I have 6 shirts, 6 pairs of pants, and 6 hats. Each item comes in the same

6 colors (so that I have one item of each color). I refuse to wear an outfit

in which all 3 items are the same color. How many choices for outfits do I

have?

5.

In how many ways can 7 people be seated in a row of chairs if two of the

people, Wilma and Paul, refuse to sit next to each other?

1.

How many 3-digit numbers have exactly one zero?

2.

How many sequences can be formed in which all

the are integers greater than 0 and less than 6, and no two

adjacent are equal?

3.

n how many ways can we pick a group of 3 different numbers from the

group such that one number is the average of the other two?

(The order in which we pick the numbers does not matter.)

4.

How many 3-digit numbers have the property that the first digit is at least

twice the second digit?

How many 4-digit numbers have the last digit equal to the sum of the first

two digits?

6.

How many sequences of 6 digits can we form, given the

condition that no two adjacent have the same parity? (Parity means

“odd” or “even”; so, for example, and cannot both be odd or both be

even.)

7.

In how many ways can we pick three different numbers out of the

group such that the largest number is larger than the product

of the two smaller ones? (The order in which we pick the numbers does

not matter.)
Counting with Restrictions

1.

In how many ways can I arrange 3 different math books and 5 different

history books on my bookshelf, if I require there to be a math book on

both ends?

2.

The Smith family has 4 sons and 3 daughters. In how many ways can

they be seated in a row of 7 chairs such that all 3 girls sit next to each

other?

3.

The Coventry School’s European debate club has 6 German delegates, 5

French delegates, and 3 Italian delegates. In how many ways can these 14

delegates sit in a row of 14 chairs, if each country’s delegates insist on all

sitting next to each other?

Our math club has 20 members and 3 officers: President, Vice President,

and Treasurer. However, one member, Ali, hates another member, Brenda.

How many ways can we fill the offices if Ali refuses to serve as an officer

if Brenda is also an officer?

5.

We have the same club (20 members and 3 officers), but this time, Ali has

a huge crush on Brenda, and won’t be an officer unless she is one too.

Brenda is unaware of Ali’s affections, and doesn’t care if he is an officer

or not; she’s perfectly happy to be an officer even if Ali isn’t one. In how

many ways can the club choose its officers?

The Jones family has 5 boys and 3 girls, and 2 of the girls are twins. In

how many ways can they be seated in a row of 8 chairs if the twins insist

on sitting together, and their other sister refuses to sit next to either of her

sisters?

7.

Our club has 25 members, and wishes to pick a president, secretary, and

treasurer. In how many ways can we choose the officers, if:

(a)individual members can only hold at most one office?

(b)individual members may hold all 3 offices?

(c)individual members are allowed to hold 2, but not all 3, offices?

1.

The digital sum of a number is the sum of its digits. For how many of

the positive integers 24—125 inclusive is the digital sum a multiple of

7?

2.

Mr. Smith brings home 7 animals for his 7 children. Each child will

adopt a pet to be her or his own. There are 4 different cats (a Siamese, a

Persian, a Calico, and a Manx), 2 different dogs (a Poodle and a Golden

Retriever), and a goldfish. Anna and Betty refuse to take care of the

goldfish, and Charlie and Danny insist on having cats. The other 3 kids

are easier to please–they’ll take anything. In how many ways can Mr.

Smith give the children pets?

The members of a committee are numbered 1 through . One of the

members is designated as the “Grand Pooh-Bah.” The members sit in a

row of chairs, but no member with a number greater than the Grand

Pooh-Bah may sit in the seat to the immediate right of the Grand

Pooh-Bah. Suppose that the Grand Pooh-Bah is member

number , where . Find a formula, in terms of and , for the

number of ways for the committee to sit.

4.

In how many ways can you spell the word NOON in the grid below?

You can start on any letter, then on each step you can move one letter in

any direction (up, down, left, right, or diagonal). You cannot visit the

same letter twice.

N N N N

N O O N

N O O N

N N N N
5.

A palindrome is a number that reads the same forwards and backwards,

such as 12321.

(a)How many 4-digit palindromes are there?

(b)How many 5-digit palindromes are there?

(c)How many 6-digit palindromes are there?

(d)★Suppose we form all -digit palindromes that consist only of 8’s

and 9’s such that there is at least one of each digit. What is the smallest

value of such that there are at least 2004 numbers in the list?

6.

Let be a cube. Compute the number of planes which pass through at

least three vertices of .

How many zeroes do we write when we write all the integers from 1 to

256 in binary?

8.

I have a bag with marbles numbered from 1 to 6. Mathew has a bag with

marbles numbered from 1 to 12. Mathew chooses one marble from his

bag and I choose two from mine. In how many ways can we choose the

marbles (where the order of my choices does matter) such that the sum

of the numbers on my marbles equals the number on his?

The 10 students in my physics class sit at a round table in the following

manner: The students line up in alphabetical order. The student whose

name is first sits anywhere she wants. Each subsequent student chooses

a chair that is next to a student who is already seated. How many

different seatings are possible, assuming that two seatings are the same

if each student in both seatings has the same student to the left and the

same student to the right?