DAILY CURRENT

AFFAIRS (DCA)
Time: 45 Min Date: 01-01-2025

Table of Content
One Nation One Subscription: Empowering India's Research Ecosystem
Quad Renews Pledge Towards Working for Free-Stable Indo-Pacific
India’s Legal Reforms in 2024
RBI's Financial Stability Report Flags Rising NPAs, Global Economic Risks
Need for Mastering Frontier Technologies in Defence

NEWS IN SHORT
Digital Maha Kumbh
Trinidad and Tobago
Dr. Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat
Vembanad Lake
Tobacco Board of India
Neutrinos (Ghost Particles)
Belly-landing
Google Willow Chip
New Glenn Rocket
India’s First Glass Bridge Over Sea

www.nextias.com
2 Daily Current Affairs (DCA)

ONE NATION ONE SUBSCRIPTION: Indian researchers to contribute to cutting-edge

global innovations.
EMPOWERING INDIA'S RESEARCH
• Cost Efficiency: Centralized funding reduces
ECOSYSTEM duplication of subscriptions by individual
In Context institutions, saving costs for HEIs and research
• The One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) initiative centers.
is a landmark step aimed at democratizing • Discounts on Article Processing Charges (APCs)
access to global scholarly knowledge in India. make publishing in high-impact journals more
It aligns with the broader goals of NEP 2020 and accessible.
ViksitBharat@2047.
• Fosters Collaboration: Integration with global
Implementation of ONOS research communities promotes interdisciplinary
• Role of INFLIBNET: The Information and Library and international collaborations, elevating India's
Network Centre under UGC will centrally global research footprint.
manage the subscription and distribution, • Support for National Development: Enhances
ensuring seamless digital access to resources. India's R&D ecosystem, supporting innovation
A centralized platform will simplify access and in critical areas like STEM, medicine, and social
reduce administrative burdens. sciences, which are pivotal for economic growth
and self-reliance.
• Improved Academic Infrastructure: Complements
initiatives like the Anusandhan National Research
Foundation (ANRF), creating a more robust
research infrastructure.

Challenges
• Administrative Complexity: Coordinating access
for 6,300 institutions with diverse needs may
pose significant logistical and administrative
challenges.
• Digital Divide: Effective utilization of digital
resources may be hindered by infrastructure
gaps in tier-2 and tier-3 cities, such as unreliable
internet connectivity or lack of digital literacy.
• Limited Scope: The scheme covers only select
international journals, and many researchers
might still require access to resources not
included in Phase I.
• Sustainability: Long-term funding for such a large-
scale initiative requires careful planning to ensure
• Funding: A `6,000 crore budget has been
it remains viable without compromising quality.
allocated for the scheme's first phase (2025–2027).
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Measuring the actual
• Phase I (2025–2027): Establish the framework,
impact of the initiative on research output and
provide access to research materials, and
innovation can be challenging.
negotiate Article Processing Charges (APCs) for
Indian researchers. • Dependency on Global Publishers: Heavily relying
on foreign publishers may limit India's leverage in
Benefits negotiations and could lead to higher costs over
• Democratization of Knowledge: Provides equitable time.
access to international research resources
across tier-2 and tier-3 cities, addressing regional Way Ahead
disparities in research opportunities. • Strengthen Infrastructure: Improve digital
connectivity and provide training in digital
• Boosts Research Quality: Access to high-quality
resource usage for institutions in remote areas.
journals enhances research capabilities, enabling
Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 3

• Phase Expansion: Gradually expand ONOS to countries joined together to provide humanitarian
include more journals, databases, and even and disaster assistance to the affected region.
regional or Indian language resources to broaden Š It was formalized by former Japanese Prime
access.
Minister Shinzo Abe in 2007, but then fell
• Promote Open Access: Encourage Indian dormant.
researchers to utilize Open Access (OA) • After a decade it was resurrected in 2017,
platforms and build national repositories for reflecting changing attitudes in the region toward
sharing research outputs freely. China's growing influence.
• Enhance Negotiation Leverage: Collaborate with
Strategic Significance of Quad
other nations to negotiate better terms with
publishers, including lower APCs and subscription • Act East policy: India’s participation in the Quad
costs. emphasizing deeper engagement with East Asian
nations and strengthening maritime security
• Focus on Research Outputs: Develop metrics to
cooperation.
assess the impact of ONOS on research quality,
innovation, and India’s global rankings in R&D. • Military cooperation: It provides a platform for
military cooperation, intelligence sharing, and
• Support Regional Institutions: Provide additional
joint exercises aimed at maintaining maritime
resources for smaller or less-resourced institutions
security and ensuring the rule of law.
to make full use of ONOS benefits.
• Counterbalancing China’s Influence: QUAD is
• Public Awareness and Training: Launch awareness
crucial for India’s interests in safeguarding its
campaigns and workshops for researchers,
maritime trade routes and ensuring freedom of
faculty, and students on maximizing the use of
ONOS resources. navigation in international waters.
• India has supported a rule-based multipolar world
and QUAD can help it in achieving its ambition of
QUAD RENEWS PLEDGE TOWARDS becoming a regional superpower.
WORKING FOR FREE-STABLE INDO-
Challenges Faced by the Quad
PACIFIC
• Divergent Priorities: Each Quad nation has unique
Context geopolitical and economic interests, leading to
• The Quad nations reaffirmed their commitment to differences in prioritizing specific issues, such as
a free, open, and stable Indo-Pacific region in a trade, military cooperation, or climate change.
joint statement commemorating 20 years of Quad • Quad perception of an anti-China alliance
cooperation. complicates relations with other nations in the
Highlights of the Joint Statement Indo-Pacific that have significant economic ties
with China.
• The Quad reiterated its unwavering support
for the centrality and unity of the Association of • Quad lacks a formal structure or secretariat,
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). making long-term planning and implementation
of initiatives challenging.
Š The members endorsed the implementation of
the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) • Navigating Regional Dynamics: ASEAN nations
as a framework for regional cooperation. have expressed concerns about the Quad
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief overshadowing their centrality in Indo-Pacific
(HADR): The members emphasized their ongoing security architecture.
efforts in 2024 to support disaster preparedness Way Ahead
and provide rapid, life-saving relief during crises
• With India set to host the Quad Summit in 2025,
across the Indo-Pacific region.
the group’s renewed commitment and initiatives
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) reflect its vision of an inclusive, prosperous, and
• It is an informal multilateral grouping of India, the stable Indo-Pacific.
U.S., Australia, and Japan aimed at cooperation for • Further clear communication about Quad’s
a free and open Indo-Pacific region. objectives are necessary to address concerns
• Origin: The Quad began as a loose partnership regarding its anti-China perception and ensure
after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami when the four broader acceptance in the Indo-Pacific.
4 Daily Current Affairs (DCA)

• Strengthening cooperation in emerging • Banking Reforms: Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill

technologies, infrastructure, and climate focused on improving customer convenience and
resilience can help diversify Quad’s agenda. investor protection.
• Simultaneous Elections: Constitution (One Hundred
INDIA’S LEGAL REFORMS IN 2024 and Twenty-Ninth) Amendment Bill introduced to
facilitate simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha
In News and State Assemblies.
• In 2024, significant reforms were introduced to
Š The Union Territories Laws (Amendment) Bill
modernize India's legal framework and align it
supported the same objective of simultaneous
with global standards.
elections.
Major Legal Reforms in 2024 • Prime Minister’s Initiative: Prime Minister Narendra
• Criminal Justice System: New Bharatiya Criminal Modi has been focused on eliminating colonial-
Laws replaced outdated laws like the Indian Penal era laws and modernizing India's legal framework
Code, including the abolition of the sedition law. since his tenure as Gujarat Chief Minister and
continued this mission after becoming Prime
Š Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita replaced the Indian
Minister in 2014.
Penal Code, eliminating obsolete provisions
such as sedition. Š Over 1500 archaic laws have been scrapped,
Š Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the improving people's lives.
Indian Evidence Act, updating provisions Significance and Need in Present Scenario
to include modern methods of handling • India’s legal reforms in 2024 represent a significant
evidence, especially electronic evidence. step in modernizing its legal system. By replacing
Š Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita replaced colonial-era laws and introducing progressive
the Code of Criminal Procedure, introducing legislation, the government aims to align the legal
reforms in police custody and suspect framework with contemporary needs.
handling procedures. • These reforms are poised to transform sectors
• The Vayuyan Vidheyak Bill replaced the Aircraft like justice, governance, railways, banking, and
Act of 1934. religious institutions, improving citizens' lives and
Š The Bill empowers the Central Government enhancing India’s global competitiveness.
to make rules for any aircraft or class of
aircraft, and for securing the safety of aircraft RBI'S FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT
operations. It is aimed to empower the FLAGS RISING NPAS, GLOBAL
government to make rules for the investigation
of any air accident or incident.
ECONOMIC RISKS
• Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill replaced the century- Context
old Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of 1925. • Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released
Š It seeks to comply with the international its Financial Stability Report (FSR), December 2024
convention and with the changing global highlighting several critical aspects of the Indian
scenario in the shipping industry. The and global financial landscapes.
provisions will be applicable to outward cargo, Š Financial Stability Report (FSR) is published
that is, ships carrying goods from Indian port by RBI bi-annually on behalf of the Financial
to any other port, whether in or outside India. Stability and Development Council (FSDC).
• Waqf Reforms: Key Highlights of the Report
Š Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024 streamlined the • Stress Tests and Resilience: Macro stress tests
Waqf Board’s functioning. conducted by the RBI demonstrate that most
Š Mussalman Wakf (Repeal) Bill, 2024 aimed SCBs have sufficient capital buffers to withstand
at improving the management of Waqf adverse scenarios.
properties. Š The resilience of mutual funds, clearing
• Railway Reforms: Railway (Amendment) Bill 2024 corporations, and non-banking financial
aimed at improving railway operational efficiency companies (NBFCs) is also validated through
and granting autonomy to railway zones. these tests.
Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 5

• Government Finance: The central government’s technological disruptions in financial services are
debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to decrease from highlighted as areas requiring close monitoring
62.7% in 2020-21 to 56.8% by 2024-25. and robust regulatory frameworks.
Š Similarly, states’ outstanding liabilities are • Climate Change: Extreme weather events and the
projected to decline from 31% to 28.8%. transition to a low-carbon economy could have
• Economic Growth Projections: The report projects significant implications for financial institutions
that the Indian economy will expand by 6.6% and the broader economy.
in FY25 (2024-25), driven by a revival in rural
Financial Stability and Development Council
consumption, increased government spending, and
(FSDC)
strong services exports.
• Established: In 2010 as a non-statutory apex-
• Rising Non-Performing Assets (NPAs): The report level body by the Government of India.
indicates a potential rise in the share of bad loans
• Aim: Strengthening and institutionalizing the
among commercial banks.
mechanism for maintaining financial stability
Š Under baseline stress scenarios, the Gross and promoting financial sector development.
Non-performing Asset (GNPA) ratio could
• Members: Union Finance Minister
increase from 2.6% in September 2024 to 3%
(Chairperson)
by March 2026.
Š Heads of Financial Sector Regulators
• Domestic Financial Stability: Despite global
uncertainties, the Indian financial system remains (RBI, SEBI, PFRDA, IRDA & FMC); Finance
robust. Secretary and Chief Economic Adviser
etc.
Š The soundness of Scheduled Commercial
Š It can invite experts to its meeting if
Banks (SCBs) is supported by strong
required.
profitability, and adequate capital and
• Functions: Monitors and addresses systemic
liquidity buffers.
risks in the financial sector.
Š The return on assets (RoA) and return on equity
(RoE) for banks are at decadal highs. Š Enhances the growth and efficiency of the
financial sector.
• Sectoral Insights: The FSR highlights concerns
in specific sectors, such as microfinance and Š Facilitates coordination among financial
consumer credit, which require close monitoring. sector regulators to resolve inter-
regulatory issues.
• Insurance Sector: It maintains a robust solvency
ratio, indicating its stability. Š Strengthens mechanisms for dealing with
financial crises.
Key Concerns Highlighted in the FSR of RBI
• High Public Debt: Although the Union government’s
NEED FOR MASTERING FRONTIER
debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to decrease from
its pandemic peak, it remains a concern for long- TECHNOLOGIES IN DEFENCE
term fiscal sustainability. Context
• Global Economic Vulnerabilities: These include • Defence Minister of India, Rajnath Singh,
stretched asset valuations, high public debt, prolonged addressing officers at the Army War College
geopolitical conflicts, and emerging technological (AWC), Mhow, highlighted the significance
risks. of mastering frontier technologies in today’s
Š These factors pose medium-term risks to dynamic world.
global financial stability. What are Frontier technologies?
• Geopolitical Conflicts: Prolonged geopolitical • Frontier technologies are cutting-edge,
conflicts can disrupt global supply chains, affect transformative innovations at the forefront of
commodity prices, and lead to financial market technological development.
volatility, all of which can have adverse effects on
• They involve a high degree of innovation and are
the Indian economy.
characterized by their ability to disrupt traditional
• Emerging Technological Risks: Cybersecurity processes, improve efficiency, and solve complex
threats, data privacy issues, and the potential for challenges.
6 Daily Current Affairs (DCA)

Radical Changes in Warfare • Cyber Vulnerabilities: There is risk of cyber

• Unconventional Warfare: The shift from breaches in critical defense systems.
conventional to hybrid warfare integrates • Resource Constraints due to limited budget allocation
traditional and non-traditional tactics. for R&D and training in frontier technologies.
Š Unconventional strategies focus on Way Ahead
asymmetric methods such as proxy wars and
• Global Collaborations: Engaging in technology-
guerrilla operations.
sharing agreements and joint training programs
• Information Warfare: It involves the use of with allied nations will ensure that India has
misinformation, disinformation, and psychological access to the latest military innovations and
tactics to manipulate public perception and operational tactics.
decision-making.
• Ethical Use: A robust legal and governance
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Warfare: AI-based framework is essential to ensure that the use of
technologies enable autonomous weapons and advanced technologies in warfare is both secure
predictive analytics for strategic decision-making. and ethical.
• Electromagnetic and Space Warfare: It disrupts • Indigenization of Technology: India needs to
enemy communication and radar systems strengthen initiatives like ‘Make in India’ to
through electromagnetic pulses (EMPs).
foster domestic innovation and manufacturing
Š Space warfare involves securing satellite capabilities.
infrastructure crucial for communication and
surveillance.
• Cyber Attacks: It targets critical infrastructure such NEWS IN SHORT
as defense, energy, and banking systems.
Role of Military Training Centers DIGITAL MAHA KUMBH
• Skill Development in Frontier Technologies: Context
Training soldiers in AI, robotics, quantum
• The Maha Kumbh 2025, set to take place in
computing, and cybersecurity.
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, promises to be a unique
• Research and Development: Collaboration with fusion of spirituality and cutting-edge technology.
defense research institutions to innovate cutting-
edge technologies. Cyber Security at Maha Kumbh
• Integrated Warfare Training: Cross-domain integration • Deployment of 56 dedicated cyber warriors and
of land, sea, air, and space warfare strategies. experts for cyber patrolling.
• Establishment of a Maha Kumbh cyber police
Government initiatives
station to counter cyber threats.
• Government schemes such as iDEX (Innovations
for Defence Excellence) and DTIS (Defence Testing • 40 Variable Messaging Displays (VMDs) will
Infrastructure Scheme) to enable innovation within be installed in both the fair area and the
the Defence & Aerospace ecosystem. commissionerates for raising awareness about
cyber threats.
• Technology Development Fund (TDF) aims to promote
the development of indigenous technologies to Infrastructure and Land Digitalization
meet the requirements of the armed forces. • A new district, Maha Kumbh Nagar, is being
Š It supports research and development (R&D) developed with state-of-the-art digital infrastructure.
activities in areas critical to defense. • Drone surveys before and after the monsoon will
• Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO) aims to map land topography accurately.
foster collaboration between the government, • GIS-based maps on Google Maps will provide real-
private industry, and academia to boost innovation time navigation of essential public utilities.
in defense technologies.
Enhanced Devotee Security
Challenges
• Remote-controlled life buoys will be deployed to
• Technological Lag as there is dependency on quickly respond to emergencies and ensure the
foreign technology due to insufficient indigenous safety of pilgrims in water.
development.
Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 7

• Underwater drones, capable of diving up to 100 VEMBANAD LAKE

meters, will monitor activities beneath the waters,
transmitting real-time reports to the Integrated Context
Command and Control Center (ICCC). • The Alappuzha district administration in Kerala
undertook a mega plastic cleaning drive as part
Key Facts About Kumbh of the Vembanad Lake Rejuvenation Project.

About Vembanad Lake

• Name & Location: Locally known as Vembanad
Kayal, it is the longest lake in India and the largest
lake in Kerala (covering the districts of Alappuzha,
Kottayam, and Ernakulam).
• Recognition: Declared a Ramsar site in 2002,
signifying its global importance as a wetland.
• Rivers and Sea: Formed from four rivers – the
Meenachil, Achankovil, Pampa, and Manimala,
the lake also has an outlet to the Arabian Sea in
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO the west.

In News Š It serves as a major source of freshwater for

the state but also has brackish water areas.
• Trinidad and Tobago has declared a state of
emergency due to a surge in violence, including • Snake Boat Race: It is a hub of backwater tourism
gang-related shootings. in the state and hosts the renowned Nehru Trophy
Boat Race, popularly known as the Snake Boat
About Trinidad and Tobago Race, in one of its sections.
• Capital: Port of Spain
• Location: Southernmost Caribbean island nation, TOBACCO BOARD OF INDIA
situated:
In Context
Š northeast of Venezuela • The Tobacco Board has undertaken several
Š south of Grenada strategic initiatives to ensure the sustainability
Š In the Atlantic Ocean and growth of the tobacco industry.
• Geographic Features: Key Initiatives
• Rivers: Ortoire River, Caroni River, Nariva River • Crop Planning and Production Regulation: Aligns
• Mountains:Northern Range (Trinidad) production with domestic and export demands.
Š Highest Peak: El Cerro del Aripo (940 meters) • Support for Farmers: Provides handholding
assistance for producing high-quality tobacco.
DR. PIERRE-SYLVAIN FILLIOZAT • Promotion of Exports: Carries out export promotion
activities to sustain and improve tobacco
In Context
exports. Leverages an IT-enabled electronic
• French-Indian Sanskrit Scholar and Padma Shri auctioning system for better price discovery and
awardee, Dr. Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat passed away. transparency.
Key Contributions Brief about India's Tobacco Industry
• Sanskrit and Indian Literature: Dr. Filliozat is • 2nd Largest Producer of tobacco globally, after
known for his expertise in classical Sanskrit and China.
his interpretations of ancient texts.
• 4th Largest Producer of FCV Tobacco (Flue-Cured
• South Indian Architecture: He has conducted Virginia) after China, Brazil, and Zimbabwe.
detailed studies on the art and architecture of
• 2nd Largest Exporter of unmanufactured tobacco (in
South Indian temples.
quantity) after Brazil.
• Publications: He has authored books and scholarly
• Contributed Rs.12,005.89 crore to the Indian
articles in French, English, and other languages
exchequer through exports in 2023-24.
on Indian philosophy, literature, and art.
8 Daily Current Affairs (DCA)

About Tobacco Board of India BELLY-LANDING

• Statutory Body: Established under the Tobacco
In News
Board Act, 1975 (Act 4 of 1975).
• The tragic crash of Jeju Air flight 7C2216 at Muan
• Ministry: Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
International Airport, South Korea, raises critical
• Functions: Enhances the export of tobacco questions about the possibility of Belly-Landing.
varieties, especially Flue-Cured Virginia (FCV)
tobacco. What is Belly-Landing?

Š Manages FCV tobacco production and • A belly landing, also sometimes called a gear-up
distribution to meet domestic and export landing, happens when a plane lands without its
demands. landing gear extended. This means the plane's
underside, or fuselage, makes contact with the
Š Maintains quality standards and supports
runway instead of the wheels.
farmers in meeting export requirements.
• Belly-landings are rare and typically used in
NEUTRINOS (GHOST PARTICLES) emergencies when:
Š The landing gear fails to deploy.
Context
Š Pilots opt for it due to safer stopping options
• Scientists are using two telescopes, part of the
Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT), without wheels.
to detect high-energy neutrinos, beneath the • Risks of Belly-Landing:
Mediterranean Sea. Š Increased friction generates sparks,
What are Neutrinos? potentially causing fire.
• Neutrinos, discovered in 1959, are tiny, electrically Š Wings being close to the ground require
neutral subatomic particles, similar to electrons. precise alignment; any tilt could result in
• They are the second most abundant particles in catastrophic damage.
the universe after photons.
Š They rarely interact with matter, earning them GOOGLE WILLOW CHIP
the nickname "ghost particles." In News
• Neutrinos pass through vast amounts of matter, • Google launched its latest quantum processor
with billions passing through a cubic centimeter named 'Willow,' which created significant
of space every second. achievement in the potential of quantum
Challenges in Detection computers to tackle practical problems.
• Neutrinos are extremely difficult to detect due to About Willow
their minimal interactions with matter. • Willow has 105 physical qubits and operates at
• Only a few neutrino interactions are detected extremely low temperatures.
even in large detectors.
• It boasts better error correction and faster
Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) performance than other quantum computers.
KM3NeT • Operates at near absolute zero temperatures
• The KM3NeT is an underwater neutrino (-273.15° C) for maximum stability.
telescope deployed under the Mediterranean • The coherence time of Willow's data qubits is
Sea. about 100 microseconds, improved by error
• It aims to detect high-energy neutrinos by correction protocols.
observing flashes of Cherenkov radiation (light
• Willow's architecture allows for lower error rates
produced when neutrinos interact with water or
with more qubits.
ice molecules).
• Google tested Willow using Random Circuit
• The dark, transparent depths of the sea
Sampling (RCS), a computationally hard task,
provide ideal conditions for detecting these
which Willow completed in a few minutes,
interactions, as they allow for the detection of
outperforming classical computers by a massive
Cherenkov radiation.
margin.
Daily Current Affairs (DCA) 9

• The first stage of the rocket is reusable and powered

Do you know?
by seven BE-4 engines, which are LNG-fueled and
• Classical computers use bits (0s and 1s) to produce over 3.8 million pounds of thrust.
process information.
• The second stage is powered by two BE-3U
• Quantum computers use qubits, which can engines, using liquid hydrogen and oxygen,
represent both 0 and 1 simultaneously through generating over 320,000 pounds of vacuum
quantum superposition, making them more thrust.
powerful.
Š Qubits are fragile and prone to errors,
INDIA’S FIRST GLASS BRIDGE OVER
unlike robust classical bits.
Š Methods like error-correction protocols are
SEA
needed to identify and fix these errors. In News
• Surface Code Method arranges qubits on a grid, • The Tamil Nadu CM inaugurated India’s first glass
using data qubits and measurement qubits bridge over the sea.
to detect and correct errors without violating
About bridge
quantum principles like the no-cloning theorem.
• It connects the Tiruvalluvar Statue and
Vivekananda Rock Memorial in Kanniyakumari.
NEW GLENN ROCKET • The inauguration was part of the 25th anniversary
Context celebrations of the Tiruvalluvar Statue.
• The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has Š The statue is officially named the "Statue of
granted Blue Origin a commercial space launch Wisdom."
license for its New Glenn rocket. Š It represents the 133 chapters of Tirukkural.
What is the New Glenn rocket? • Bridge Features: The 77-meter-long, 10-meter-
• New Glenn is a heavy-lift, two-stage rocket wide bridge allows safe passage between the
developed by Blue Origin. two landmarks while providing views of the sea
below.
Š It is named after John Glenn, the first American
Š The glass bridge was built to address issues
to orbit Earth.
faced by ferries, which are often unable to
• The rocket stands at 320 feet, and has a 7-meter-
dock near the Tiruvalluvar Statue due to rough
wide payload fairing.
seas and low tides.

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