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AMC12 Lecture1 Probability

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68 views10 pages

AMC12 Lecture1 Probability

Uploaded by

huanbojiang2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Counting with Addition and Subtraction

1.

At Brown High School, there are 12 players on the basketball team. All of

the players are taking at least one foreign language class. The school

offers only Spanish and French as its foreign language classes. 8 of the

players are taking Spanish and 5 of the players are taking both languages.

How many players are taking French?

2.

There are 27 cats at the pound. 14 of them are short-haired. 11 of them

are kittens. 5 of them are long-haired adult cats (not kittens). How many

of them are short-haired kittens?


3.

At the Gooddog Obedience School, dogs can learn to do three tricks: sit,

stay, and roll over. Of the dogs at the school:

50 dogs can sit 17 dogs can sit and stay

29 dogs can stay 12 dogs can stay and roll over

34 dogs can roll over 18 dogs can sit and roll over

9 dogs can do all three 9 dogs can do none

(a)How many dogs are in the school?

(b)How many dogs can do exactly 2 tricks?

4.

Every student in my school is in either French class or Spanish class, or

both. Let be the number of students in French class, be the number of

students in Spanish class, and be the number of students that are in both

classes. Find an expression in terms of , , and for how many students

there are in my school.


Counting Multiple Events

1.

You have three shirts and four pairs of pants. How many outfits

consisting of one shirt and one pair of pants can you make?

2.

In how many ways can we form an international commission if we must

choose one European country from among 6 European countries, one

Asian country from among 4, one North American country from among

3, and one African country from among 7?

3.

In how many ways can we form a license plate if there are 7 characters,

none of which is the letter O, the first of which is a numerical digit (0-9),

the second of which is a letter, and the remaining five of which can be

either a digit or a letter (but not the letter O)?


4.

In how many ways can I arrange four different books on a shelf?

5.

Your math club has 20 members. In how many ways can it select a

president, a vice-president, and a treasurer if no member can hold more

than one office?

6.

In how many ways can we arrange different books, where is a

positive integer?
Permutations

1.

A club has members, where is a positive integer. We want to

choose different officers of the club (where is also a positive integer,

and ), such that no member can hold more than one office.

(a)In how many ways can we fill the first office?

(b)Once we’ve filled the first office, in how many ways can we fill the

second office?

(c)If we proceed as in (a) and (b) above, in how many ways can we fill

the office?

(d)In how many ways can we choose the officers?


2.

My city is running a lottery. In the lottery, 25 balls numbered 1 through

25 are placed in a bin. Four balls are drawn one at a time and their

numbers are recorded. The winning combination consists of the four

selected numbers in the order they are selected. How many winning

combinations are there, if:

(a)each ball is discarded after it is removed?

(b)each ball is replaced in the bin after it is removed and before the next

ball is drawn?

3.

12 balls numbered 1 through 12 are placed in a bin. In how many ways

can 3 balls be drawn, in order, from the bin, if:

(a)each ball remains outside the bin after it is drawn?

(b)each ball is placed back into the bin immediately after it is drawn?

(c)the first ball is replaced after it is drawn but the second ball remains

outside the bin?


1.

How many positive integers less than 500 can be written as the sum of

two positive perfect cubes?

2.

There are 190 people on the beach. 110 are wearing sunglasses, 70 are

wearing bathing suits, and 95 are wearing a hat. Everyone is wearing at

least one of these items. 30 are wearing both bathing suits and

sunglasses. 25 are wearing both bathing suits and a hat. 40 are wearing

both sunglasses and a hat. How many people are wearing all three

items?

3.

There are 360 people in my school. 15 take calculus, physics, and

chemistry, and 15 don’t take any of them. 180 take calculus. Twice as

many students take chemistry as take physics. 75 take both calculus and

chemistry, and 75 take both physics and chemistry. Only 30 take both

physics and calculus. How many students take physics?


4.

In my fencing club there are twice as many boys who are in high school

as there are boys who are in middle school. Of the students in the club

who are in middle school, there are three times as many girls as there are

boys. Half of the girls who are in the club are in high school. If there are

72 people in my fencing club, how many are middle school boys?

5.

What is the units digit of the sum

6.

How many of the factorials from 1! to 100! are divisible by 9?


7.

Which integers satisfy and how many such integers are

there?

8.

My classroom has 11 rows of chairs, with 11 chairs in each row. The

chairs in each row are numbered from 1 to 11.

(a)How many chairs have odd numbers?

(b)★Suppose we replaced 11 with . Can you find a formula in terms

of for the number of chairs with odd numbers?


9.

We connect dots with toothpicks in a grid as shown in Figure 1.14. If

there are 10 horizontal toothpicks in each row and 20 vertical ones in

each column, how many total toothpicks are there?

Figure for Problem 9

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