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Unit 2

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30 views2 pages

Unit 2

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Đậu Hải
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UNIT 2.

WORK AND MOTIVATION


KEY TERM

● Motivation: factors that influence the behavior of workers toward achieving business
goals.
● Job satisfaction: The enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a
good job. There are three ways to motivate workers to be more committed to their job
and work more effectively:
● Job rotation: swapping workers round and only doing a specific task for a limited
time before swapping round again.
● Job enlargement: extra tasks are added to the job to make it more interesting
● Job enrichment: adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility
● Theory X: Workers must be constantly supervised so they will work. Motivation is
from external factors, e.g. pay schemes where the workers are paid more for increased
output.
● Theory Y: The average person is motivated by internal factors. To motivate workers,
you should help workers take an interest in their work, e.g. give rewards, incentives
● Maslow's hierarchy of needs: A theory of motivation which states that five
categories of human needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging
needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
● Frederick Herzberg’s motivation theory: Humans have two sets of needs. They are
basic needs and the second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically,
which he called motivational needs or motivators.
● Hygiene factors: The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job
dissatisfaction.

1. What is motivation?
Motivation is the factor that influences the behavior of workers towards achieving business
goals.
2. What are the most common ways to increase a worker's motivation? Give examples of
monetary and nonmonetary rewards.
The most common ways to increase motivation are:
- Monetary rewards: A salary increase is a common form of monetary reward
- Non-monetary rewards: flexible working
Introducing ways to give job satisfaction
3. What is job satisfaction?
Job satisfaction is the enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a good job.
4. How can companies raise the job satisfaction of their workers?
There are 3 ways to motivate workers to be more committed to their job and work more
effectively:
- Job rotation
Job enlargement
Job enrichment
5. Distinguish Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X is the person who does not like to work and must be constantly supervised so they
will work
Theory Y is the person who is motivated by internal factors
6. What are hygiene factors?
Hygiene factors are the factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job
dissatisfaction.
7. Describe briefly Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Physiological Needs: These are the most basic needs for survival, including food, water,
shelter, and sleep.
Safety Needs: Once physiological needs are met, people seek safety and security, such as
protection from harm and job security.
Love and Belonging Needs: People desire social connections, love, and a sense of
belonging.
Esteem Needs: Individuals strive for self-esteem, recognition, and respect from others.
Self-Actualization Needs: At the top of the pyramid, people seek to reach their full potential
and live a meaningful life.

BÀI TẬP

Fill in the blank with suitable terms.

1. _____________: Humans have two sets of needs of human are basic needs and the
second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically, which he called
motivational needs or motivators.
2. ____________: swapping workers round and only doing a specific task for a limited
time before swapping round again.
3. ____________: The enjoyment a worker gets from feeling that they have done a good
job. There are three ways to motivate workers to be more committed to their job and
work more effectively:
4. ____________: adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility
5. ____________: A theory of motivation which states that five categories of human
needs are physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs,
and self-actualization needs.
6. ____________: Workers must be constantly supervised so they will work. Motivation
is from external factors, e.g. pay schemes where the workers are paid more for
increased output.
7. ____________: The factors that must be present in the workplace to prevent job
dissatisfaction.
8. ____________: extra tasks are added to the job to make it more interesting
9. ____________: factors that influence the behavior of workers toward achieving
business goals.
10. ____________: The average person is motivated by internal factors. To motivate
workers, you should help workers take an interest in their work, e.g. give rewards,
incentives

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