Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Escuela Superior de Computo

Práctica 1

“Medición de variables en CD”

Para la materia:

Circuitos Eléctricos

Presentan:

Juárez Martínez Magalli Febronia

León Flores Daniela Alejandra

López Gabriel Efraín

Grupo: 3CM3 Equipo: 6

Profesor:

Edmundo René Durán Camarillo

15 marzo del 2024, CDMX

 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

Indice

Objective: ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
I.- Theoretical Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5
I.1 Ohmmeter: ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
I.2 Voltmeter: ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
I.3 Ammeter: .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
II.- Development ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
II.1.- Use of the ohmmeter ..................................................................................................................................... 7
II.2.- Use of voltmeter. ........................................................................................................................................... 8
II.3.- Use of ammeter. ............................................................................................................................................ 9
III.- Questionnaire .................................................................................................................................................... 11
IV.- Conclusions....................................................................................................................................................... 12
V.- Bibliography....................................................................................................................................................... 13
VI.- Attachments ...................................................................................................................................................... 14

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

Introduction

In electronics and electrical engineering, the proper handling of measuring instruments is very important
to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained. In this context, the main objective of this
report is to help students learn and correctly use the basic tools of a multimeter to measure variables.
Learning tools such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, and digital ammeters is very important for any electronics
professional because it allows for accurate measurements and understanding of how circuits work.
Therefore, at the end of this exercise it is expected that we as students will be able to correctly use these
tools and apply these concepts and knowledge in real-life situations.

To achieve this goal, we will provide a theoretical introduction that covers the basic principles of current
and voltage measurement and details the procedures for connecting instruments in various circuit
configurations. This report will emphasize the importance of following proper measurement procedures
to increase accuracy and safety when conducting electrical experiments. By integrating theory and
practice, students are expected to acquire the skills necessary to face challenges in electronics and
electrical engineering with confidence.

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

Objective:
The student will learn and properly use the basic instruments included in a multimeter for the measurement
of electrical variables on CD. They will understand the proper handling of measuring instruments, so that,
at the end of the practice, they must be able to:

Using the Digital Ohmmeter Properly

Use the digital voltmeter properly.
Use the digital ammeter properly.

Team Material

1 digital multimeter. 1 Protoboard.

1 Variable voltage source. 1 x 1KΩ resistor of 1/4 watt.
4 banana-alligator tips. 1 x 560Ω resistor of 1/4 watt.
2 pounds of cameo-cameo. 1 x 680Ω resistor of 1/4 watt.
1 x 330Ω resistor of 1/4 watt.
Connecting wires.

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

I.- Theoretical Introduction

I.1 Ohmmeter:
The ohmmeter is an instrument used to measure electrical resistance in a circuit. It consists of an internal
voltage source that applies a known current through the component whose resistance is to be measured.
The ohmmeter displays the resistance in ohms (Ω) on its display, either digitally or analogously. To use
an ohmmeter, the tips of the instrument are connected to the ends of the component whose resistance is to
be measured. It is important that the circuit is disconnected and without power to get an accurate
measurement.1

Figure 1. Ohmmeter
Figure 2. Multimetro digital
I.2 Voltmeter:
The voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the potential difference (voltage) between two points in a
circuit. It is connected in parallel to the component or part of the circuit where the voltage is to be
measured. When connected correctly, the voltmeter displays the voltage on its display in volts (V). It is
important to select the proper range on the voltmeter to prevent damage to the instrument and get accurate
measurements. 2

Figure 3. Voltímetro digital

1 «DLE: ohmímetro»
2Magnetti, Renée Cesar. Físico Química 2: Fisco-Química para Segundo año de Escuela Secundaria de Buenos Aires. Ediciones Personales. ISBN 978-
987-96291-9-2. Consultado el 20 de julio de 2023.

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https://definicion.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ohmimetro-digital.jpg
 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

I.3 Ammeter:
An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the electrical current flowing through a circuit. It is
connected in series with the component or part of the circuit where the current is to be measured. As with
the voltmeter, it is crucial to select the proper range on the ammeter to prevent damage and get accurate
measurements. Ammeters generally have a low internal resistance so as not to significantly alter the
current of the circuit they are measuring. 3

Figure 5. Ammeter
Figure 4. Ammeter

3 «Amperímetro || Electrónica Básica». 4 de junio de 2013. Archivado desde el original el 17 de julio de 2013. «Amperímetros digitales ».

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

II.- Development
II.1.- Use of the ohmmeter
Without energizing any circuit element, measure the resistance value of each resistor, as shown in Fig. 6
and fill out Table 1, using the resistors proposed in the material list.

Figure 6. Simulación de conexión del Óhmetro

Table 1. Measurement of resistive values.

Measuring with the Color-coded value
Resistance
digital ohmmeter (report the appropriate color code)
R1 = 1 KΩ 0.998 KΩ Brown, Black, Black, Brown, Brown
R2 = 560 Ω 0.557 KΩ Green, Blue, Black, Black, Brown
R3 = 680 Ω 0.67 KΩ Blue, Grey, Black, Black, Brown
R4 = 330 Ω 327.4 Ω Naranja, naranja, negro, negro, oro

Figure 7. Simulation of the use of the Ohmmeter

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

II.2.- Use of voltmeter.

Fig. 8 shows how the voltage of an element should be measured. With the voltage supply turned off,
assemble the circuit in Fig. 9. Once the circuit is assembled, turn on the voltage source and fill in table 2,
consider that the voltage values of the source will vary.

Figure 8. Voltmeter Connection Simulation. Figure 9. Series circuit.

Table 2. Voltage measurement.

Digital Multimeter Simulations
Voltage
Voltage at R1 Voltage Voltage
Source Voltage at R1 Voltage in R2
and R2 R1 R2
E = 1V 1.004 V 0.756 V 0.248 V 0.75 V 0.25 V
E = 2V 2.001 V 1.507 V 0.494 V 1.5 V 0.5 V
E = 3V 3V 2.260 V 0.741 V 2.26 V 0.74 V
E = 4V 3.997 V 3.01 V 0.987 V 3.01 V 0.99 V
E = 5V 4.996 V 3.762 V 1.234 V 3.76 V 1.24 V
E = 6V 5.993 V 4.512 V 1.48 V 4.51 V 1.49 V
E = 7V 6.990 V 5.262 V 1.727 V 5.26 V 1.74 V
E = 8V 7.99 V 6.015 V 1.975 V 6.02 V 1.98 V
E = 9V 8.992 V 6.768 V 2.223 V 6.77 V 2.23 V
E = 10V 9.88 V 7.518 V 2.47 V 7.52 V 2.48 V
E = 11V 10.983 V 8.266 V 2.717 V 8.27 V 2.73 V
E = 12V 11.982 V 9.016 V 2.966 V 9.02 V 2.98 V

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

II.3.- Use of ammeter.

Figure 10 shows how the ammeter should be connected for current measurement in an element.

Figure 10. Ammeter Connection Simulation Figure 11. Parallel Circuit

With the voltage source off, assemble the circuit in Fig. 11. Once the circuit is assembled, turn on the
voltage source and fill in Table 3.
Table 3. Current measuremente.
Multímetro digital Simulaciones
Voltage Current
Current Current Current Current
Source through R1
through R1 through R2 R1 R2
and R2
E = 1V 3.247 mA 1.782 mA 1.477 mA 1.49 mA 1.47 mA
E = 2V 6.47 mA 3.554 mA 2.946 mA 3.57 mA 2.94 mA
E = 3V 9.70 mA 5.331 mA 4.417 mA 5.36 mA 4.41 mA
E = 4V 12.93 mA 7.105 mA 5.884 mA 7.14 mA 5.88 mA
E = 5V 19.169 mA 8.885 mA 7.353 mA 8.93 mA 7.35 mA
E = 6V 19.408 mA 10.668 mA 8.821 mA 10.7 mA 8.82 mA
E = 7V 22.657 mA 12.45 mA 10.288 mA 12.5 mA 10.3 mA
E = 8V 25.917 mA 14.248 mA 11.762 mA 14.3 mA 11.8 mA
E = 9V 29.19 mA 16.053 mA 13.239 mA 16.1 mA 13.2 mA
E = 10V 32.471 mA 17.859 mA 14.708 mA 17.9 mA 14.7 mA
E = 11V 35.77 mA 19.681 mA 16.178 mA 19.6 mA 16.2 mA
E = 12V 39.055 mA 20.529 mA 17.655 mA 21.4 mA 17.6 mA

Fig. 12 shows the simulation of the amperage measurement for each resistor in the circuit, at 7 volts and
11 volts.

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

Figure 12. Simulación de medición de corriente

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

III.- Questionnaire

1. What is the characteristic of a series circuit?

-- The main characteristic of a series circuit is that it has only one path along which its current can
flow; In addition, when a circuit is opened in series at any point, it causes the circuit to stop working.

2. What is the characteristic of a parallel circuit?

--La principal característica de un circuito en paralelo es que dos o más componentes estén conectados
en paralelo tendrán la misma diferencia de voltaje en sus extremos.

3. What is the main difference between an analog meter and a digital meter?

-- Los analógicos tienen una aguja y una escala calibrada con diversos valores, mientras que los
digitales muestran un valor en pantalla de cristal líquido.

4. Why should an ammeter not be connected in parallel?

Porque el amperio tiene una resistencia interna, casi nula. Ahora bien, la intensidad que corre por el
amperímetro será muy alta, por lo que esto provocará un corto circuito y puede causar que el
amperímetro pueda dañarse.

Why should the circuit be de-energized when measuring the resistance of an electrical circuit?

One of the main reasons is for safety as it can be risky for whoever is handling it and for the measuring
equipment. In addition, multimeters and ohmmeters use their own current to measure resistance, so if
the circuit is energized the external current interferes with the measurement, resulting in erroneous
measurements.

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

IV.- Conclusions

In this practice we have learned to properly use the measuring instruments of the laboratory, among them
are a multimeter for the measurement of electrical variables in direct current; By means of the voltmeter,
ohmmeter and digital ammeter we are able to understand the proper use of these instruments. In addition,
it helped us understand some characteristics of each of these, such as what type of circuits they are used
in and how they flow and how they are measured.

-.León Flores Daniela Alejandra

The development of this practice has led us to successfully meet the proposed objective of learning and
properly using the basic instruments of a multimeter for the measurement of electrical variables in direct
current. Through the manipulation of the ohmmeter, voltmeter, and digital ammeter, we have acquired the
skills necessary to make accurate measurements in electrical circuits. Understanding how to connect these
instruments in serial and parallel circuits has provided us with a clear view of how they work and apply
in practical situations.

-.López Gabriel Efraín

By developing the practice, I have learned to correctly use the measuring instruments, both the digital and
the analog multimeter, as well as to understand the correct way to measure the voltage of a circuit and its
current. The use of the ammeter was the most complicated for me because I did not know how it should
be placed to obtain a correct measurement, however, with the help of the teacher and my teammates, I
managed to do it.

-.Juárez Martínez Magalli Febronia

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

V.- Bibliography
1. «DLE: ohmímetro»

2. Magnetti, Renée Cesar. Físico Química 2: Fisco-Química para Segundo año de Escuela Secundaria de
Buenos Aires. Ediciones Personales. ISBN 978-987-96291-9-2. Consultado el 20 de julio de 2023.

3. «Amperímetro || Electrónica Básica». 4 de junio de 2013. Archivado desde el original el 17 de julio de

2013. «Amperímetros digitales ».

4. https://www.electricity-magnetism.org/es/baja-resistencia-ohmimetro/

Figure 1. ohmmeter. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ohmmeter.jpg

Figure 2. multimeter . https://definicion.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ohmimetro-digital.jpg

Figure 3. volmmeter. https://definicion.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ohmimetro-digital.jpg

Figure 4. Ammeter.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Amperemeter_hg.jpg/330px-
Amperemeter_hg.jpg
Figure 5. Ammeter. https://www.bluemetric.mx/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/amperimetro-digital-
inteligente-de-gancho-marca-lutron-modelo-cm-9942g-1.jpg

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 Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

VI.- Attachments
Anexo A

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Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

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Práctica 1 “Medición de variables en CD”

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Anexo B

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