ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON JUICE (Citrus limon)

AND OLIVE OIL (Olea europaea L.) AS AN

ALTERNATIVE GLASS CLEANER

A Research Presented to the

Senior High School Department of

Shining Light Christian College, Inc.

Binangonan, Rizal

In Partial Fulfillment of

the Requirements for

Earth and Life Science

SANDRINE FAITH M. PENOLIAR

SHAINE JANESSA P. BARANDA
RANA A. REYES
ZAIDA F. SACPA
JOSH WILAN B. SEBASTIAN

December 2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to give their deepest gratitude to each other for giving

countless help to conduct and finish this work, without each one of them this research

would be impossible to complete.

The researchers would like to thank the following:

To their thesis adviser, MR. LEDRICK ARAGO, who gave his moral support and

recommendations throughout the process of this paper, and for encouraging each pupil

to do their bit, for sharing his expertise with them, and for lending a helping hand.

To the RESEARCHERS’ FAMILY, Penoliar, Sebastian, Reyes, Sacpa, Baranda,

they gave each researcher their wholehearted support, encouragement, understanding,

and knowledge in addition to training them how to carry out the study.

And lastly, to the LORD JESUS who gave discernment, strength, and faith to

finish and fulfill this research.

- The Researchers
 DEDICATION

This study is genuinely devoted to everyone who put forth the effort necessary to

complete this thesis and supported one another while they worked on their tasks.

In addition, the researchers would like to thank their subject instructor, Mr.

Ledrick Arago, for his unwavering support for his students and constant guidance for the

research team, to improve this study.

To the researchers’ families, who supported them in every way, and to the

group’s

interdependence.

Finally, the researchers would like to thank GOD ALMIGHTY for providing them

with the intelligence, commitment, strength, and bravery required to conduct this study.

All of these would be impossible without you, so we give our utmost dedication to you.

- The Researchers
 ABSTRACT

TITLE: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS

OF LEMON JUICE (CITRUS LIMON)

AND OLIVE-OIL (Olea europaea L.) AS

AN ALTERNATIVE

GLASS CLEANER

RESEARCHERS:

Sandrine Faith M, Penoliar

Shaine Janessa P. Baranda

Rana A. Reyes

Zaida F. Sacpa

Josh Wilan B. Sebastian

THESIS ADVISER: Mr. Ledrick Arago

COURSE AND ACADEMIC YEAR: Accountancy and Business

Management SY- 2023-2024

TYPE OF DOCUMENT: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

TOTAL PAGES .

INSTITUTION: SHINING LIGHT CHRSITIAN COLLEGE, INC

Rizal Ave.Ext. Batingan,Binangonan Rizal

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ……………………………………………………………………………………… i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………………….. ii

DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………….... iii

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………. iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………... vi

LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………..… ix

LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………….… x

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ……………………………………. 1

1.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………………. 3

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM …………………………………. 4

1.4 HYPOTHESIS AND ASSUMPTIONS ………………………………..5

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS …………………………………………5

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS …………………………………………5

 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN ………………………………………………………. 9

2.2 SETTING OF THE STUDY ……………………………………………..… 10

2.3 SUBJECT OF THE STUDY ……………………………………………….. 10

2.4 SOURCE OF DATA ………………………………………………………... 10

2.5 PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY ……………………………………...…… 11

2.6 PROCEDURE OF THE EXPERIMENT …………………………………. 11

CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………………………. 13

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………………….. 15

LIST OF TABLES

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK …………………………………………….. 4

 CHAPTER 1

This chapter includes the introduction, background and purpose, Theoretical

Framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis and assumption, scope and

delimitation, and definition of terms used.

INTRODUCTION

This paper explores Assessing the effectiveness of Lemon juice (Citrus limon)

and Olive-oil (Olea europaea L.) as potential substitutes for

traditional glass cleaning agents. The study tests the efficiency of these

natural components against commercially available glass cleaners by determining their

effectiveness in removing various types of stains and marks from glass

surfaces, considering their ecological impacts and risks. Chemical-based glass

cleaners have become quite common;

however, growing concerns about their ecological impacts and health implications have

triggered the quest for more environment-friendly alternatives.

This research study discusses the effectiveness of two commonly available

natural liquids, lemon juice, and olive oil, as promising substitutes for chemical-

based glass cleaners.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The worldwide demand for cleaning agents has considerably expanded and

hence the production and use of these chemical-based cleaners have soared. These

cleaners have been known to be highly effective in removing dirt particles and grime;
however, the environmental effects and the health hazards associated with them have

raised quite a degree of apprehension. Most conventional cleaners possess volatile

organic compounds (VOCs) and other toxic chemicals that can contaminate the air and

water bodies because of their detrimental effects on ecosystems and human health.

Furthermore, their large-scale usage is very much implicated with environmental

degradation via waste accumulation as a result of disposal of the plastics and non-

biodegradable materials from the packaging of cleaning products. VOCs along with

chemicals in cleaning agents have poisoned human skin and are somewhat dangerous

and irritating in their effects that, so far as injuries are concerned, have led to some

developments. In such contexts has emerged the trend toward a more sustainable and

environmentally friendly cleaning way.

An increasing number of consumers are looking to seek natural and non-toxic

cleaning solutions safe for humans and friendly to the ecosystem. The research here

examines the potentials of two easily available agents, Citrus limon either known as

lemon juice or Olea europaea L. considered olive oil, as green substitutes for cleaning

glass surfaces. The research objective is to determine whether these natural

constituents can efficiently remove certain types of stains and marks on glass,

minimizing environmental damage and potential health hazards. It will provide a

foundation for furthering existing innovation and provide empirical recommendations for

consumers searching for green solutions.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

From the theoretical perspective, lemon juice acid and olive oil emulsifying

capabilities are capable of dissolving and eliminating oil stains. Thus, the lemon juice

can clean and olive oil can lubricate to pick up and spill dust and debris. The acidity is

used to clean since it is a chemical that can kinds remove stains and stains and olive oil

is also a lubricant that can help pull off dirt and dirt particles from the surface of the

glass as it prevents scratching. The combination of the cleaning and lubricating effect

of the mixture can be used to clean off fingerprints as well as smudges.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The study's conceptual model is divided into three subsections: the input,

process, and output which demonstrates how they are connected.

Natural glass cleaner made Preparation of materials Assessing The
from Lemon juice (Citrus Effectiveness of Citrus
Limon) and olive-oil (Olea Limon (Lemon juice) and
Europaea L.) Measuring Olea Europaea L. (Olive Oil)
as an alternative glass
cleaner
Measuring devices Mixing

Cleaning tools Pouring the mixture into a

clean and empty container

Commercial glass
Application

Empty containers
Cleaning action with natural
and commercial glass
(complete) cleaner

A mirror cleaned by natural

glass cleaner

B. mirror cleaned by the

commercial glass cleaner

C. mirror cleaned without

any glass cleaner

Input Process Output

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Cleaners contain harmful chemicals to human health and the environment. There

is a growing need for green cleaning products. This research explores a natural glass

cleaner made from Citrus limon (lemon juice) and Olea europaea L. (olive oil) as

a safe and sustainable alternative.

More specifically, the following research questions will be posed in this study:

1. To what extent does a solution of lemon juice and olive oil effectively clean glass

surfaces compare to commercially available glass cleaners?

2. How does the biodegradability of lemon juice and olive oil compare to the

ingredients in commercially available glass cleaners?

HYPOTHESIS

A mixture of Lemon juice (Citrus limon) and (Olea europaea L.) olive
proves to be an environmentally friendly as well as effective alternative cleaning agent
compared to glass-cleaning liquids since it displays at least similar if not
greater cleaning activity without containing undesirable residues. Being acidic, the lemo
n juice combines with the
emulsification and lubricating abilities of the olive oil to remove prominent glass dirt like
grease and soil from fingers or prints and smears. Besides, it reveals that
this green cleaning agent does not leave any kind of residue or negative effect on the
clarity and longevity of the glass surface and therefore offers a safe and green option.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The researchers primarily focus on Lemon juice. (Citrus Limon) and olive oil

(Olea Europaea) as an alternative glass cleaners. This research identifies the usage of

each material and how it is effective for what we are researching. The research focuses

on the effectiveness of the materials that the research is going to use. Also, the

researchers are only focusing on cleaning glass using the said ingredients.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Chemical-based glass cleaners - are cleaning products formulated with chemicals

designed to remove dirt, grease, fingerprints, smudges, and other residues from glass

surfaces.

Natural glass cleaner - natural glass cleaner is a cleaning product made from non-

toxic, environmentally friendly ingredients, often derived from plant-based or mineral

sources, designed to clean glass surfaces.

Ecosystem - a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical

environment. Ecosystems can be harmed by pollution from chemical cleaning agents,

leading to disruptions in the balance of flora and fauna.

Eco-Friendly - products or practices that have minimal negative impact on the

environment, such as being biodegradable, using sustainable resources, or reducing

pollution and waste.

Hydrophobic - a characteristic of a substance that repels water. Olive oil is

hydrophobic, meaning it does not mix with water and is effective at removing water-

based stains and smudges from glass surfaces.

Viscous - a description of a liquid's resistance to flow. Olive oil is viscous, meaning it is

thick and sticky, which helps it stay on the surface to act as a lubricant during cleaning,

reducing friction and preventing scratches.

Antioxidants - compounds found in substances like olive oil that help protect surfaces

from damage caused by oxidation, such as tarnishing or degradation. In the context of

glass cleaning, antioxidants may help preserve the clarity and integrity of the glass.

Synergistic Effect - the interaction between two or more substances that produces a

combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects. The synergy between

lemon juice and olive oil enhances their collective ability to clean glass by breaking

down grease and grime while lubricating and preventing scratches.

Residue - any leftover substance that remains on a surface after cleaning. Residue can

affect the clarity and longevity of glass if cleaning products do not completely dissolve or

remove all contaminants.

Safe Use - the ability of a cleaning product to be used without causing harm to human

health, the environment, or the surfaces being cleaned. Safe use involves ensuring that

the product does not leave toxic residues or cause damage to glass surfaces.
Emulsification - the process by which two immiscible liquids (such as oil and water)

are mixed to form a stable solution or emulsion. Olive oil, with its emulsifying properties,

helps break down and lift grease and dirt, facilitating their removal from glass surfaces.

Sustainable Alternative - a cleaning solution that is designed to meet the needs of

cleaning while minimizing negative environmental or health impacts. The combination of

lemon juice and olive oil provides a sustainable alternative to chemical-based cleaners,

offering both efficacy and eco-friendliness.

Pleasant Scent - a desirable fragrance that makes the cleaning process more

enjoyable. Lemon juice has a natural, refreshing scent, which enhances the cleaning

experience and serves as a mild, non-toxic alternative to chemical fragrances in

traditional cleaners.

Safety - the degree to which a cleaning product is free from harmful or toxic effects

when used as intended. The lemon juice and olive oil mixture is considered safe due to

its natural, non-toxic ingredients.

Effectiveness of Materials - refers to the ability of lemon juice and olive oil to achieve

the intended outcome of cleaning glass, including their capacity to remove dirt, streaks,

or smudges. This term focuses on the results of using these materials in comparison to
other cleaning agents, specifically regarding their cleaning performance on glass

surfaces.

Research Focus - the primary area of investigation in this study, is the use of lemon

juice and olive oil as cleaning agents specifically for glass surfaces. The research is

limited to evaluating these materials for their cleaning efficiency and not their application

to other types of surfaces or cleaning uses.

Efficiency - The ability to achieve a desired result with the least amount of effort, time,

or resources. In the context of this research, efficiency refers to how well lemon juice

and olive oil perform as glass cleaners, specifically in terms of their ability to clean

effectively, remove stains or smudges, and restore clarity without excessive use of the

material or time.

Smudges - marks, streaks, or smears left on a surface, typically caused by dirt, oil, or

moisture. Smudges are often visible as blurry or uneven patches on glass or other

smooth surfaces and can obstruct clarity or the appearance of the surface.

Prevent - to stop something from happening or arising. In the context of this research,

"prevent" refers to the ability of lemon juice and olive oil to inhibit the formation of dirt,
streaks, or smudges on glass surfaces, thereby maintaining cleanliness and clarity over

time.

Reduce - to make something smaller, less intense, or less in quantity. In the context of

this research, "reduce" refers to the ability of lemon juice and olive oil to lessen the

amount of dirt, streaks, or smudges on glass surfaces, improving cleanliness or clarity

while minimizing the effort or resources required for cleaning.

 CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the Research Design, Setting of the Study, Subject of the

Study, Source of Data, Procedure of the Study, and Procedure of the Experiment.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study used the experimental method of research to discover the Assessing

The effectiveness of Lemon Juice (citrus Limon) olive-oil (Olea europaea L.) as an

alternative glass cleaner.

In this experiment, the researchers intend to observe the effect of the glass

cleaner through trial and error. They also went through an experiment to find out how

they could use the olive oil and lemon juice when they use it as an alternative glass

cleaner.

They were assigned to do a task to test the effectiveness of the ingredients that are

going to be used for creating an alternative air freshener.

Experimental research is conducted with a scientific approach using two sets of

variables that help researchers gather the necessary data for making better research

decisions and determining the facts of a research study. It includes a hypothesis, a

variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be

measured, calculated, and compared. Most importantly, controlled environments are

used to conduct experimental research.

SETTING OF THE STUDY

The experiment was carried out in Libid, Binangonan, Rizal, one of the

researcher's residences, while the research was conducted at Shining Light Christian

College, Inc.

2.3 SUBJECT OF THE STUDY

Citrus Limon, often known as “lemon juice” are oval citrus fruit with smooth

porous skin is a species of small evergreen tree in the Citrus genus of the flowering

plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia, including Northeast India where it was first grown.

It is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange.

Olea Europaea, popularly known as Olive Oil. Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by

pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the

Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.

SOURCE OF DATA
 The researchers used a variety of research methods, such as reading articles,

and data from numerous websites to gather data for their study. Regarding the topic of

their study, the searchers also studied numerous web pages from the internet, and they

were able to learn more about the topic they were researching as an outcome.

2.5 PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY

The researchers began by using the internet to obtain data about their

individuals. They researched and examined its advantages, applications, and origins.

The researchers also researched the cultures of the subjects. Additionally, they

gathered information online about the method so they would have a good probability of

success with a subsequent trial. The researchers asked for more references from their

thesis teacher and assistance in avoiding blunders. Since millennials prefer using

modern technology over reading books, the researchers mostly relied on certain internet

domains. They also mention that many of the books they found were out-of-date and

could not be included in the study because so many discoveries had been made in the

fields.

2.6 PROCEDURE OF THE EXPERIMENT

The researchers first collect sufficient quantities of citrus lemon (lemon juice) and

Olea europaea (olive oil), which will serve as the primary subjects of the experiment.
 • The researchers gather the necessary materials, including a weighing scale,

lemon, cutting board, knife, strainer, bowl, container, and spray bottle.

• The lemon juice is extracted by pressing the sliced lemon, squeezing it

thoroughly, and letting it drop into the container.

• The researchers will then add the olive oil and shake the mixture to ensure it is

well combined.

• The researchers will put the mixture into the spray bottle.

• The researchers used the sprayer and tested it on the selected type of glass.

• The researchers observe the impact of the mixture on the glass, recording the

exact amount of time it remains on the surface before any additional steps are taken.

• Once the designated time has passed, the glass is inspected to evaluate the

mixture's effectiveness as a cleaning agent, and the observations are documented for

analysis.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ways To Use Lemons For Cleaning: https://blancliving.co/blogs/news/7-clever-

ways-to-clean-with-lemons

Olive Oil as cleaner: https://www.southernliving.com/things-to-clean-with-olive-

oil-8636695

Lemon Juice for cleaning: https://cleanheartmaids.com/lemon-juice-for-cleaning-

your-home/

Olive oil for glass cleaner: https://surya.co.in/quick-guide-how-to-clean-a-glass-

cooktop/
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PROFILE

Name; Sandrine Faith M. Penoliar

Age: 16 years old

Birthday: December 27 2007

Nationality: Filipino

Address: 0058 J.M Basa S. Libid Binangonan Rizal

CONTACT INFORMATION

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09754424132

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Shining Light Christian College Inc.

High School: Margarito A. Duavit Integrated School Shining Light Christian College Inc.

QUOTE

Be proud of your hustle.

PROFILE

Name: Josh Wilan B. Sebastian

Age: 16 years old

Birthday: 16 years old

Nationality: Filipino

Address: #1266 Katipunan St. Calumpang Cableway New

Road Binangonan Rizal

CONTACT INFORMATION

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09560990271

EDUCATION:

Elementary: Calumpang Elementary School

High School: Mahabang Parang National Highschool

Senior High School: Shining Light Christian College Inc.

QUOTE

Don’t regret having a good heart, all good things come back and multiply.
PROFILE

Name: Rana A. Reyes

Age: 16 years old

Birthday: February 28, 2008

Nationality: Filipino

Address: 015 Flores St. Lunsad Binangonan Rizal

CONTACT INFORMATION

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09525497892

EDUCATION:

Elementary: Lunsad Elementary School

High School: Margarito A. Duavit Integrated School

Senior High School: Shining Light Christian College Inc.

(PERFECT 100)
PROFILE

Name: Shaine Janessa Baranda

Age: 16 years old

Birthday: June 2 2008

Nationality: Filipino

Address: Sunny Valle 1 Carabao Road Pantok

Binangonan Rizal

CONTACT INFORMATION

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09690283361

EDUCATION:

Elementary: Dona Susana Madrigal Integrated Schhol

High School: Vicente Madrigal Integrated School

Senior High School:Shining Light Christian College Inc.

QUOTE

Don’t ever think it can’t happen to you

PROFILE

Name: Zaida F. Sacpa

Age: 16 years old

Birthday: May 7 2008

Nationality: Filipino

Address: 393 E Jacinto Gupiing Lunsad Binangonan Rizal

CONTACT INFORMATION

E-mail Address: [email protected]

Contact Number: 09810787447

EDUCATION:

Elementary: Lunsad Elementary School

High School: Margarito A. Duavit Integrated School

Senior High School: Shining Light Christian College Inc.

QUOTE

Do your best and God will do the rest.