A fathometer is a device that uses echo sounding to measure the depth of the

ocean or any other water bodies. Fathom is the unit for measuring the depth of any water body.
A fathometer is more useful compared to conventional instruments to measure the depth
because it can be used in bad weather and is more accurate with only an error of ± 7 cm. A
fathometer is also used to locate the iceberg below the sea surface and schools of fish.

A marine chronometer is a precision timepiece that is carried on a ship and

employed in the determination of the ship's position by celestial navigation. It is used to
determine longitude by comparing Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and the time at the current
location found from observations of celestial bodies.

Anemometer is a device useful in measuring wind speed and direction. It is also the
common weather station instrument. This term is derived from the word anemos, which is of Greek origin. Its
meaning is wind. It also describes any wind speed instrument useful in meteorology. An anemometer is an
instrument that also measures wind pressure. It is having its important for meteorologists to study the
weather patterns.

Marine VHF radio is a worldwide system of two way radio transceivers on

ships and watercraft used for bidirectional voice communication from ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore
(for example with harbormasters), and in certain circumstances ship-to-aircraft. It
uses FM channels in the very high frequency (VHF) radio band in the frequency range between
156 and 174 MHz, designated by the International Telecommunication Union as the VHF
maritime mobile band.
 Navigation is one of the most critical aspects of a ship's
operations, and GPS provides accurate and reliable information on a ship's position, course,
and speed. With GPS, a ship's crew can determine its exact location, plan and execute safe
routes, avoid hazards, and navigate through rough weather conditions.

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a short-range coastal

tracking system currently used on ships. It was developed to provide identification and positioning
information to both vessels and shore stations.

A thermometer is consist of a glass tube sealed with both

ends, a liquid such as alcohol or mercury, and a label or scale indicated on the glass
tube. When the liquid inside the glass tube gets hotter, it expands (increase in size)
by an amount that’s directly related to the temperature. Measurement then can be
obtained through the scale or label on the glass tube.

An electronic message that signals the release of cargo at the

destination port without the need for an original bill. This process speeds up the release of
shipments, especially in situations where physical documentation might not reach the
destination in time.
 Magnetic compass is one of the major maritime navigational equipment and its
usage is critical. Simply put, a magnetised needle, suspended freely, points North because of the forces
caused by the Earth's magnetic field. Once North is known, the other directions are easily found.

The Pelorus is used for relative bearings and compass bearings. The
rotatable brass degree scale has a diameter of 160 mm and a full-circle degree marking. Same can be
locked to adjust the compass course.

A navigation light, also known as a running or position light, is a source of

illumination on a watercraft, aircraft or spacecraft, meant to give information on the craft's position,
heading, or status. Some navigation lights are colour-coded red and green to aid traffic control by
identifying the craft's orientation.
 A tachometer is an instrument which measures the rotation speed of
a shaft or disk. It is designed to measure the revolutions per minute (RPM) of a moving
object. The purpose of the tachometer is to measure the rotational speed of a machine.
For example, within the automotive industry, a tachometer is typically displayed on the
dashboard of the car. This informs the driver when to shift gears taking the rotational
speed of the shaft into account.

A device used to indicate the present position of the rudder

blade, usually fitted in the wheelhouse, bridge wings and engine control room.

An inclinometer, or clinometer, is an instrument used for

measuring angles of slope (or tilt) or elevation of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It
used aboard a ship to measure the list when loading cargo and fuel.

It is used to identify what speed can be expected because speed

depends on a variety of factors like weather condition and the amount of load the ship is
carrying. E.g. 100 rpm = 20 knots in good weather and 19 knots when there is opposite current
or 18 knots when there is more weight on the ship.
 Speed logs measure the speed of a ship and are also
known as ship logs. There are two ways of measuring the speed. The first one is with reference
to water which flows by the hull, called water reference speed. The second one is in reference
to the seabed and is called ground reference speed.

 Masthead light
means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an
unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225° and so fixed as to show the light from
right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam on either side of the vessel.
 Sidelight
means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing
an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5° and so fixed as to show the light
from right ahead to 22.5° abaft the beam on its respective side.
In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one
lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel.

 Sternlight
means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an
unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135° and so fixed as to show the
light 67.5° from right aft on each side of the vessel.

 Towing light
means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the sternlight.

 All-round light
means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360°.

 Flashing light
means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or
more per minute.
 Barometer, device used to measure atmospheric
pressure. Because atmospheric pressure changes with distance above or
below sea level, a barometer can also be used to measure altitude. There are
two main types of barometers: mercury and aneroid.

Navigation lights help you and other boaters determine

which is the give-way vessel when encountering each other at night. These
lights must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during periods of
restricted visibility, such as fog.

An engine order telegraph or E.O.T., also

referred to as a Chadburn, is a communications device used on a ship (or
submarine) for the pilot on the bridge to order engineers in the engine
room to power the vessel at a certain desired speed.

A Gyro compass is a form of gyroscope, used

widely on ships. It employs an electrically powered, fast-spinning gyroscope
wheel and frictional forces, among other factors, to find the true north,
utilising the basic physical laws, influences of gravity, and the Earth’s
rotation.
 Radar is one of the most important and widely used
equipment systems onboard ships. It is designed for detecting and tracking targets at a
considerable distance, such as other vessels, landmasses, buoys, etc. It also helps to
navigate safely in restricted visibility and avoid collisions.

A nautical chart is one of the most fundamental tools

available to the mariner. It is a map that depicts the configuration of the shoreline and seafloor.
It provides water depths, locations of dangers to navigation, locations and characteristics of aids
to navigation, anchorages, and other features.

A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects

by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation.[1] Originally, it was
an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant
objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of
instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some
cases other types of detectors.
 The OMC is used by navigators to determine the ship's heading, or direction of
travel, relative to the Earth's magnetic north. The compass is typically adjusted to account for deviations
from true north due to the ship's location and the Earth's magnetic field.mp is a type of navigation
instrument used in ships to determine the direction of the ship. It is also known as a
"magnetic compass" or "ship's compass". An overhead magnetic compass is a type
of navigation instrument used in ships to determine the direction of the ship. It is
also known as a "magnetic compass" or "ship's compass".