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Motivation

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12 views15 pages

Motivation

Uploaded by

ginoongera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Motivation?

• Motivation is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains


goal-oriented behaviors.
• Motivation causes you to act in a way that gets you closer to
your goals.

• THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND HUMAN ACTIONS


Major Components or Elements
1. Activation is the decision to initiate a behavior. An example of
activation would be enrolling in human resource management
courses in order to earn your degree.
2. Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though
obstacles may exist. An example of persistence would be
showing up for your HRM class even though you are tired from
staying up late the night before.
3. Intensity is the concentration and vigor that goes into
pursuing a goal. For example, one student might coast by
without much effort (minimal intensity) while another student
studies regularly, participates in classroom discussions, and
takes advantage of research opportunities outside of class
(greater intensity).
Types of Motivation
• The two main types of motivation are frequently
described as being either extrinsic or intrinsic.
1. Extrinsic motivation arises from outside of the
individual and often involves external rewards such as
trophies, money, social recognition, or praise.
• Extrinsic motivation is involved in operant
conditioning, which is when someone or
something is conditioned to behave a certain way
due to a reward or consequence.

Operant behaviors, on the other hand, are


those under our conscious control. Some may occur
spontaneously and others purposely, but it is the
consequences of these actions that then influence
whether or not they occur again in the future. Our
actions on the environment and the consequences
of that action make up an important part of
the learning process.
Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning
1.Positive reinforcers are favorable events or outcomes that are
presented after the behavior. In positive reinforcement
situations, a response or behavior is strengthened by the
addition of praise or a direct reward. If you do a good job at
work and your manager gives you a bonus, that bonus is a
positive reinforcer.

2.Negative reinforcers involve the removal of unfavorable events


or outcomes after the display of a behavior. In these situations,
a response is strengthened by the removal of something
considered unpleasant. For example, if your child starts to
scream in the middle of a restaurant, but stops once you hand
them a treat, your action led to the removal of the unpleasant
condition, negatively reinforcing your behavior (not your
child's).
Examples Of Operant Conditioning
In Action
• After performing in a community theater play, you receive applause from the
audience.
= This acts as a positive reinforcer, inspiring you to try out for more
performance roles.
• A professor tells students that if they have perfect attendance all semester,
then they do not have to take the final comprehensive exam.
= By removing an unpleasant stimulus (the final test), students are negatively
reinforced to attend class regularly.
• You train your dog to fetch by offering him praise and a pat on the
head whenever he performs the behavior correctly.
= This is another positive reinforcer.
Types of Motivation
• The two main types of motivation are
frequently described as being either
extrinsic or intrinsic.
2. Intrinsic motivation is internal and
arises from within the individual, such
as doing a complicated crossword
puzzle purely for the gratification of
solving a problem.
Extrinsic Motivation or Intrinsic Motivation?
Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation
Participating in a sport to win awards Participating in a sport because you find the
activity enjoyable
Cleaning your room to avoid being reprimanded by Solving a word puzzle because you find the
your parents challenge fun and exciting
Competing in a contest to win a scholarship Cleaning your room because you like tidying up

Studying because you want to get a good grade Studying a subject you find fascinating

• Participating in a sport to win awards • Competing in a contest to win a scholarship


• Cleaning your room to avoid being • Cleaning your room because you like
reprimanded by your parents tidying up
• Participating in a sport because you find • Studying a subject you find fascinating
the activity enjoyable
• Studying because you want to get a good
• Solving a word puzzle because you find the grade
challenge fun and exciting
Why Motivation Is Important?
Understanding motivation can:
• Increase your efficiency as you work toward your
goals
• Drive you to take action
• Encourage you to engage in health-oriented
behaviors
• Help you avoid unhealthy or maladaptive
behaviors, such as risk-taking and addiction
• Help you feel more in control of your life
• Improve your overall well-being and happiness
Tips for Improving Your Motivation
If you're feeling low on motivation, there are steps you can
take to help increase your drive. Some things you can do to
develop or improve your motivation include:
✓Adjust your goals to focus on things that really matter to
you. Focusing on things that are highly important to you
will help push you through your challenges more than goals
based on things that are low in importance.
✓If you're tackling something that feels too big or too
overwhelming, break it up into smaller, more manageable
steps. Then, set your sights on achieving only the first step.
Instead of trying to lose 50 pounds, for example, break this
goal down into five-pound increments.
Tips for Improving Your Motivation
If you're feeling low on motivation, there are steps you can
take to help increase your drive. Some things you can do to
develop or improve your motivation include:
✓Improve your confidence. Research suggests that there is a
connection between confidence and motivation.So, gaining
more confidence in yourself and your skills can impact your
ability to achieve your goals.
✓Remind yourself about what you've achieved in the past and
where your strengths lie. This helps keep self-doubts from
limiting your motivation.
✓If there are things you feel insecure about, try working on
making improvements in those areas so you feel more skilled
and capable.
Theories of Motivation
• Content Theories
These theories provide an explanation about what motivation actually is.
1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
2. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
3. McClelland’s Three Needs Theory
4. McGregor’s Theory X and Y
5. Alderfer’s ERG Theory

• Process Theories
These theories tell how motivation actually works.
6. Adam’s Equity Theory
7. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
8. Locke’s Goal Setting Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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