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Dbms Imp Topics

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10 views3 pages

Dbms Imp Topics

Uploaded by

warriorblazefire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database management system

Semester: 5th
Important topics for semester exam

1. Focus on ER diagrams, normalization problems (higher normal form and


conversion), and SQL queries.
2. Practice relational algebra and calculus problems (join, union, aggregate functions, etc).
3. Study transaction processing and recovery mechanisms thoroughly for theoretical
questions.
4. Revise the definitions of keys, constraints, and normalization.
5. Protocols on transactions (2PL) and deadlock recovery, and graph based.

Database System vs. File System


• Advantages of DBMS over file systems.
Database Architecture
• Three-schema architecture (Internal, Conceptual, External). ****
Data Independence
• Logical and physical data independence****.
Data Models
• Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Object-Oriented models.
Database Languages
• DDL, DML, DCL, and their purposes.
ER Model
• Mapping constraints and keys (Super Key, Candidate Key, Primary Key).

1. Explain the three-schema architecture.


2. Differentiate between logical and physical data independence.
3. Draw and explain an ER diagram for a library management system.

Aditya Bhushan
SQL Basics
• Characteristics and Advantages of SQL.
• Types of SQL commands: DDL, DML, DCL, TCL. ****
• SQL Joins (Inner, Outer, Self) **********.
Advanced SQL
• Views, Indexes, Triggers, and Cursors.
• Aggregate functions and Subqueries.
4. Write SQL queries for:
• Joins between two tables.
• Aggregation and grouping. ****
Explain relational algebra operations with examples.

Functional Dependencies
Trivial and non-trivial dependency**
Normalization
• 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF with examples**.
• Multivalued Dependency (MVD) and Join Dependency (JD).
• Canonical cover**
Lossless Join Decomposition**
• Properties and examples.

Explain functional dependencies and their role in normalization.


Normalize a given schema to 3NF or BCNF**.
What is lossless join decomposition? Provide an example**.

Transaction Concepts
• ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) **.
Serializability

Aditya Bhushan
• Conflict and View Serializability**.
• Testing schedules for serializability**.
Recovery Mechanisms
• Log-based recovery, checkpoints, and shadow paging**.
Distributed Databases
• Concurrency control in distributed systems******.
• Data storage and directory systems.

Define ACID properties with examples.


Test a given schedule for conflict serializability.
Explain log-based recovery with an example****.

Concurrency Control Techniques


• Lock-based protocols (2PL) ****.
• Time-stamping protocols****.
• Validation-based protocols********.
Recovery in Concurrent Transactions
• Multi-version concurrency control (MVCC). ****
Case Study
• Oracle DBMS architecture and concurrency mechanisms.

Explain Two-Phase Locking (2PL) with an example.

Describe the concept of timestamp ordering in concurrency control.

How does multi-version concurrency control work? **

Aditya Bhushan

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