NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION

STANDARD SCORES AND

THE NORMAL CURVE
 Learning Objectives

▪ Determine the probability values

given some conditions of a normal
distribution;
▪ Illustrate in a diagram the area under
a normal curve,
▪ Calculate the area under the normal
curve.
 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
The normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is the most
important of all distributions because it describes the situation in
which very large values are rather common. It is one of the useful
models for the population relative frequency distribution. The
normal distribution was proposed by Carl Friedrich
Gauss(1977-1855), thus this was named Gaussian distribution, a
model for the relative frequency distribution of errors such as
errors of measurement.
 Properties of Normal Curve
1. A probability is said to be normal if the mean
,median and mode coincides at a single point;
the values of the mean ,median , and mode
are equal.
2. The mean coincides with a line that divides
the normal curve into two equal parts. It is
symmetric about the mean because the area
on the left half of the curve is equal to the
area on the right half.
3. The total area under the curve is equal to 1 or
100%.
 THE NORMAL CURVE
A Normal curve distribution is
represented by a normal curve . The area
under a normal curve indicates
probability ,so the larger the area ,the
greater the probability. The graph of a
normal distribution is a bell shaped
curve that extends indefinitely in both
directions.
 PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
1. A normal distribution curve is bell-shaped.
2. The mean, median, and mode are equal and are
located at the center of the distribution.
3. A normal distribution curve is unimodal (i.e., it
has only one mode).
4. The curve is symmetric about the mean, which
is equivalent to saying that its shape is the
same on both sides of a vertical line passing
through the center.
5. The curve is continuous; that is, there are no
gaps or holes. For each value of X, there is a
corresponding value of Y.

6. The curve never touches the x-axis.

Theoretically, no matter how far in either
direction the curve extends, it never meets the
x-axis – but it gets increasingly closer.
7. The total area under a normal distribution
curve is equal to 1.00, or 100%.

8. The area under the part of a normal curve that

lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean is
approximately 0.68, or 68%; within 2 standard
deviations, about 0.95, or 95%; and within 3
standard deviations, about 0.997, or 99.7%.
Areas under a Normal
Distribution Curve
STANDARD SCORES (z)
▪ THE PRIMARY PROCEDURE IN
FINDING AREAS UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE IS TO CONVERT
THE NORMAL CURVE OF ANY GIVEN
VARIABLE INTO A STANDARDIZED
NORMAL CURVE BY USING THE
FORMULA FOR THE STANDARD
SCORES.
▪
Standard Normal
Distribution
 ▪ EXAMPLE 1
Let us suppose that the mean of
the test is 122 and the sd is 24.
Then if Jose earns a score of
146 on this test ,while Edgar’s
score is 110 on this test , find
their z-score.
 ▪ EXAMPLE 2
Two equivalent intelligent tests are given
to similar group, the tests are designed
with different scales . The statistics for the
tests are listed below. Which is better a
score of 145 on Test I or a score of 60 on
Test II.
Test I Test II
mean- 100 mean - 40
s-15 s-5
▪ Therefore ,a score of 145 on Test I is 3.00
standard deviations above the mean,
while a score of 60 in Test II,is 4.00
standard deviations above the mean. This
implies that 60 on test II is better score.
Although 60 is less than 145 ,it has a
better relative position when considered
in the context of the other test results.
 ▪ EXAMPLE 3
Tricia got 141 in English and 112 in Gen.
Statistics. If the scores in English averaged
148 with a standard deviation of 3.2 while
the average score of Gen. Statistics is 113
with a standard deviation of 4.3 in what
subject did Tricia get a higher grade?
How to find the area under the
standard normal curve?
Step 1 Draw the normal distribution curve and
shade the area.

Step 2 To find the area under the standard

normal curve, standard normal distribution
table is necessary
1. Area to the left of z =2.11
2. Area to the left of z = -1.43
3. Area to the right of z = 0.23
4. Area to the right of z = -0.15
5. Area between z=0 and z=0.75
6. Area between z=0 and z= -2.07
7. Area between z=0.79 and z= 1.28
8. Area between z= -1.56 and z= -1.83
9. Area between z= 2.47 and z= -1.03
10. Area to the right of z=1.92 and to
the left of z=-0.44
 EXERCISES:
1. Find the area to the left of 𝑧 = 2.06

It is 0.9803. Hence, 98.03% of the area is to the left of 𝑧 = 2.06.

2. Find the area to the left of 𝑧 = -1.19

It is 0.8830. Hence, 88.30% of the area is to the right of 𝑧 = -1.19.

3. Find the area between z= +1.68 and z= -1.37

It is 0.8682. Hence, 86.82% of the area is to between z= +1.68 and

z= -1.37
How to compute the probabilities
under the standard normal curve?

▪ For probabilities, a special notation is

used. For example, if the problem is to
find the probability of any z value
between 0 and 2.32, this probability
is written as P (0 < z < 2.32).
Note: In a continuous distribution, the
probability of any exact z value is zero since the
area would be represented by a vertical line
above the value. But vertical lines in theory
have no are.
So P (a ≤ z ≤ b) = P (a < z < b).

Find the probability for each.

a. P (0 < z < 2.32)
b. b. P (z < 1.65)
c. c. P (z > 1.91)
Find the probability for each.

a. P (0 < z < 2.32) 0.4898, or

48.98%

b. b. P (z < 1.65)
0.9505, or
95.05%.

c. c. P (z > 1.91)
0.0281, or
2.81%.
 ACTIVITY
▪ Area between -3.00 and -3.40
▪ Area between 2.38 and -1.56
▪ Area to the right of -0.72
▪ Area to the left of 1.90
▪ P (Z≤ 1.5)
▪ P(Z≥2.0)
▪ P(-2.0≤Z≤0.95)
▪ P(-1.5≤Z≤-0.5)
 AREAS UNDER THE UNIT
NORMAL CURVE
EXAMPLES
1. Find the area beneath a
standard normal curve between
mean z = 0 and the point -1.58.
2. Find the probability that a
normal distribution random variable
will be within z=1 standard deviation
of its mean.

3. Find the probability that a

normally distributed variable x will
lie more than 1.5 standard deviation
above its mean.
4. Find the area under the
normal curve between z= 0.5
and z=2.37.
5. Find the area under the
normal curve between z= -1.0
and z=2.5
6. Find the area between
z = -0.70 and z= 1.25

7. Find the area between

z= 0.68 and z= 1.56
8. Find the area less than 1.64

9. Find the area Greater than – 0.47

10. Find the area under the curve

between 12 and 15 with:
a. mean = 10 and s= 5
11. The event X has a normal
distribution with mean 𝜇 = 10
and variance = 9. Find the
probability that it will fall:

a.) between 10 and 11

b.) between 12 and 19
c.) above 13
 NORMAL CURVE APPLICATION
1. The length of a tube received by a
certain laboratory have a mean of
4.62 inches and a standard
deviation of 0.23 inches
a. What percentage of all these tubes are
longer than 5.00 inches?
b. What percentage of the tubes are
between 4.35 and 4.85 inches long?
2. All the second-graders in a school
took an IQ test with a mean of 100 and
a SD of 15. An administrator wants to
determine what percent of the
examinees should score between 1 SD
above (100 + 15 = 115 IQ) and 1 SD
below (100 - 15 = 85 IQ) the mean.
3. The masses of a population of
blackbirds are normally distributed
with mean 103 g and standard
deviation 11 g.
a.) To the nearest integer, what percentage of
blackbirds have masses less than 110 g?

b.) To the nearest tenth, what percentage of

blackbirds have masses greater than 124 g?

c.)To the nearest integer, what percentage of

blackbirds have masses between 95 g and 120
g?
▪ 4. In a school with 1 000 students,
the heights of students are normally
distributed with mean 113 cm and
standard deviation 5 cm. How many
students are shorter than 121 cm?