AU

College of
engineering
Civil Engineering Department
Diploma
Bachelor
Subject Hydraulics
Section Class 1, P. 2
Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces

Semester Fall
202 4 Spring
Summer
p r e pa r e d b y
Eng. Mahmoud Hesham
65095157
 Gauge pressure or Pgange
N m3
mint
pg
Ifeatic
height m
t

y
water

I
3m
f g h
Density x
gravity
m3 9.81 M s2
kg
9.81 3
Pg 1 00 29430
1600
Pa
11
M2
y

29.43 kpa
Atmospheric pressure or Palm

Absolute pressure or KPabs

Patm 30 kpa
t b b b
Pabs Patm Pgange t
water

Pabs 30 4 29 43
É
3m
59 43 KPa Éx
 Force N
mgmassckg
P
d
F A

pressure Area m
N mEpa

A tr Had
r f d ar

A Length with

d 51 mm

P 2070 kpa
P F Fe P A
115 31
12070 18
4228.64 N
1000
4 23 KN
 1
Hydrostatic forces on
Horizontal surfaces a

Fr

f J t t t t t t t pressure distribution

FR Range A

T
oil S G 0.851

5m
 foil
5.6 0.85
pw

foil 0.85 Dw Fr x
0.8511000
h sm
850kg
bbbtbbb

Fr P A 8h A G g h A

Fr 850729.81 5 4 3
500310 N 500 31 KN
1000

of gravity 1.5m
Cynter
K C 9
4 3m
C
p
1 5m
Center of pressure

2m 2m
y y X
4m
 Patm 0.0

ftp. fwhwtfoil.hoil
P
Ugh w Agh oil É
SG
oil o 9
fi fi 0.911000
900 Kym

1000719.81 41.5 900719.81712 4

35904.6 Pa

FR 35904.6 TEI
253794.66N 253.795 KN
1000
 fr

doesn't depend on the

pressure

shape of container
D Sgh
 2 Hydrostatic forces on

vertical surfaces a

Free water surface

heh
hp 3h
h Para 8G
I
FR I

Ground level ath É I

Pang the 5g E
acts at c G k from bottom and

top surfaces

F Pang A 99 Ck A

acts at c
p 3h from top surf
th from bottom
surface
 T 5.6 10.68
T t

hehe
hp 3h 3ÉÉE
C G
he 3
3.7m 467m Fr c
g p

A A A

Magnitude Fr Pang.A Ohc A

Sg E A

0.68111000519 81 33 12.27137

557071.83N 557.07k
1000
Location hp 33h
3313.7 2.467m
from free surface

Ih
13 3.7 1 233 m

from the bottom

 Istrut
pinned support

y
3m
3181
L ED t
Fa CP
5m
tea

Ign
B

By
Fp 19 E A 1000 9.81 E 8 G
1883520 Nooo 1883.5
EMB o o
E
Fep 5 1883.5213181 0.0

Fed 1005.8 kN
 3 Hydrostatic forces on

Inclined surfaces a

Pang X
Fr
34k
hp
I t
h s
s P it

th E
X V

a g g g
Fr Pang A x
j eh

The A sine E
Wall width

59th W
4
he
99 b ska no

he hk
single
Le sing sing 21in
2h13 we
Lp ship
sing 334nF hp
70 a

Let It sino hep

 Ig Dwelooo kgm3
Jw Jw 9810N m3
SG
f 9.81 KN m3
É

600

mb Fs
jpg it

Fp the A
E bL
E EW Ino
9 81 87630 5
É
11055.75 KN

he k 2 4m

A hp a
231
241 5.33 m
 Le
If If
4.62m

Lp 5.31 6
31g Sin Go
15 m

9 24
A L sing Iq
m
4 Hydrostatic forces on

submerged surfaces a
 Submerged Plane Areas - General
A special case, a rectangular submerged gate 𝐵 × 𝐻 located in a tank

C
Po
Pang

Submerged gate
 Submerged Plane Areas - General
• 𝑭𝑹 is Resultant force on the submerged surface due to fluid pressure
• The center of pressure of the area is the point at which the resultant force can be
considered to act (atop
P)
• The centroid of area is the geometric center of submerged surface acts at C
• 𝜽 is the angle of inclination of the submerged surface from the horizontal axis
• 𝒉𝒄 is the depth of centroid of the submerged surface from free fluid surface
• 𝒉𝒑 is the depth of center of pressure of the submerged surface from free fluid
surface
• 𝑳𝒄 is inclined distance of centroid of the submerged surface to the free fluid
surface
• 𝑳𝑷 is inclined distance of center of pressure of submerged surface to the free fluid
surface
• 𝑨 is the area of submerged surface
• 𝑰𝒙𝒙, 𝑪 is the moment of inertia of submerged surface about its horizontal centroidal
axis ( can be obtained from tables for common shapes).
IX
Submerged Plane Areas - General
Section properties for the common shapes
 Fr the A I Ow 994ms
S G f Ew nooo Kalm
Example 6
ftp 9.81KN m3
The tank shown in figure contains a lubricating oil with a specific gravity of 0.91. A
rectangular gate with the dimensions 𝐵 = 1.2𝑚 and 𝐻 = 0.6 𝑚 is placed in the
inclined wall of the tank (𝜃 = 60°).The centroid of the gate is at a depth of 1.5 𝑚 from
the surface of the oil. Calculate he 1.5m
(a) the magnitude of the resultant force 𝐹𝑅 on the gate and
(b) the location of the centre of pressure.

y 𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒊𝒅

𝑪
𝟎. 𝟔𝒎 X
B
𝟎. 𝟑𝒎

𝟏. 𝟐𝒎
 so

sm

Fr Ohc A
I G Ow he A

10 91 9 81 1 5 1.2 0.6

9.64 KN

he 1.5 m
3 decimals pit
1.7312
Le
If II m

Lp Le t INA
Le A
1 2
o.CI
1.732 1.749 m
gaff
 1 732
Lp Lc 1.749 0.0172 m

Lp f hp Lp sine

1.749 Sin Go

1 515 m

hp he v

É
p
 t

he he
he
if
I
É X

0 900

Fr the A sin 90 1
he he
Ighea hp Lp
1000 9.81 241 5 1.5 3

154507.5 N 154.51 KN
1000
y
1 5m17
Let INA
Lp Le A
51313
3.5
3 5 3 1.5 Bmx
3.714 m

Lp Le 3.714 3.500 0.214 m y

hp Lp 3.714m
 piezo metric head

P th h
f
ha Patio 3 kpa
079.81 Kim
153 ee
1 m

Ce

hee hat he
1 153 1.5
2 653 m
Fe thee A

29.81 2.653 1.240 6

17.06 KN

Lee hee 2 653 3.063m

sing Sin go

Lee Lee INA

Lce A
3.063 00216
3.073 m
3 06311.2 0.6

Ipe Lce 3.073 3.063 0 0098

m
Fly T T I
Im
0.25
I
I 0.75 he
o he
15m c YP
tano 4 1 I fowl
G tan 11 450 I
Fr

Gate AB submerged t

Fr the A
9 81310.75 2
F
20 81 KN
 Draw FBD For the gate
Tocalculate the weight take By
the moment point B
43 By
To take the moment
point B we need C X
X and X2
4 yw
tr
ca f
fr
Calculate X
By
19.57528g
Xi o 5m p

C X

I Yw
fr
C i
i
Fr
0.5m 0.5m
y y X
Im
 Calculate X2

t
i0.25
a

Poco tr up

É
451 as

Lp X2 17 5h45 Is
X2 Lp z
354
Z
945
0 m
s

Calculate Lpc

Ii S 1.061 m

ship
INA
2
f 0.471m
Lp Le
Le A
12

1 061 0.477 1 218m

1 of er
 X2 Lp Z 1 218 o
354
0 864 m

IMB o.o Gt
W X1 FR X2 o o

W Co 5 20.8110 8647 0.0

I W 35 96 kN