Beginners Grammar Classes

REVIEW FOR BEGINNERS

BY TEACHER GLORIA MARINA

STUDENT ________________________________________________________

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Content

1- Subject pronoun
2- Verbs
3- Articles
4- Plural
5- Wh questions
6- Simple Present
7- The auxiliary verb Do
8- Verb to be
9- Present Continuous
10- Numbers
11- What time is it?
12- Adverbs of frequency
13- Possessive pronouns/adjectives
14- Modal verbs
15- There is and there are
16- Quantifiers
17- Past simple
18- Past continuous
19- Relative pronouns
20- Prepositions
21- Present Perfect
22- Genitive case
23- Indefinite pronouns
24- Comparative and Superlative
25- Past perfect
26- Past perfect continuous
27- Simple Future
28- Future
29- Conditionals
30- Reflexive pronouns
31- Parts of speech
32- TIPS

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SUBJECT PRONOUNS

1- VERBS
For example:

I LIKE FRUITS. WE WANT TO SLEEP. YOU ARE BEAUTIFUL.

THEY EAT SALAD. YOU DRIVE THIS TIME. I DRINK WATER ALL THE TIME.

2- ARTICLES

We use A before consonant sound We use AN before vowel sound

She is a doctor. I am an english student.
She is a student. Mike and Julia live in an apartment
Exceptions:
A house A university An hour

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3- PLURAL FORMS
The plural form of most nouns is created simply by adding the letter ‘’S’’ to the end of the
word.

DOG =DOGS PEN= PENS RING=RINGS

BOOK = BOOKS CAR=CARS FORK=FORKS

• Nouns ending in a consonant + Y = +IES

PARTY = PARTIES LADY=LADIES FAMILY=FAMILIES

• Nouns that end in CH, X, O, S, SH, Z = +ES

BOX= BOXES BOSS=BOSSES BRUSH=BRUSHES CHURCH=CHURCHES

QUIZ=QUIZZES BUS=BUSES POTATO=POTATOES FOX=FOXES

• Most nouns ending in F or FE = -F/FE +VES.

WIFE=WIVES KNIFE=KNIVES SHELF=SHELVES THIEF=THIEVES

IRREGULAR PLURALS
MOUSE - MICE FOOT-FEET
CHILD - CHILDREN TOOTH-TEETH
PERSON - PEOPLE FISH-FISH
MAN - MEN SHEEP=SHEEP
WOMAN – WOMEN SERIES-SERIES

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4- WH QUESTIONS

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5- SIMPLE PRESENT

6- THE AUXILIARY VERB DO

The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative
sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in
Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)

The auxiliary "do" in negative sentences

He does not play football.

The auxiliary "do" in questions

Does he play football?

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7- THE VERB TO BE

TO BE = SER OU ESTAR

Example:

I am happy = EU ESTOU/SOU FELIZ.

You are a good person = VOCÊ É UMA BOA PESSOA.

She is in her bedroom = ELA ESTÁ NO QUARTO DELA.

They aren’t sad = ELES NÃO ESTÃO TRISTES.

8- PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE

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RULES TO ADD ING

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9- NUMBERS

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10- WHAT TIME IS IT?

✓ Say the hour first and then the minutes. (Hour + Minutes)

• 6:25 - It's six twenty-five

• 8:05 - It's eight O-five (the O is said like the letter O)
• 9:11 - It's nine eleven
• 2:34 - It's two thirty-four

✓ Say the minutes first and then the hour. (Minutes + PAST / TO + Hour)

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For minutes 1-30 we use PAST after the minutes.

For minutes 31-59 we use TO after the minutes.

• 2:35 - It's twenty-five to three

• 11:20 - It's twenty past eleven
• 4:18 - It's eighteen past four
• 8:51 - It's nine to nine
• 2:59 - It's one to three

When it is 15 minutes past the hour we normally say: (a) quarter past

• 7:15 - It's (a) quarter past seven

When it is 15 minutes before the hour we normally say: a quarter to

• 12:45 - It's (a) quarter to one

When it is 30 minutes past the hour we normally say: half past

• 3:30 - It's half past three (but we can also say three-thirty)

O'clock
We use o'clock when there are NO minutes.

• 10:00 - It's ten o'clock

• 5:00 - It's five o'clock
• 1:00 - It's one o'clock

Sometimes it is written as 9 o'clock (the number + o'clock)

12:00
For 12:00 there are four expressions in English.

• twelve o'clock
• midday = noon
• midnight

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11- ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

12- POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

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13- MODAL VERBS

14- THERE IS/THERE ARE

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15- QUANTIFIERS

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16- PAST SIMPLE

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17- PAST CONTINUOUS

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18- RELATIVE PRONOUNS

19- PREPOSITIONS

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20- PRESENT PERFECT

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21- GENITIVE CASE

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22- INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

23- COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

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24- PAST PERFECT

25- PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

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26- SIMPLE FUTURE

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27- FUTURE

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28- CONDITIONALS

29- REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

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30- PARTS OF SPEECH

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TIPS

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